深圳——最小的超大城市，能让魔咒成为传说

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导语

近日，中央深改委会议审议通过《关于支持深圳建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区的意见》，这是深圳改革发展进程中的历史大事、政治大事、发展大事，具有标志性和里程碑意义，必将对深圳改革开放再出发产生重大而深远的影响。

会议强调，支持深圳建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区，要牢记党中央创办经济特区的战略意图，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路，坚持改革开放，践行高质量发展要求，深入实施创新驱动发展战略，抓住粤港澳大湾区建设重要机遇，努力创建社会主义现代化国家的城市范例。

今天，我们节选了《微观深圳》“特区·特色”部分的精彩内容，为读者呈现一个生机勃勃的深圳。

一

春风又绿试验田  

早在1979年1月，蛇口敢为天下先，率先迈出了基建体制改革的第一步——实行工程招投标。随后的1980年3月，率先实行干部、职员公开自由招聘制，实施公开招聘、民主选举；率先改革了劳动分配制度，改变吃“大锅饭”现象。之后的深圳改革更是开风气之先。深圳特区一直被模仿，很难被超越。

Forefront of Revolution

Early in January 1979, the first steps of the opening up and reform were taken in Shekou District, with bids made on construction. In March 1980, workers were able to seek their own jobs, and hiring as made open. Elections were held. The system of employment changed, and one-track employment started to erode. Shenzhen became the forefront of this revolution. The trends in Shenzhen were emulated elsewhere, but rarely exceeded.

二

春江水暖“银”先知

改革开放之初的中国，除了国有的中农工建四大银行，并无其他银行，但深圳例外。有人说深圳银行多过米铺，毫不夸张，这里除了国有四大银行，还有本土的发展、招商、中信等银行 ；更有种类繁多的外来银行渣打、汇丰、南洋、东亚等。商海逐利，特区遍地开花的银行最早闻到了财富的气息。

The Banks

When China began its process of opening up and reform, aside from the four major state-owned banks (BOC, ABC, ICBC, and CCB), there were no other banks, but Shenzhen was an exception. It's no exaggeration to say there were more banks in Shenzhen than rice shops. Aside from the local Shenzhen Development Bank, China Merchants Bank, and China CITIC Bank, there were also foreign banks: Standard Chartered, HSBC, NCB, BEA, and so on. As a SEZ, all kinds of banks got their first whiff of the scent of Chinese money here.

三

欢声笑语的“大客厅”  

有一个地方大多数深圳人都很熟悉，被称作深圳人的“大客厅”，那就是市民中心楼顶通往莲花山的平台。书城看完书的情侣在这里约会，带孩子的父母来这里休憩，也有人什么都不干，就在这里远眺宽阔的红荔路两端。市民相互微笑，似乎确认过眼神，CBD的壮美令人神往，何人不起家园情？

Big Hall

There's a place that most of the locals in Shenzhen are familiar with and it's been called the "Big Hall" of Shenzhen. On the platform upon the Lianhua Hill on top of the Civic Centre Building, couple meet here after visiting the book city, and parents with children come here to rest. There are also people who come to do nothing at all, simply looking down over Hongli Road. It's a nice vista, taking in the sights of the city, the beautiful and mighty CBD; one really feels at home here.

四

东湖丽苑的第一缕清风  

东阳直挂能添暖，丽苑台高接新春。东湖丽苑是中国第一个商品房小区，1984年顶着骂名和风险竣工，因为采取前所未有的“深圳出地、港方出钱”模式，一时大哗。开盘后直接向公众出售，一房带三个户口，引来一夜售罄。此后深圳土地被盘活，全国纷纷效仿。丽苑居民起居照常，亦习惯被参观。

East Lake Feelings

Donghu Liyuan is China's first commercial housing estate, infamously built in 1984, critics noting "Shenzhen contributes land and Hong Kong contributes money". It was directly opened for sale, and all units were gone in a single day. Afterwards, the sell-off of land in Shenzhen was triggered, and the rest of the country gradually followed suit. The residents of the complex are used to being viewed as an attraction.

