2020年CATTI日语、英语笔译真题分享，你能做对吗？

联普日语社区联普日语社区 2022-01-11

本文观点仅代表作者本人，以下译文仅供参考。

听说你在找工作？下面这个榜单你一定不能错过！

日语好工作 | 全国最新最热最全的日语岗位都在这了（持续更新）

前两天是2020年CATTI考试的时间，不知道参加考试的同学们考得怎么样啊？

每次考试都有一群小伙伴通过通力合作把真题提前还原出来供大家参考学习，小编也是通过各种途径找到了这些题目。它们与真题相比可能有些许出入，但是也足够还没有考过的小伙伴们测试一下自己的外语水平了。

以下是日语、英语笔译的部分真题还原。

三级笔译日译中第一篇

ビジネスパーソンの33.6％が、「職場に休める雰囲気がないため、有給休暇を取りづらい」と感じている――格安スマホなどを提供するBIGLOBEの調査で分かった。

このほか、休暇を取りづらい理由として「自分が休むと、同僚が多く働くことになるから」（22.9％）、「上司?同僚が有給休暇を取らないから」（22.3％）など、周囲が気になるという意見が目立った。

「上司?同僚が有給休暇を取らないから」と答えた人を年代別にみると、20代の若手に多く、32.0％を占めた。また「業務対応が発生するかもしれないから」と考える管理職は28.0％に上り、仕事に対する責任感が強さから有給休暇を取得しない人が多いことが分かった。

では、同僚が有給休暇を取得した際、働く人はどのようなことを感じるのだろうか。調査によると「有給休暇を取れるならどんどん取った方がいい」が34.6％でトップ。2位は「自分も有給休暇を取りたい」（31.9％）だった。「特に何も感じない」「うらやましい」――と続き、「イライラする」「怠慢だ」などの感情を持つ人はごく少数だった。

実際は有給休暇の取得に不快感を示す人は少ないにもかかわらず、「職場に休める雰囲気がない」と感じる人が多い現状を改善するためには何が必要なのだろうか。調査によると、「会社の制度を変えるべき」と答えた人は全体の66.6％。「個々の意識を変えるべき」（33.4％）を大きく上回り、企業側に休暇を取得しやすい仕組みづくりを求める声が多く集まった。

調査は7月18～19日にかけて、20～50代の社会人男女1000人を対象に、インターネット上で実施した。

三级笔译日译中第二篇

「カイチュウ博士」として知られる東京医科歯科大学名誉教授の藤田紘一郎さんは、かつて自分の腸で、サナダムシを飼っていた。藤田さんは長年、寄生虫によるアレルギー抑制の研究に取り組んできた。その効力を自分の体で、確かめようとしたのだ。ダイエットの効果まであったそうだ。

もちろん、人に害を及ぼす寄生虫も少なくない。最近よく耳にするアニサキスも、その一つである。長さ２～３センチの白い糸のような幼虫は魚の内臓に潜み、時間がたつと身の方にも移動する。それを刺し身など生で食べると、幼虫の刺激を受けた胃や腸が炎症を起こし、激しい痛みや吐き気を引き起こすことがある。

最近、被害報告が急増している。お笑いタレントも次々にネットで感染体験を発表して話題となった。そもそも、その存在が広く知られるようになったのは、故森繁久弥さんのおかげである。

昭和６２年に名古屋で公演中の森繁さんは、腹部の激痛を訴えて緊急手術を受けた。サバの押しずしを食べた森繁さんの腸にアニサキスが見つかった。「南方のきれいな花みたいな名前だけど、ひどいやつだ」。こんな名言も残している。

酢で締めたり、塩漬けにしても予防効果はない。十分に加熱するか冷凍によって、幼虫はようやく死滅する。欧州連合（ＥＵ）では加盟国に対して、寄生虫対策として生食の魚の冷凍を義務づけている。日本でも一部の専門家が、義務づけの主張を始めた。

もっとも流通事情の改善によって、産地から直送されてくる活（い）きのいい魚の種類が増えている。生魚の美味を知りすぎた日本人が、果たして規制を受け入れるだろうか。

三级笔译中译日

第一篇

作为公园，望江楼一带成为人们欣赏江景和漫步竹林的绝佳之地。每天早上七点半，老张都会和伙伴一起来到望江楼公园的竹林打太极拳。自幼喜欢武术的老张，现在是大家的辅导老师，一到八点，身着中式太极服的伙伴们跟在老张的身后，一招一式地演练起来。

