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Multiple problematisations: The logics governing wet markets in two Chinese cities
Shuru Zhong（中山大学）
Yulin Chen（清华大学）
Guojun Zeng（中山大学）
首次出版时间：2021/7/28｜研究论文
Abstract: Wet markets serve as a cornerstone of food distribution in China but are increasingly being threatened by urban displacement. This study explores the various motivations for local governments in Sanya City and Beijing City to enact aggressive policies limiting wet markets, the dynamic nature of the governing process and the multifaceted impacts such governance has on the everyday practices of vendors and consumers. Drawing upon Foucault’s notion of problematisation, this study found that wet markets have become representations of ‘problems’ such as insanitation and disorder, lowlands of economic revenue and ‘low-skilled industry’. Specific governance is regularly entangled with multiple means of problematisation, shaped and conditioned by forces such as administrative capacity, policy intensity, market configuration, business activism and consumer demand, as well as the interrelationships among them. Current governance is attempting to ‘correct’ wet markets to desired forms, but ignores the holistic value they embed in urban life. Thus, this research suggests more inclusive governance and sustainable development with regards to wet markets.摘要：菜市场是中国食品配送的基石，但日益受到城市驱逐的威胁。本项研究探讨了三亚市和北京市地方政府制定限制菜市场的激进政策的各种动机、治理过程的动态性以及这种治理对菜贩和消费者日常行为的多方面影响。借鉴福柯（Foucault）的问题化概念，本项研究发现菜市场已经成为不卫生和混乱、经济收入低地和“低技能产业”等“问题”的代表。具体的治理经常与多种解决问题的手段纠缠在一起，这些手段是由行政能力、政策强度、市场配置、商家行动和消费者需求以及它们之间的相互关系等力量塑造和制约的。当前的治理试图将菜市场“纠正”成理想的样式，但却忽略了它们在城市生活中注入的整体价值。因此，本项研究建议对菜市场进行更具包容性的治理，以实现其可持续发展。
Keywords: gentrification, governmentality, marketplace, problematisation, urban revanchism, wet market
关键词：绅士化, 政府, 市场, 问题化, 城市复仇主义, 菜市场
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211028115The effect of film production studios on housing prices in Atlanta, the Hollywood of the SouthVelma Zahirovic-Herbert（美国孟菲斯大学）Karen M Gibler（美国乔治亚州立大学）Abstract: Governments compete to attract film productions to their communities, expecting them to provide economic benefits directly through local purchases and employment and indirectly through publicity and image building. Atlanta, Georgia, has become a large film production hub, partially because of a state tax credit programme. As a result, permanent production facilities have been established that may influence surrounding real estate prices. Convenience and a desire to live among other creatives may encourage actors, technical workers and support staff to live nearby, and the film industry cachet may attract additional residents, increasing house prices. However, if the facilities are perceived to be similar to other industrial operations, they may negatively affect surrounding house prices. We investigate film production studios’ effect on residential property values using housing sales data and information on film production studios’ location, size and year established. To mitigate bias from the potential endogeneity of studios’ location choices, we augment the standard hedonic pricing framework to incorporate proximity to a film production studio and construct treatment and comparison groups. Using a spatial difference-in-difference framework, we find that while houses located closest to film production studios tend to sell for lower prices than houses further away, the discount is not attributable to the studios. Instead, the establishment of a new studio, especially a large one, is a positive event in the housing market. These findings have important policy implications for local governments in making decisions about film industry incentives and facilities’ site selection as possible drivers of redevelopment.摘要：各政府竞相将电影制作吸引到自己的社区，期望通过本地采购和就业带来直接的经济效益，并通过宣传和形象建设带来间接的经济利益。佐治亚州的亚特兰大已经成为一个大型电影制作中心，部分原因是该州的税收抵免计划。这导致了当地常设电影制作设施的建立，并可能影响周边房价。生活工作的便利性，以及与其他创意人员生活在一起的愿望可能会鼓励演员、技术人员和支持人员在附近居住，电影业的声望也可能会吸引更多的居民，从而推高房价。然而，如果这些设施被认为类似于其他工业设施，它们可能会对周围的房价产生负面影响。我们利用房屋销售数据和电影制片厂的位置、规模和设立年份方面的信息，研究电影制片厂对住房价格的影响。为了减轻制片厂位置选择的潜在内生性导致的偏差，我们扩大了标准的享乐定价框架（纳入了相对于电影制片厂的邻近性）以构建实验组和对照组。我们使用空间双重差分框架发现，虽然距离电影制片厂最近的房子往往比较远的房子售价更低，但这种折价并不归因于制片厂。相反，一个新的制片厂，尤其是一个大型制片厂的设立，是房地产市场的一个积极事件。这些发现对地方政府制定电影产业激励措施和设施选址决策具有重要的政策意义，因为它们可能带来再开发的机会。
