视频 | “铁娘子外交官”傅莹再次“爆表”第54届慕尼黑安全会议

Fu Ying
Chairwoman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the National People's Congress, Parliament of the People's Republic of China; Member of the Advisory Council, Munich Security Conference, Beijing

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2月16日至18日，第54届慕尼黑安全会议于德国慕尼黑举行。“中国最美外交官”、全国人大外事委员会主任委员傅莹应邀出席会议并在17日参加了主题为“失控的核安全”的全会论坛。

论坛上，“外交女神”以“从人类命运共同体的角度看核领域全球治理”为题侃侃而谈。傅莹说，核武器仍是当今世界杀伤力最大的武器，各国应采取负责任的态度携手推进核领域全球治理。

China hopes that peace talks can be reopened to solve the most urgent Korean Peninsula nuclear issue, a senior Chinese diplomat said at the Munich Security Conference (MSC) on Saturday.

"There should be negotiated settlements to address the security concerns of all parties," Fu Ying, chairwoman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress, China's legislature, said during a panel on nuclear security.

"We believe there should be no nuclear weapons. We hope to see a peaceful Korean Peninsula… Sanctions are necessary, but they alone will not get the job done. There has to be peace talks!" she said.

围绕核安全，傅莹说，五核国应维护全球战略稳定，继续推进核裁军，维护核不扩散体系。应增进而不是破坏战略互信，并切实履行相关义务。中国核武库规模非常小，坚持自卫防御的核战略，维持最低限度的核威慑。中国始终奉行在任何时候、任何情况下都不首先使用核武器的政策，无条件地承诺不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器。中国也一直主张全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器。

 傅莹进而提出，应提升全球安全治理，以更好地反映当今世界经济全球化和高度一体化的趋势。例如，有的国家属于以美国为首的军事同盟体系，而有的国家不属于，那么我们有没有共同的安全需求？能否彼此信任？如果视彼此为对手或威胁，会把世界引向何方？中国主张构建人类命运共同体，提出持久和平和普遍安全的概念。各国应在适当的时候开始考虑制定共同的安全原则，避免再以阵营划界。

谈到朝核问题时，傅莹说，朝核问题无疑最为紧迫，其实质是实现共同安全，还是一方追求自己的绝对安全，以损害他国的安全为代价。朝鲜战争结束60多年了，迄今只有停战协议，而没有达成过和平协议。美军及其盟友与朝鲜的军事敌对一直是半岛紧张的根源。朝方视美方的巨大军事压力为对自己存亡的威胁，为实现终极自保走上拥核的道路。由于相关方之间严重缺乏信任，半岛陷入了相互刺激、螺旋下降的恶性循环。她说，中国坚持半岛无核化，严格履行了联合国安理会的制裁决议，同时也主张通过和平谈判解决朝鲜的安全关切。

A serious lack of trust between the United States and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) made it impossible for any bilateral or multilateral agreement to be implemented and dragged the peninsula into a vicious circle of escalating tensions, Fu said.

Both the DPRK and the US need to get onboard if this is to happen, according to Fu. "I think there is a hope attalks. I hope the US will make up its mind... Both sides need to make an effort. One-sided effort will not be enough. Both sides need to trust eachother," she said.

Her comments echoed a strategy paper she wrote for US think tank the Brookings Institution in May 2017. In "The Korean nuclear issue: Past, present, and future – A Chineseperspective," she suggested that serious negotiations "may ease or even resolve" the issue.

傅莹在接受主持人和听众的提问时，围绕中美如何在朝核问题上继续合作答道，在朝核问题上，中美有着许多一致的观点，例如，坚持半岛无核化，主张和平谈判解决问题，认为制裁是必要的手段，中方也全面履行了联合国安理会的制裁决议。但中方也一再强调，制裁的目的是实现和谈，谈起来才能有效果。如今联合国安理会已经通过10项对朝制裁决议，但决议中屡次提及的和平谈判却一直空悬。傅莹说，希望美方此次能抓住平昌奥运会的契机，不要再度错过打开谈判突破口的机会。

眼下，韩朝利用平昌奥运会实现接触，再次点燃和平的希望。两国运动员携手进入开幕式会场的场面感人，令人信服地展示了南北人民渴望和平的强烈愿望。我们都应支持他们，尤其美国不要错过开启和平谈判的机会。否则，形势可能再度进入紧张轨道。

Answering a question on the roles of China and the US on the Korean Peninsula tension, Fu said China and the US agree on many aspects. 

China supports the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and agrees that sanctions are necessary, she said, adding that China has fully complied with the UN Security Council resolutions concerning sanctions on the DPRK.

"But in the mean time, China also hopes that peace talks can be initiated, can be reopened," Fu said. Sanctions only work when the door tonegotiation is open, she stressed.

Interviewed by China Central Television (CCTV) during the MSC, Fu said the PyeongChang Winter Olympics had provided agreat opportunity to resolve the Korean Peninsula nuclear crisis.

The Games have seen a significant inter-Korean detente after the DPRK sent 22 athletes to compete in a unified squad with the Republic of Korea (ROK) as well as an art troupe, cheerleaders,and a delegation of top officials. Kim Yo Jong, younger sister of DPRK leader Kim Jong Un, became the first member of the ruling family to visit the ROK in more than 70 years and delivered an invitation from her brother for ROK President Moon Jae-in to visit the DPRK for talks.