"其实很多人不是住在公园附近"老张说"就因为这里的土地松软，空气清新，而且环境一直保持地很好，非常适合太极拳晨练。"

诚如老张所言，望江楼公园历经百年，依旧美丽如初，如同高楼大厦之间的一片绿洲，为成都人提供了一处极好的休闲场所。

第二篇

一带一路带给世界更多国家形成互助合作的契机，如果日本高科技和资金能够投入进来，必将给日本带来丰厚的利益，不仅给两国经济带来福音，也对，东南亚及世界的经济发展和稳定发挥积极作用。

中国与日本在地理上是搬不走的邻居，在文化上有切不断的联系，在经济上存在互补的利益，所以合作才是两国发展繁荣的基础。因此，向着共同繁荣的目标努力迈进，实现共赢，这才是当今中日经济发展最好的思路，最好的选择。

二级笔译日译中第一篇

６５歳以上の高齢者の７６人に１人が認知症を患っているという。認知症は歳を重ねれば誰でもなる可能性のある身近な病気だ。認知症になっても尊厳を持って暮らせるようわがこととして向き合いたい。

県内で介護保険サービスを利用するのに必要な要介護?要支援認定を受けた高齢者のうち、認知症と判定された人は３月末現在で、４万１３４３人となり初めて４万人台を超えた。

要介護要支援認定者に占める割合は７割以上だ。

一方で、４０～６４歳の若年性認知症とされる人も前年比４４人増の１２１６人だった。

沖縄は総人口に占める高齢者の割合が、２０１８年に２１％を超え、超高齢社会に突入した。今後、要介護認定者も、認知症高齢者も右肩上がりに増加することが予測される。

認知症は病気が進行すると買い物や金銭管理、意思疎通が難しくなり、理解力や判断力が衰え、日常生活や社会生活に大きな支障が出る。

認知症かその疑いが原因で行方不明になり、県警に届け出があったのは１８年、１１０人と増加傾向が続いている。

虐待されている高齢者の多くが、認知症患者だというデータもある。

認知症に対する知識不足から、「何もできなくなってしまう人」という偏見や誤解も多い。

そうした中、認知症の人が尊厳を持ち、生き生きと暮らしていくために、地域でできる役割を模索するユニークな試みが始まった。　

政府は先月、認知症対策を強化するため２５年までの施策を盛り込んだ新たな大綱を決定した。患者が暮らしやすい社会を目指す「共生」と「予防」を２本柱に据えている。

高齢者が地域の公民館などで体操や趣味を楽しむ「通いの場」の拡充を重点政策の一つに位置づけた。

全国では団塊世代全員が７５歳以上になる２５年には、認知症高齢者は５人に１人なるといわれる。高齢者の貧困対策も課題となる中、国の包括的な支援と地域のサポート体制の構築が急務だ。官民で知恵を絞りたい。

二级笔译日译中第二篇

結婚は、プロポーズされなければ先に進めません。逆プロポーズという手もあるけど、『彼から言われたい』のが乙女心。

そこで今回は、彼からプロポーズを引き出す方法をご紹介します！

■ 彼が結婚をためらう理由を探る

まずは、彼が結婚をためらう理由を探りましょう。

お金の心配なのか、自由がなくなる心配なのか、とにかく彼が結婚に踏み切れずにいる理由を知って、不安をなくすことが大事です。

彼が、周りの友人の付き合い方に言及した時などにうまく判断しましょう。

彼が友人の結婚式に行ったすぐあとに会うと、結婚観を聞き出しやすいので利用してみると良いと思います。

■ 結婚生活を送る友人夫婦と遊ぶ

次に、彼の理想に近い結婚生活を送っている友人夫婦と四人で遊びましょう。

出来れば、友人夫婦の家にお邪魔させてもらい、仲良く楽しく生活しているところを見せてもらった方がより効果的。

ここで、彼の結婚をためらう理由をなくす努力をします。

結婚にはお金がかかると思っているのなら、方法によって持ち出しは少なくできるということを友人夫婦に語ってもらいましょう。

自由がなくなることを懸念しているのなら、一人の時間と二人の時間をうまく切り分けて楽しんでいることを語ってもらえば大丈夫。

最後は、『擬似結婚生活』を一緒に楽しむことです。

誕生日や記念日などに、台所がついているコテージやコンドミニアムを予約します。当日は、二人で食材の買出しから行い、一緒にご飯を作って、部屋での手作りご飯を楽しみましょう。

