《园林》学刊·卷首语（2023.06）丨感知健康景观
本期专题
专题：景观感受与健康影响
LANDSCAPE PERCEPTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS
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·全文刊登于《园林》2023-06期P01
·全文引文格式：张浪.感知健康景观[J].园林,2022,40(06):01.
卷首语
感知健康景观
Perceiving the Healthy Landscape
国家统计局2023年1月发布的数据显示，中国城镇化率在2022年已达65.22%。国内外城市发展一般规律及其实证研究表明，城镇化水平在达到60%后将放缓速度，城市空间建设将进入结构调整阶段。当前中国新一阶段城镇建设工作重点，已由注重城市空间供给的“量”转移到注重城市空间环境的“质”上，由新城建设转向旧城功能修补，新型城镇化工作也更加关注以人为本、切实提升人民幸福感等问题。但是也应注意到，随着社会进步和城镇化发展，一些城市环境的负面问题也开始显现。尤其是经历了2019年新冠疫情浩劫之后的后疫情时代，以修护生理、心理和社会适应等为目标的健康景观领域将迎来新的发展期。
面对当前中国城市居民健康的特点和需求，城市蓝绿空间担当着重要责任。时代重要民生需求对风景园林及相关专业的广大科研工作者提出了亟待解决的科学问题：如何通过城市基础设施资源的优化管理，提高城市蓝绿空间资源的健康服务价值？如何合理利用存量城市用地为人居健康服务，最大化地挖掘有限蓝绿空间的健康服务价值？如何利用各种数据的采集和群众采访有效地了解不同地区居民的日常需求、行为习惯，来促进蓝绿空间的实施？如何根据居民行为特点提供个性化技术支撑或建设内容，进一步指导蓝绿空间设计？蓝绿空间资源是如何通过提供自然接触机会提升幸福感受，以促进公共健康？
本期专题“景观感受与健康影响”，以文献评述展示健康景观领域整体图景，以案例感知探索调节途径，以技术创新挖掘应用潜力。厘清了城市蓝绿空间对居民心理健康的影响机制、作用路径、特征因子等；聚焦绿色暴露对儿童青少年的健康影响，归纳了健康效益评价的实验测量指标选用及其效果；从街道尺度，探讨情绪中的压力感受，凝练了街道体验品质并识别潜在更新需求；面向校园和城市公园等具体城市绿色开放空间，分别从视嗅和视听角度，探索了如何通过多感官感受推动情绪调节，以促进积极情绪和正向体验；以虚拟现实技术为支撑，研讨了景观偏好与复愈的作用关系。
为了更好地落实“健康中国2030”规划，建设更利于中国城市居民健康的环境，风景园林学科需要联合相关学科一同建立公共健康的系统性理论实践框架。健康关乎民生福祉，也将成为风景园林学科的前沿领域。正如本年度第4期专题“疗愈环境与公共健康”中的讨论，鉴于健康景观领域问题的复杂与重要性，需要多学科，包括风景园林、城市规划、环境工程、公共卫生、生态等多个学科的学者紧密合作，才能加快实现城市蓝绿空间的健康效益最大化。
Data released by the National Bureau of Statistics in January 2023 show that China’s urbanization rate has reached 65.22% in 2022. The general rule of urban development at home and abroad and its empirical studies show that the urbanization level will slow down after reaching 60%, and the urban space construction will enter a structural adjustment phase. The focus of urban construction in the new phase of China has shifted from the “quantity” of urban space supply to the “quality” of urban space environment, from the construction of new cities to the repair of old city functions, and the new urbanization work has also paid more attention to issues such as people-oriented and enhancing people’s happiness. However, it should also be noted that with social progress and urbanization, some negative problems of the urban environment have begun to appear. Especially in the post-epidemic era after the havoc of the new crown epidemic in 2019, the field of health landscape with the goal of repairing physiological, psychological and social adaptation will usher in a new period of development.
Facing the current characteristics and needs of urban residents’ health in China, urban blue-green spaces take on an important responsibility. The important needs of people’s livelihood of the times have posed urgent scientific questions to the scientific researchers of landscape architecture and related professions: how to improve the health service value of urban blue-green space resources through the optimal management of urban infrastructure resources? How to make rational use of the stock of urban land to serve the health of people and maximize the health service value of the limited blue-green spaces? How to use various data collection and mass interviews to effectively understand the daily needs and behavioral habits of residents in different areas to promote the implementation of blue-green spaces? How to provide personalized technical support or construction content based on residents’ behavioral characteristics to further guide the design of blue-green spaces? How do blue-green space resources enhance feelings of well-being by providing opportunities for natural contact to promote public health?
In this issue’s special topic “Landscape Perception and Health Effects”, we present the overall picture of healthy landscape with literature review, explore the ways of regulation with case studies, and explore the application potential with technological innovation. The mechanisms, pathways and factors that influence the mental health of residents in urban blue-green spaces were clarified; Focusing on the health effects of green exposure on children and adolescents, the selection of experimental measurement indicators for health benefit evaluation and their effects were summarized; From the street scale, the street experience quality was condensed and the potential renewal needs was identified; Based on the concrete urban green open space such as campus and urban park, how to promote emotion regulation through multi-sensory perception in order to promote positive emotion and positive experience from the perspective of visual and visual senses respectively were explored; Besides, the relationship between landscape preference and healing was examined with the VR technology.
In order to better implement the “Health China 2030” plan and build an environment that is more conducive to the health of China’s urban residents, the discipline of landscape architecture needs to join forces with related disciplines to establish a systematic theoretical and practical framework for public health. Health is related to people’s well-being and will also become a frontier area for the landscape architecture discipline. As discussed in the topic “Healing Environments and Public Health” in the 4th issue of this year, given the complexity and importance of the health landscape issue, close cooperation among scholars from multiple disciplines, including landscape architecture, urban planning, environmental engineering, public health, ecology, etc., is needed to accelerate the realization of maximizing the health benefits of urban blue-green spaces.
Editor-in-Chief
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《园林》学刊
定位：风景园林领域高质量学术刊物
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