"The Republic of Korea is not the principal part of the Korean Peninsula nuclear tension," Fu told CCTV. "Solving the problem requires both the DPRK and the US to have peace talks."

Fu also met with Choo Mi-ae, chief of the ROK's ruling Democratic Party, on the sidelines of the MSC, according to Yonhap News. Choo has called for China to play a more significant role in resolving the DPRK nuclear tension.

"China has played the role of mediation for a long time and as such, we expect China to exert great power of persuasion," Choo said during the meeting.

在辩论中，针对美国核态势评估涉及国际安全环境变化的观点和所谓来自中国的威胁的说法，傅莹驳斥道，美国不应拿中国作为自己调整核态势的借口。所谓的中国对美国威胁毫无根据。在当前国际形势复杂多变的情况下，中美俄等大国不应互相视对方为战略竞争对手或威胁，应进一步加强对话，增强而不是破坏战略互信。

而这一观点在傅莹参会期间发表在德国媒体上的文章《在动荡不安的世界中，坚守全球化的正确方向》中也得到了体现。

 “美国仍试图习惯性地从传统地缘政治竞争的角度看待中国在全球事务中不断增强的作用，摆出同中国全方位“竞争”的姿态。”傅莹写道，中国并不赞成所谓的“制度竞争。”

“中国选项的出现给世界上那些既希望加快发展又希望保持自身独立性的国家和民族提供了全新选择。但这并不意味着中国要强加于人，输出模式和意识形态，我们不“输出”中国模式，也不会要求别国“复制”中国的做法。”

同时，傅莹再次提出，国际安全需要世界各国的共同努力。

“世界上很多新的全球性挑战不能仅靠一个或者个别国家应对，亟待国际社会共同努力。中国期待在相互尊重和互利的基础上与世界各国建立牢固的、可以适应新形势的伙伴关系。这种伙伴关系将使双方能够更好地完成各自的国内目标，更有能力应对当今世界的诸多挑战。”

对于中国而言，我们不是在真空中追求自身的发展目标，而是需要总体和平的国际环境，需要能与世界其他国家开展更加广泛和全面的合作。

And previously in a signed article to thespecial edition of German Times for the MSC, Fu also wrote about China in globalization.

China's success serves as one of the alternative options to those proposed by the West," yet China is not interested in the so-called 'competition of systems'," writes Fu.

But as China becomes stronger, questionsand worries outside of China emerged.

What does it mean when China vows to "move closer to center stage"? Does it mean China is prepared to replace the United States and playing a "leading role"? When China offers "Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach," is that tantamount to China exporting its development model?

Fu answered to these worries by saying, "We wish to play a role in world affairs and make an even greater contribution to mankind. But it must be done within our means and in a manner consistent with our values."

She emphasized that China has only offered a new option to countries that seek rapid development while retaining their independence, "but this does not mean that China's model and ideology are to be exported."

Regarding the security interests of countries, there are differences between the United States plus its alliance and the countries not belonging to any alliance, she said, adding, "It is therefore important that all countries work together to set out some basic common principles."

Fu said, what China is advocating is in response to "the call of the times."

此次慕尼黑安全会议，年过六十的傅莹以美丽、端庄、睿智的形象以及超强的沟通能力自信地向世界传达出清晰果敢的中国声音，获得盛赞。而此前，这位人称“学霸女神”的外交官也在多个场合演绎过如何优雅地“舌战群豪、见招拆招”。我们这就来摘录几句她的霸气语录。

看看过去这十多年，世界上发生了那么多的冲突，甚至是战争，造成了严重的大量的人员伤亡、财产的损失，那么多难民流离失所，哪个是中国造成的？中国从来没有给任何国家带来任何伤害。

——2017年十二届全国人大五次会议新闻发布会

让北约成员国提高2%的军费开销，这一点有多么多么地重要。但在你谈到亚洲的时候，奇普曼所长，您的发言听起来像是认为亚洲做得太过了？事实上，中国这些年来，一直将国防预算保持在GDP的1.5%。我并不认为我们的国务院打算将这一数字提高到2%，1.5%已经非常足够了。

——2017年第53届慕尼黑安全会议

美国没表现出认真解决实际问题的意愿，即回应朝鲜的安全担忧以确保其无核化，却指望中国去影响朝鲜。

——2017年傅莹于英国《金融时报》撰文

美威胁朝鲜只会让其相信核武是唯一自保之路。

——2017年傅莹于《明镜周刊》撰文

中国是否会争夺世界主导权？大多数中国人都对这个问题不太感兴趣，他们既不愿看到中国与美国争夺世界主导权，更不愿看到中国成为另一个美国。

——2014年亚洲协会对话

我观察，在美国的传统世界里面，国家关系只有两种，要么是俯首称臣、寻求帮助和支持的盟友，要么是需要对抗和打倒的敌人。美国从未有过真正意义上兄弟般的伙伴吧？

——2014年傅莹对话基辛格

我们的国防力量增强了，就是不和平发展了？如果我们国家发展强大，但只有一个很弱的国防力量，我们就和平了？

——2014年十二届全国人大二次会议新闻发布会

中越南海问题中，没有美国的位置。

——2014年香格里拉对话会

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https://www.securityconference.de/en/media-search/s_video/panel-discussion-nuclear-security-out-of-arms-control/s_term/fihn/

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