とにかく、『一緒に過ごすと楽しい、幸せ』という感情を彼に刻み付けることが大事だからです。

楽しく食事をし終えたら、「こんな風に一緒に過ごすのって楽しいね！結婚したら、毎日幸せだろうな」と言ってみましょう。

このとき、彼が結婚の話に乗ってきたら話を続けても良いですが、流されてしまったときは、そのまま話を掘り返さないこと。

必要以上に『結婚してほしい』アピールをしてしまうと、そのプレッシャーから、彼が余計に結婚について考えたくなくなってしまう可能性があるからです。

それよりも、「楽しい～」「幸せ～」と笑顔で言い続けていれば、何も言わなくても彼はあなたとの結婚生活を想像してしまうはずですよ！

二级笔译中译日

第一篇

在2000年至2017年间收集的数据显示，全球绿化面积增加了5%，相当于多出一个亚马孙热带雨林。更令人惊喜的是，仅中国的植被增加量，就占到过去17年里全球植被总增量的25%以上，位居全球首位。

森林频遭滥伐、动植物生存环境日益受到侵蚀，面对这个世界难题，中国引领全球绿化面积"逆袭"的数据格外引人注目。事实上，为地球增添绿色，已是中国数十年的不懈追求。

无论是三代塞罕坝林场建设者在高原上接力，创造出世界最大面积的人工林，被联合国环境规划署授予环保领域的最高荣誉"地球卫士奖"，还是中国四大沙地之一毛乌素沙漠经过几代人的治理，止沙生绿，被联合国官员盛赞"值得世界所有国家向中国致敬"，还是曾被称为"死亡之海"的库布其沙漠经过近30年艰辛治理，实现"绿进沙退"的历史性转变，被联合国确定为"全球沙漠生态经济示范区"。

第二篇

中国政府决定向世界卫生组织捐款2000万美元，用以支持世卫组织开展抗击新冠肺炎疫情的国际合作。

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，世卫组织在谭德塞总干事领导下，为推动各国强化防范意识、坚持科学理性应对、帮助有关国家提升卫生体系能力发挥了重要作用，得到国际社会广泛认可。中方也高度赞赏世卫组织对中国防控工作所给予的理解和支持。

当前，新冠肺炎疫情在全球多点暴发并扩散蔓延，开展国际联防联控合作的紧迫性进一步上升。中方此次捐款，就是响应世卫组织的呼吁，以实际行动支持世卫组织继续发挥好专业优势，在抗击疫情的国际行动中更好发挥协调作用，特别是帮助公共卫生体系薄弱的中小国家筑牢应对疫情的防线。

病毒没有国界，帮助别人，就是帮助自己。中国将继续同各国守望相助、同舟共济，为维护地区和国际公共卫生安全贡献中国力量，推动构建人类命运共同体。

△引自“日语职翻联盟”公众号

三级笔译英译中第一篇

Women head back to work with ‘returnships’

At 51, Cathy McDonnell wanted to put her Oxford physics degree and former experience crunching data at Qinetiq to better use. She had worked part-time in a school for several years while her three children were young, but she wanted to get back into the corporate world.

Several applications later, all for jobs in her former field of defence, she was getting nowhere. Then a friend told her about “returnships”, a form of later-life work experience that some companies are experimenting with to help older people — mainly women — return to work, often after breaks to care for families.

Ms McDonnell eventually secured a place on an 11-week “Career Returners” programme with O2, open to men and women, which included being buddied with a 20-year-old male student who was also with the company on work experience. He helped to acquaint her with new technology, such as using an iPhone and accessing the company’s virtual private network from her laptop so she could work from home but still access internal files.

“On the assessment day, I thought they must have been looking at my project management skills. But they weren’t looking at us for specific roles. They were just thinking, ‘These women have a lot to offer, let’s see what they can do.’ That was refreshing.”

