每周分子 | Molecule of the Week

Original ACS 美国化学会 ACS美国化学会 2022-07-01

收录于合集 #每周分子 110个

每周分子：4-甲氧基苯乙烯

Molecule of the Week: 4-Vinylanisole

4-Vinylanisole(4VA)——通常被称为4-甲氧苯乙烯，是一种天然的芳香化合物。在其他来源中，它是法国白兰地Mirabelle的挥发性成分之一，通过发酵Mirabelle李子(Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca)汁获得。

除了与白兰地有联系外，4VA还是一个更惊人的自然现象的中心。今年，来自中国科学院(北京)的王宪辉、康乐和六名合作者报道，4VA是造成蝗灾的罪魁祸首，比如最近摧毁了东非大部分地区的蝗灾。

当单独迁徙的蝗虫(飞蝗)与其他蝗虫形成小群体时，它们就开始释放4VA，以吸引更多的蝗虫。随着蝗虫的聚集，4VA信号变得更强，蝗虫数量会呈指数级增长。今年的蝗群——有人称之为“Biblical plague”——覆盖了数千平方公里的土地，主要分布在肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚，同时还分布在非洲和中东其他国家。

4VA的聚集信息素特性可能有积极的一面。根据王宪辉、康乐等人的报道，在蝗虫开始聚集之前，就可以使用4VA作为诱饵来诱捕它们，而不必使用杀虫剂来对其进行控制。研究人员还发现，一种基因修饰阻止了蝗虫探测4VA信号；但该领域的其他研究人员警告说：这种改变可能会带来意想不到的后果。

4-甲氧基苯乙烯信息速览

CAS 登记号	637-69-4
SciFinder命名	Benzene, 1-ethenyl-4-methoxy-
分子式	C₉H₁₀O
摩尔质量	134.18 g/mol
外观	无色液体
沸点	205 ºC
水溶性	不溶

4-甲氧基苯乙烯危害信息

GHS*分类：易燃液体，分类4
H277-可燃液体
GHS分类：皮肤腐蚀/刺激，分类2
H315-引起皮肤刺激
GHS分类：严重的眼损害/眼刺激，分类2
H319-引起眼刺激

【关于每周分子】

自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的SciFinder中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧。

4-Vinylanisole (4VA)—frequently also called 4-methoxystyrene—is a naturally occurring aroma compound. Among other sources, it is one of the volatile components of the French brandy Mirabelle, which is obtained by fermenting the juice of the mirabelle plum (Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca).

Beyond the brandy connection, 4VA is the center of a more spectacular natural phenomenon. This year, Xianhui Wang, Le Kang, and six collaborators at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing) reported that 4VA is the culprit responsible for locust swarms, such as those that recently devastated large portions of East Africa.

When solitary migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria) form small groups, they begin to emit 4VA, attracting additional insects. As the locusts aggregate, the 4VA signal becomes stronger, and the swarm grows exponentially. This year’s swarm—some call it a “Biblical plague”—covered thousands of square kilometers, mostly in Kenya and Ethiopia, but also in other African and Middle Eastern countries.

4VA’s aggregation pheromone property might have a positive side. Instead of using pesticides to control the locusts, 4VA could potentially be used as a bait to trap the insects before they begin the swarming process, according to Wang, Kang, et al. The researchers also found that a genetic modification prevented locusts from detecting 4VA signals; but others in the field warn against unintended consequences from this sort of alteration.

4-Vinylanisole fast facts

CAS Reg. No.	637-69-4
SciFinder nomenclature	Benzene, 1-ethenyl-4-methoxy-
Empirical formula	C₉H₁₀O
Molar mass	134.18 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Boiling Point	205 ºC (subl.)
Water solubility	Insoluble

4-Vinylanisole hazard information

Hazard class：Flammable liquids, category 4
H277-Combustible liquid
Hazard class：Skin corrosion/irritation, category 2
H315-Causes skin irritation
Hazard class：Serious eye damage/eye irritation, category 2
H319-Causes serious eye irritation

About Molecule of the Week

MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using SciFinder. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.

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