世遗中国再添一处，MTI&CATTI考点，看完就涨分！

2021年7月16日拍摄的第44届世界遗产大会开幕式场馆——福建省福州市海峡文化艺术中心外景。（图片来源：新华社）

在正于中国福州和网上召开的第44届世界遗产大会上，世界遗产委员会今天通过决定，将中国的“泉州：宋元中国的世界海洋商贸中心”、印度的“辉煌的卡卡提亚神庙及牌楼”、伊朗的“伊朗纵贯铁路”和西班牙的“普拉多大道和丽池公园，艺术与科学的景观之地”列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》。

The World Heritage Committee today inscribed Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China (China), Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (India), Trans-Iranian Railway (Iran), and Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences (Spain), on UNESCO's World Heritage List during its 44th session held online and chaired from Fuzhou (China).

大会通过了《福州宣言》，宣言呼吁在多边主义框架内开展更密切的国际合作。
The 44th session of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO has adopted the Fuzhou Declaration, calling for closer international cooperation within the framework of multilateralism.

【知识点】

联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会是政府间组织，成立于1976年11月，负责《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》的实施。委员会每年召开一次会议，主要决定哪些遗产可以录入《世界遗产名录》，对已列入名录的世界遗产的保护工作进行监督指导。中国于1985年加入《世界遗产公约》，成为缔约方。迄今为止，中国两次承办世界遗产大会，分别是2004年6月28日至7月7日在苏州举行的第28届世界遗产大会和2021年7月16日至31日在福州举行的第44届世界遗产大会。
第44届世界遗产大会通过的《福州宣言》重申了世界遗产保护和开展国际合作的重要意义，以及携手努力、共同行动来应对气候变化的必要性。宣言指出，世界遗产作为文化瑰宝和自然珍宝，为促进文明交流互鉴和世界和平与可持续发展作出积极贡献，强调妥善应对各种传统和非传统的挑战，保护世界遗产是全人类共同的责任。宣言呼吁加大对发展中国家，特别是对非洲和小岛屿发展中国家的支持，加强世界遗产的教育、知识的分享和新技术的使用。

中国，泉州：宋元中国的世界海洋商贸中心

China, Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China

该遗址群体现了泉州在宋元时期（公元10-14世纪）作为世界海洋商贸中心的活力，及其与中国腹地的紧密联系。泉州在亚洲海运贸易的这个重要时期蓬勃发展。遗产地包括多座宗教建筑，如始建于公元11世纪的清净寺（中国最早的伊斯兰建筑之一）、伊斯兰教圣墓，以及大量考古遗迹，如行政建筑、具有重要商贸和防御意义的石码头、制瓷和冶铁生产遗址、城市交通网道的构成元素、古桥、宝塔和碑文。在公元10-14世纪的阿拉伯和西方文献中，泉州被称为刺桐。该遗产地还包括一座保留了部分原貌的元代寺庙，以及世界上仅存的摩尼石像。摩尼是摩尼教（又称琐罗亚斯德教）的创始人，该教约于公元6-7世纪传入中国。

The serial site of Quanzhou illustrates the city's vibrancy as a maritime emporium during the Song and Yuan periods (10th - 14th centuries AD) and its interconnection with the Chinese hinterland. Quanzhou thrived during a highly significant period for maritime trade in Asia. The site encompasses religious buildings, including the 11th century AD Qingjing Mosque, one of the earliest Islamic edifices in China, Islamic tombs, and a wide range of archaeological remains: administrative buildings, stone docks that were important for commerce and defence, sites of ceramic and iron production, elements of the city's transportation network, ancient bridges, pagodas, and inscriptions. Known as Zayton in Arabic and western texts of the 10th to 14th centuries AD.

印度，特伦甘纳邦的卡卡提亚王朝卢德什瓦拉（拉玛帕）神庙

India, Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana

卢德什瓦拉，俗称拉玛帕神庙，位于特伦甘纳邦海得拉巴市东北约200公里处的帕拉姆佩特村。它是一个由围墙围绕的建筑群中的主要湿婆神庙，建于卡卡提亚王朝(公元1123-1323年)鲁德拉德瓦（Rudradeva）和鲁德拉（Recharla Rudra）统治时期。这座砂岩神庙始建于公元1213年，据信施工持续了约40年。其特点是由花岗岩和大理岩雕刻而成的梁柱，和一个独特的、金字塔形状的屋顶塔（水平阶梯塔）。塔由被称为“浮砖”的轻质多孔砖搭建而成，从而减轻了屋顶结构的重量。拉玛帕神庙的雕塑具有很高艺术水准，形象地展示了当地的舞蹈习俗及卡卡提亚文化。神庙位于林木茂盛的山丘和农田之中，靠近拉玛帕湖（卡卡提亚时期建造的水库）， 建筑环境的选择遵循达摩经文中的思想和实践，即神庙的建造应成为包括山丘、森林、泉水、溪流、湖泊、集水区和农田在内的自然环境的组成部分。