There is a “massive pool of highly skilled people who want to return to work,” says Julie Thornton, head of human resources at Tideway, an engineering company building a multibillion pound “super sewer” in London.

“Recruitment agencies typically view people who have had two years out as a risk, but we see them as a great opportunity.”

It is still overwhelmingly women who stay home to care for young families. UK government figures show that women account for around 90 per cent of people on extended career breaks for caring reasons.

A lack of older women working, particularly in highly skilled roles, is costing the UK economy £50bn a year, according to a report last year from Radix, a new British think-tank that aims to promote “the radical centre”. This was the amount that women over the age of 50 would have earned in 2015 had they made as much as their male peers, according to Nick Tyrone, chief executive. “This would have resulted in around £9.5bn extra [in income tax] to the Treasury,” he adds.

The report found that men over 50 took home nearly two-thirds of the total wages paid out to everyone in that age range in 2015. It blamed the pay gap on the low-skilled, part-time roles older women often accept. Some 41 per cent of women in work in the UK do so part-time, as opposed to only 11 per cent of men, according to Radix.

This issue is not restricted to the UK. A study last year by economists at the University of California at Irvine and Tulane University found “robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women” in a range of white and blue-collar jobs. The data show that it is harder for older women to find jobs than it is for older men regardless of whether they have taken a break from working.

三级笔译英译中第二篇

In December 2019, there was a cluster of pneumonia cases in China. Investigations found that it was caused by a previously unknown virus – now named the 2019 Novel Coronavirus.

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses. They consist of a core of genetic material surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes. This gives it the appearance of a crown. Crown in Latin is called “corona” and that’s how these viruses get their name. There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms.

It’s known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. But the animal reservoir of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus is not known yet. The exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined.

From what is known so far, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, there’s been pneumonia, kidney failure, and death. There is currently no specific medication for the virus and treatment is supportive care. There’s currently no vaccine to protect against the virus. Treatment and vaccines are in development.

And nor is our commitment to combating the COVID-19 epidemic. It’s certainly troubling that so many people and countries have been affected, so quickly. Now that the virus has a foothold in so many countries, the threat of a pandemic has become very real. But it would be the first pandemic in history that could be controlled. The bottom line is: we are not at the mercy of this virus.

The great advantage we have is that the decisions we all make – as governments, businesses, communities, families and individuals – can influence the trajectory of this epidemic. We need to remember that with decisive, early action, we can slow down the virus and prevent infections. Among those who are infected, most will recover.

It’s also important to remember that looking only at the total number of reported cases and the total number of countries doesn’t tell the full story. This is an uneven epidemic at the global level. Different countries are in different scenarios, requiring a tailored response. It’s not about containment or mitigation – which is a false dichotomy. It’s about both.

All countries must take a comprehensive blended strategy for controlling their epidemics and pushing this deadly virus back. Countries that continue finding and testing cases and tracing their contacts not only protect their own people, they can also affect what happens in other countries and globally. The WHO has consolidated our guidance for countries in 4 categories: those with no cases; those with sporadic cases; those with clusters; and those with community transmission. For all countries, the aim is the same: stop transmission and prevent the spread of the virus.

For the first three categories, countries must focus on finding, testing, treating and isolating individual cases, and following their contacts. In areas with community spread, testing every suspected case and tracing their contacts becomes more challenging. Action must be taken to prevent transmission at the community level to reduce the epidemic to manageable clusters.

三级笔译中译英

第一篇

当今世界，以互联网为代表的信息技术日新月异，引领了社会生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了国家治理新领域，极大提高了人类认识世界、改造世界的能力。

中国大力实施网络强国战略、国家信息化战略、国家大数据战略、“互联网+”行动计划，大力发展电子商务，着力推动互联网和实体经济深度融合发展，促进资源配置优化，促进全要素生产率提升，为推动创新发展、转变经济增长方式、调整经济结构发挥积极作用。

中国秉持公平、开放、竞争的市场理念，在自身发展的同时，坚持合作和普惠原则，促进世界范围内投资和贸易发展，推动全球数字经济发展。中国主张推动国际社会公平、自由贸易，反对贸易壁垒和贸易保护主义，促进建立开放、安全的数字经济环境，确保互联网为经济发展和创新服务。