五

让魔咒成为传说

劳伦斯魔咒说，“摩天大楼立项之时，是经济过热时期 ；而摩天大楼建成之日，即是经济衰退之时”。深圳摩天大楼闻名世界，城市天际线越来越高，第一是平安金融中心、“春笋”还是深港国际中心？第一之后又是谁？哪些将成为过去，哪些又将代表未来？勇立潮头，自强不息，魔咒就是个传说。

Curses to Legends

Andrew Lawrence, a property analyst at Kleinwort Hambros, has noted that skyscrapers are built as an economy is booming, and completed as it busts. Shenzhen's skyscrapers are world-famous, with the city's skyline ever rising. Will the foremost be the Ping An International Finance Centre, Huarun Group Headquarters Building or Shenzhen Hong Kong International Centre? Then who's second? Who's next? All that can be done is to continually raise the bar.

六

海上世界耀明华

蛇口海岸边停着一艘巨轮，原为法国总统戴高乐的专用邮轮，后被中国购买，改名“明华轮”。曾被派往越南、柬埔寨接回侨民，并载中日友好代表团访日。1983年，明华轮停航，被改造为酒店。1984年1月26日，邓小平登船，并题写“海上世界”。30多年过去，“明华”更加熠熠生辉，喜观深圳巨轮远航。

World on the Seas

On the coast in Shekou there is a huge passenger liner which used to belong to Charles de Gaulle, which was later purchased by China and renamed "Minghua". It has previously been dispatched to Vietnam and Cambodia to transport Chinse returnees, and has also visited Japan as part of Sino-Japanese friendship exercises. In 1983, it was decommissioned, and transformed into a hotel. On January 26, 1984, Deng Xiaoping boarded the boat, and calligraphed a scroll reading "World on the Seas". After 30 years, "Minghua" still stands there, serving as a landmark on the coast of Shenzhen.

七

通宵畅行的皇岗

皇岗口岸是中国最大的客货综合性陆路口岸，也是唯一24小时通关的口岸。口岸南面的皇岗—落马洲大桥横跨深圳河连接深港两地，口岸有多条跨境交通线路，旅客过关后可乘坐“皇巴”直达落马洲管制区，再乘巴士或铁轨列车到达香港市区各地。深港两地民众再也不用担心购物或游玩入夜无法回家。

Huanggang Doesn't Close

Huanggang Checkpoint is China's largest combine passenger and freight port, and the only one that operates 24 hours a day. To the south of the port is the Huanggang-Lok Ma Chau Bridge which connects Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The port has many cross-border routes, and travellers can take a bus that arrives directly at the Lok Ma Chau Control Point, and then take a bus or train directly into the Hong Kong urban area. Residents of the two cities don't have to worry about partying too late.

八

最小的超大城市

深圳有多小？首先是地方小，客家话里它是“深深的小水沟”；其次是年龄小，相对历史悠久的古城它还是个少年。但深圳又很大 ：它的人口密度很大，它的“心”也很大，包容着来自四面八方的不同语言、民族、文化的人。正如歌中所唱 ：“小城故事多，充满喜和乐。若是你到小城来，收获特别多。”

The Smallest Supercity

How small is Shenzhen? The geographic area is small, the scope of history is small as it's a young city. How large is Shenzhen? The population density is a large figure, its "heart" is large. It is home to dialects, ethnicities and cultures from all over China. Just like stated in a Chinese song: "This small city has many stories and is full of joy; when you visit it you'll gain a lot."

★图书信息★

《微观深圳(汉英版)》

胡野秋 主编

作为商务印书馆“微观中国”系列丛书的一本，《微观深圳》延续“微观中国”系列的微博体形式，图文并茂地呈现深圳的前世今生。2018年，改革开放四十周年。深圳在中国改革开放四十年的历程中，具有典型意义。适时推出《微观深圳》，具有特殊价值和意义。全书共收录300余条微博和200余幅图片，分为自然·天成、讲古·述今、此岸·彼岸、特区·特色、移民·风情、科技·金融、创意·设计、读书·读城、深商·化蝶、艺文·活色十章，共十个部分。该书的特色在于设计新颖、中英对照，精美的文字配以有视觉冲击力的摄影作品，“阅图”加“悦读”，给读者轻松而直观的阅读体验。面向没有汉语基础的海外读者和崇尚轻阅读方式的国内读者，本书将带领他们全方位领略深圳的魅力。

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