Keywords: cultural industries, externality, filmstudios, hedonic model, house prices
关键词：文化产业, 外部性, 电影制片厂, 享乐模型, 房价
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211024156
Quality of localgovernment and social trust in European cities
Conrad Ziller（德国杜伊斯堡-埃森大学）
Hans-Jürgen Andreß（德国科隆大学）
首次出版时间：2021/8/2｜研究论文
Abstract: Communities are responsible for a range of public services and represent critical experiential contexts for social interactions between residents. However, the role of local governance and public service provision for creating social trust has received limited attention so far. This study examines how quality, efficiency and fairness of local public service provision relates to social trust. Using multilevel models on repeated cross-sectional survey data from the Quality of Life in European Cities project, we test the relationship between time-varying city-level indicators of quality of local government and social trust. The empirical results show that an increase in the dimension of local public service quality is substantially associated with an increase in social trust. We find improvements in sport and leisure facilities as well as the state of public spaces, streets and buildings to be particularly relevant.摘要：社区负责一系列公共服务，是居民之间社会互动的重要体验环境。然而，迄今为止，我们对地方治理和公共服务提供对于建立社会信任的作用的关注较少。本研究考察了地方公共服务提供的质量、效率和公平与社会信任之间的关系。利用欧洲城市生活质量项目重复横截面调查数据的多水平模型，我们检验了地方政府质量的时变城市级指标与社会信任之间的关系。实证研究结果表明，地方公共服务质量维度的提高与社会信任度的提高有很大关联。我们发现体育和休闲设施的改善以及公共空间、街道和建筑的状况尤为重要。Keywords: immigration, infrastructure, localgovernment, public administration, social trust关键词：移民, 基础设施, 地方政府, 公共管理, 社会信任原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211019613
On the conditions of ‘late urbanisation’Abstract: We are living through a global urbantransition, but the timing of this transition has varied significantly across countries and regions. This geographic variation in timing matters, both theoretically and substantively. Yet contemporary debates on urbanism hinge primarily on questions of universalism versus particularism, at the expense of attention to how history and geography collide to shape urban processes. Specifically, they neglect the critical fact that urbanisation in many countries today is late within the context of the global urban transition. We argue that trajectories of contemporary urbanisation must be understood inrelation to a suite of conditions unique to the late 20th and early 21st centuries and partly shaped by early urbanisation, including historically unprecedented demographic intensity, hyperglobalisation, centripetal state politics and the spectre of environmental catastrophe in the late Anthropocene. These factors condition the range of possibilities for late urbanisers in ways that did not apply to early urbanisers yet can also produce diverse outcomes depending on local circumstances. We draw on a comparison between countries in sub-Saharan Africa and China to illustrate why the conditions of late urbanisation matter, but also why they have produced highly variable outcomes and are not deterministic of urban futures.摘要：我们正在经历一场全球城市转型，但这一转型的时机在不同国家和地区有很大差异。这种时机上的地理差异在理论上和实质上都很重要。然而，当代关于城市化的争论主要集中在普遍主义和特殊主义的问题上，忽略了历史和地理如何相互碰撞以塑造城市进程。具体而言，学者们忽略了一个关键事实，即在全球城市转型的背景下，当今许多国家的城市化进程已经滞后。我们认为，必须联系20世纪末和21世纪初特有的一系列条件来理解当代城市化的轨迹，这些条件在一定程度上是由早期城市化形成的，包括历史上前所未有的人口密度、超全球化、向心国家政治和人类世晚期环境灾难的幽灵。这些因素制约着后期城市居民的可能性范围，这些制约因素不适用于早期城市居民，也会因当地情况的不同而产生不同的结果。我们通过对撒哈拉以南非洲国家和中国的比较来说明为什么后期城市化的条件很重要，也说明了为什么它们产生了差异极大的结果，并且对城市的未来而言并不是决定性的。Keywords: Africa, China, cities, global South, late urbanisation, urbanisation, urban transition关键词：非洲, 中国, 城市, 全球南方, 后期城市化, 城市化, 城市转型
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211032654
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