中国主张进一步推动实现公平合理普遍的互联网接入、互联网技术的普及化、互联网语言的多样性，加强中国同其他国家和地区在网络安全和信息技术方面的交流与合作，共同推进互联网技术的发展和创新，确保所有人都能平等分享数字红利，实现网络空间的可持续发展。

第二篇

水稻是世界上最主要的粮食作物之一，目前，世界一半以上的人口、中国60%以上的人口以稻米为主食。中国是世界上最早种植水稻的国家，栽培历史已有7000年左右，当前水稻产量占全国粮食作物产量近一半。

水稻作为主要的粮食作物，无论对中国还是对世界的重要性都是不言而喻的。中国在超级杂交水稻生产方面成就突出，关键人物是袁隆平。他被誉为“中国杂交水稻之父”，不仅在中国家喻户晓，在国际上也享有盛誉。

袁隆平从20世纪60年代开始致力于杂交水稻的研究，他带领科研团队使我国杂交水稻研究始终居世界领先水平，不断实现杂交水稻的高产量目标，而且在生产实践中不断推广应用这项技术，解决了中国人的吃饭问题。袁隆平多次到美国、印度等地传授技术，让杂交水稻技术造福世界人民。

1987年11月3日，联合国教科文组织在巴黎总部向中国专家袁隆平颁发了科学奖，认为他的科研成果是“第二次绿色革命”。袁隆平拿到了2004年度“世界粮食奖”（the World Food Prize），表彰他“为人类提供营养丰富、数量充足的粮食所作出的突出贡献”。

二级笔译英译中第一篇

The world is at a social, environmental and economic tipping point. Subdued growth, rising inequalities and accelerating climate change provide the context for a backlash against capitalism, globalization, technology, and elites. There is gridlock in the international governance system and escalating trade and geopolitical tensions are fuelling uncertainty. This holds back investment and increases the risk of supply shocks: disruptions to global supply chains, sudden price spikes or interruptions in the availability of key resources.

Persistent weaknesses in the drivers of productivity growth are among the principal culprits. In advanced, emerging and developing economies, productivity growth started slowing in 2000 and decelerated further after the crisis. Between 2011 and 2016, “total factor productivity growth” – or the combined growth of inputs, like resources and labour, and outputs – grew by 0.3% in advanced economies and 1.3% in emerging and developing economies.

The financial crisis added to this deceleration through “productivity hysteresis”– the long-lasting delayed effects of investments being undermined by uncertainty, low demand and tighter credit conditions. Beyond strengthening financial system regulations, many of the structural reforms designed to revive productivity that were promised by policy-makers in the midst of the crisis did not materialize.

Governments must better anticipate the unintended consequences of technological integration and implement complementary social policies that support populations through the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The report shows that several economies with strong innovation capability like South Korea, Japan and France, or increasing capability, like China, India and Brazil, must improve their talent base and the functioning of their labour markets.

Talent Adaptation is critical. It pays to enable the workforce to contribute to the technology revolution and to be able to cope with its disruptions. Talent adaptability also requires a well-functioning labour market that protects workers, not jobs. Advanced economies such as South Korea, Italy, France and, to some extent, Japan need to develop their skills base and tackle rigidities in their labour markets. As innovation capacity grows in emerging economies such as China, India and Brazil, they need to strengthen their skills and labour market to minimize the risks of negative social spillovers.

Sustained economic growth remains the surest route out of poverty and a core driver of human development. For the past decade, growth has been subdued and remains below potential in most developing countries, seriously hampering progress on several of the UN’s 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The world is not on track to meet any of the SDGs. Least developed countries have missed the target of 7% growth every year since 2015. Extreme poverty reduction is decelerating. 3.4 billion people – or 46% of the world’s population – lived on less than $5.50 a day and struggled to meet basic needs. After years of steady decline, hunger has increased and now affects 826 million – or one in nine people – up from 784 million in 2015. A total of 20% of Africa’s population is undernourished. The “zero hunger” target will almost certainly be missed.

二级笔译英译中第二篇

In the mid-1800s a caterpillar the size of a human finger began spreading across the northeastern U.S. This appearance of the tomato hornworm was followed by terrifying reports of fatal poisonings and aggressive behavior toward people. In July 1869 newspapers across the region posted warnings about the insect, reporting that a girl has died after a run-in with the creature. That fall the Syracuse Standard printed an account from one Dr. Fuller, who had collected a particularly enormous specimen. The physician warned that the caterpillar was “as poisonous as a rattlesnake” and said he knew of three deaths linked to its venom.

Although the hornworm is a voracious eater that can strip a tomato plant in a matter of days, it is, in fact, harmless to humans. Entomologists had known the insect to be innocuous for decades when Fuller published his dramatic account, and his claims were widely mocked by experts. So why did the rumors persist even though the truth was readily available? People are social learners. We develop most of our beliefs from the testimony of trusted others such as our teachers, parents and friends. This social transmission of knowledge is at the heart of culture and science. But as the tomato hornworm story shows us, our ability has a gaping vulnerability: sometimes the ideas we spread are wrong.

Over the past five years the ways in which the social transmission of knowledge can fail us have come into sharp focus. Misinformation shared on social media Web sites has fueled an epidemic of false belief, with widespread misconceptions concerning topics ranging from the prevalence of voter fraud, to whether the Sandy Hook school shooting was staged, to whether vaccines are safe. The same basic mechanisms that spread fear about the tomato hornworm have now intensified—and, in some cases, led to—a profound public mistrust of basic societal institutions.

“Misinformation” may seem like a misnomer here. After all, many of today's most damaging false beliefs are initially driven by acts of propaganda and disinformation, which are deliberately deceptive and intended to cause harm. But part of what makes propaganda and disinformation so effective in an age of social media is the fact that people who are exposed to it share it widely among friends and peers who trust them, with no intention of misleading anyone. Social media transforms disinformation into misinformation.

Many social scientists have tried to understand how false beliefs persist by modeling the spread of ideas as a contagion. Employing mathematical models involves simulating a simplified representation of human social interactions using a computer algorithm and then studying these simulations to learn something about the real world. In a contagion model, ideas are like viruses that go from mind to mind. You start with a network, which consists of nodes, representing individuals, and edges, which represent social connections. You seed an idea in one “mind” and see how it spreads under various assumptions about when transmission will occur.

二级笔译中译英

第一篇

2019年12月，发现了一批聚集性肺炎病例。1月30 日，世界卫生组织将此疫情列为国际关注的突发公共卫生事情（PHEIC）。

面对疫情，专家经考察研究，达成几点共识。首先，它是一种新的冠状病毒。其次，新冠肺炎有家庭聚集性的特点；人群普遍易感染，但多数患者是轻症，可以康复。第三，它的传播力高于SARS，因有的患者无症状或轻症，新冠肺炎隐匿性强。第四，目前尚无特效药和疫苗。

面对疫情，中国采取了严格、彻底、科学、精准的防控措施，打响了一场抗疫人民战争。科研人员甄别病原体、研究诊治方案、研发抗病毒疫苗。火神山、雷神山医院拔地而起，方舱医院一所所开放，全国各地的医护人员和部队人员紧急结奔赴“抗疫战场”，为病人提供紧急救治。随着一批批轻症患者治愈出院，14所方舱医院陆续关舱。

疫情没有国界，是人类面临的敌人。中国支持世卫组织发挥引领作用，与国际社会共同抗疫，为完善全球卫生治理做出积极贡献。

第二篇

农业要保持粮食供应。从供给数量看，2019年我国粮食产量再创新高，棉油糖生产稳定，果菜茶供应充足，但是公众关注生猪供给。受非洲猪瘟等因素影响，今年生猪产能下降较多。一场生猪稳产供保行动在全国各地展开，政府部门从财政支持，用地保障、金融保险等方面持续发力。目前生猪生产已出现回暖，猪肉供应将有所增加。同时，禽肉生产增加较多，牛羊肉生产形式好，肉类供应有保障。

此外，供给的质量和效益也日益提高，品种结构调优。大豆面积增加了92万公顷。各地积极发展优质稻谷、小麦、大豆、油菜、高产高糖甘蔗等。不少地方推进适应性种植，适当调减非适应区种植，东北寒冷地区和南方重金属污染区水稻调减20万公顷，小麦调减20万公顷。

2019年，国家在175个县开展有机肥替代化肥，在150个县开展果菜茶全程防控试点。目前，病虫绿色防控面积超过5300万公顷，化肥用量连续3年实现负增长。经过多年的探索实践，耕地轮作休耕试点省份已由9个增加到17个，试点面积由40万公顷扩大到200万公顷。试点区域耕地质量稳步向好，生态环境得到改善，提升了稻米、小麦等的竞争力。

一级笔译英译中第一篇

Master of the Intricacies of the Human Heart

By Michiko Kakutani

Oct. 10, 2013

Alice Munro, named on Thursday as the winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, once observed: “The complexity of things — the things within things — just seems to be endless. I mean nothing is easy, nothing is simple.”

That is also a perfect description of Ms. Munro’s quietly radiant short stories — stories that have established her as one of the foremost practitioners of the form. Set largely in small-town and rural Canada and often focused on the lives of girls and women, her tales have the swoop and density of big, intimate novels, mapping the crevices of characters’ hearts with cleareyed Chekhovian empathy and wisdom.

Fluent and deceptively artless on the page, these stories are actually amazingly intricate constructions that move back and forth in time, back and forth between reality and memory, opening out, magically, to disclose the long panoramic vistas in these people’s lives (the starts, stops and reversals that stand out as hinge moments in their personal histories) and the homely details of their day-to-day routines: the dull coping with “food and mess and houses” that can take up so much of their heroines’ time.

Ms. Munro’s stories possess an emotional amplitude and a psychological density. Her understanding of the music of domestic life, her ability to simultaneously detail her characters’ inner landscapes and their place in a meticulously observed community, and her talent for charting “the progress of love” as it morphs and mutates through time — these gifts have not only helped Ms. Munro redefine the contours of the contemporary short story, but have also made her one of today’s most influential writers.

In short fiction that spans four and a half decades, Ms. Munro has given us prismatic portraits of ordinary people that reveal their intelligence, toughness and capacity to dream, as well as their lies, blind spots and lapses of courage and good will. Such descriptions are delivered not with judgmental accountancy, but with the sort of “unsparing unsentimental love” harbored by a close friend or family member.

Like Ms. Munro, many of the women in these stories grew up in small towns in Canada and, at some point, faced a decision about whether to stay or to leave for the wider world. Their lifetimes often span decades of startling social change — from a time and place when tea parties and white gloves were de rigueur to the days of health food stores and stripper bars.

For that matter, Ms. Munro’s women often find themselves caught on the margins of shifting cultural mores and pulled between conflicting imperatives — between rootedness and escape, domesticity and freedom, between tending to familial responsibilities or following the urgent promptings of their own hearts.

In story after story, passion is the magnet or the motor that drives women’s choices. Love and sex, and marriage and adultery are often mirrors that reveal a Munro heroine’s expectations — her fondest dreams and cruel self-delusions, her sense of independence and need to belong.

Ms. Munro is adept at tracing the many configurations that intimacy can take over the years, showing how it can suffocate a marriage or inject it with a renewed sense of devotion. She shows how sexual ardor can turn into a “tidy pilot flame” and how an impulsive tryst can become a treasured memory, hoarded as a bulwark against the banalities of middle age.

Illness and death frequently intrude upon these stories, and the reader is constantly reminded of the precariousness of life — and the role that luck, chance and reckless, spur-of-the-moment choices can play. Some of Ms. Munro’s characters embrace change as a liberating force that will lift them out of their humdrum routines, or at least satisfy their avid curiosity about life. Others regard it with fearful dismay, worried that they will lose everything they hold dear — or at least everything familiar.

一级笔译英译中第二篇

ON Sept. 3, 1939, after Britain declared war on Germany, George VI addressed millions of people around the world in a live radio broadcast. It was a somber, stirring call to patriotism and fortitude, to courage and resilience, and it was one of the best speeches he had ever made.

He had had to struggle so hard to get there. The terrifying march to war, along with the trauma of taking over the throne after the unprecedented abdication of his popular older brother, Edward VIII, had brought back the debilitating stutter that had plagued the king since childhood. The long silences on the radio were not a rhetorical device but a verbal crutch.

That he managed at all was a tribute to the man who stood beside him as he spoke, an uncredentialled, unorthodox speech therapist from Australia named Lionel Logue. “The King’s Speech,” which opens on Nov. 24, tells the story of the unlikely friendship between the two men and describes how Logue helped the king find his voice and his confidence.

“It was a perfect storm of catastrophe,” said Colin Firth, whose nuanced portrayal of George has generated a huge pre-Oscar stir. “Having a stammer causes tremendous suffering, and just a few years earlier he would have been bailed out by having his remarks recorded and edited. But he was required to speak on this new device, live radio. And to compound all that you have a war looming, where his only function is his voice, to speak to the people, and he can’t speak.”

The movie opens before George (then called Prince Albert, or Bertie) becomes king, during a scene in which he is trying to address an expectant crowd at Wembley Stadium. Mr. Firth’s voice flails. He swallows his words, trips over them, and spits them partially out, lapsing into long, panicked silences. It is almost physically painful to watch.

George’s wife, played by Helena Bonham Carter, convinces him to seek help from Logue (Geoffrey Rush). Logue’s eccentric methods include insisting that he and Bertie address each other by their first names, making Bertie sing and impertinently asking him about his lonely childhood and his relationship with his chilly family. Gradually the future king opens up, his voice relaxing along with his clenched-up spirit.

“It’s Logue’s way of trying to help him at a time when convention does not allow psychoanalysis for a person like that,” Mr. Firth said. “Logue is one of the early generation who believed that getting to the heart of a problem psychologically could help with a cure.”

George VI remained a friend of Mr. Logue for the rest of their lives. (The king died in 1952; Logue died the following year.) The king sought his help before important speaking engagements and, in 1937 made him a member of the Royal Victorian Order, which recognizes personal service to the sovereign. The king never fully got over his stutter, and Mr. Hooper said it would have been wrong to give the film a classic Hollywood ending, in which he is cured and lives happily ever after.

When he went back and listened to archival recordings, Mr. Hooper said, “it was clear that the king was still coping with his stammer, and that this was not about a man who was cured. It was about a man who had learned how to cope.”

一级笔译中译英

第一篇

现代西方的中国学研究大致经历了两个代际的变化。第一代是历史主义流派，第二代是意识形态流派。当代西方对中国的认知，不论是学术界或大众媒体，都深受这两大代际流派的影响。

现代中国学研究的第一代，可以追溯到20世纪初。他们用历史主义的语境研究中国，研究方法深受传统文化影响，研究领域涵盖了中国的政治、历史、社会状况和中国历史上重要的领袖人物。

中国学的第二代，始于1989年，在后冷战时代的意识形态狂热中诞生。这一时期的研究，陷入自由民主或专制独裁的意识形态两元对立。在研究取向上，强调政治立场先行和意识形态挂帅，目的只有一个，即证明中国的政治制度必然崩溃。可惜，这一代流派的研究一再被中国成功发展的事实证伪，备受质疑。

第三代中国学发端于新的形势背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。这一代流派的演进，将推动中国学从基础结构上发生转型，并使世界对中国的认知产生决定性影响。这对中国共产党来说意义深远，作为中国政治治理模式的核心。

最近几十年来，中国全方位快速崛起，全球政治、历史、经济研究的顶尖人士，纷纷聚焦中国，希望探究这一历史重大事件的深远含义。这个群体不再象前两代那样限于中国通，而是来自各个领域。

一个趋向可以称为实证派，即以收集客观数据为基本研究方法，从历史和现在的角度客观分析中国的治理模式。

第二篇

在中国这样一个拥有13亿人口的发展中大国实现城镇化，在人类发展史上没有先例。粗放扩张、人地失衡、举债度日、破坏环境的老路不能再走了，也走不通了。在这样一个十分关键的路口，必须走出一条新型城镇化道路，切实把握正确的方向。

新型城镇化道路是从社会主义初级阶段基本国情出发，遵循规律，因势利导，使城镇化成为一个顺势而为、水到渠成的发展过程。

坚持把城镇化质量明显提高摆在突出位置来落实。坚持以人为本，推进以人为核心的城镇化；坚持优化布局，促进大中小城市和小城镇合理分工、功能互补、协同发展；坚持生态文明，着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展；坚持传承文化，发展有历史记忆、地域特色、民族特点的美丽城镇。