Rudreshwara, popularly known as Ramappa Temple, is located in the village of Palampet approximately 200km north-east of Hyderabad, in the State of Telangana. It is the main Shiva temple in a walled complex built during the Kakatiyan period (1123–1323 CE) under rulers Rudradeva and Recharla Rudra. Construction of the sandstone temple began in 1213 CE and is believed to have continued over some 40 years. The building features decorated beams and pillars of carved granite and dolerite with a distinctive and pyramidal Vimana (horizontally stepped tower) made of lightweight porous bricks, so-called ‘floating bricks’, which reduced the weight of the roof structures. The temple’s sculptures of high artistic quality illustrate regional dance customs and Kakatiyan culture. Located at the foothills of a forested area and amidst agricultural fields, close to the shores of the Ramappa Cheruvu, a Kakatiya-built water reservoir, the choice of setting for the edifice followed the ideology and practice sanctioned in dharmic texts that temples are to be constructed to form an integral part of a natural setting, including hills, forests, springs, streams, lakes, catchment areas, and agricultural lands.

伊朗，伊朗纵贯铁路

Islamic Republic of Iran, Trans-Iranian Railway

伊朗纵贯铁路联通该国东北部的里海和西南部的波斯湾，穿越2座山脉以及众多河流、高原、森林和平原，跨4个气候区。这条全长1394公里的铁路始建于1927年，于1938年竣工，其设计和建造是伊朗政府与来自多个国家的43家建筑承包商成功合作的结果。这条铁路以其规模和克服陡峭路线和其它困难所需的工程而闻名。崎岖的地形导致铺设工作涉及多处大规模的山体切割，以及建造174座大型桥梁、186座小型桥梁和224条隧道，其中包括11条螺旋隧道。与大多数早期铁路项目不同，伊朗纵贯铁路的建设资金来源于国家税收，以避免外国投资和控制。

The Trans-Iranian Railway connects the Caspian Sea in the northeast with the Persian Gulf in the southwest crossing two mountain ranges as well as rivers, highlands, forests and plains, and four different climatic areas. Started in 1927 and completed in 1938, the 1,394-kilometre-long railway was designed and executed in a successful collaboration between the Iranian government and 43 construction contractors from many countries. The railway is notable for its scale and the engineering works it required to overcome steep routes and other difficulties. Its construction involved extensive mountain cutting in some areas, while the rugged terrain in others dictated the construction of 174 large bridges, 186 small bridges and 224 tunnels, including 11 spiral tunnels. Unlike most early railway projects, construction of the Trans-Iranian Railway was funded by national taxes to avoid foreign investment and control.

西班牙，普拉多大道和丽池公园，艺术与科学的景观之地

Spain, Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences

这个占地200公顷的文化景观位于马德里的城市中心，自西班牙式林荫大道的原型普拉多大道于16世纪落成以来不断发展。大道的特色是大型喷泉（尤其是大地女神喷泉和海神喷泉），以及被知名建筑环绕的城市地标大地女神广场。该遗产地体现了18世纪开明专制主义时期对城市空间和发展的新理念，艺术和科学领域的建筑与工业、医疗保健和研究用途的建筑相得益彰，共同阐释了西班牙帝国鼎盛时期人们对乌托邦社会的渴望。面积120公顷的丽池花园是建于17世纪的布恩·丽池宫的遗迹，是该遗产区最大的组成部分，展示了从19世纪至今的多种园林风格。遗产地还包含错落有致的皇家植物园和多为民居的耶罗尼姆斯街区，那里有丰富多样的19-20世纪建筑，其中也包括文化场所。

Located at the urban heart of Madrid, the 200-hectare cultural landscape evolved since the creation of the tree-lined Paseo del Prado avenue, a prototype of the Hispanic alameda, in the 16th century. The avenue features major fountains, notably the Fuente de Cibeles and the Fuente de Neptuno, and the Plaza de Cibeles, an iconic symbol of the city, surrounded by prestigious buildings. The site embodies a new idea of urban space and development from the enlightened absolutist period of the 18th century. Buildings dedicated to the arts and sciences join others in the site that are devoted to industry, healthcare and research. Collectively, they illustrate the aspiration for a utopian society during the height of the Spanish Empire. The 120-hectare Jardines del Buen Retiro (Garden of Pleasant Retreat), a remnant of the 17th-century Buen Retiro Palace, constitutes the largest part of the property displaying different gardening styles from the 19th century to the present. The site also houses the terraced Royal Botanical Garden and the largely residential neighbourhood of Barrio Jerónimos with its rich variety of 19th- and 20th-century buildings that include cultural venues.

【重要讲话】

世界文化和自然遗产是人类文明发展和自然演进的重要成果，也是促进不同文明交流互鉴的重要载体。保护好、传承好、利用好这些宝贵财富，是我们的共同责任，是人类文明赓续和世界可持续发展的必然要求。
The world's cultural and natural heritage is an important outcome of the development of human civilization and natural evolution, and an important vehicle for the exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations. To well protect, inherit and make good use of these precious treasures is our shared responsibility, and is of vital importance to the continuity of human civilization and the sustainable development of the world.
——2021年7月16日，习近平致第44届世界遗产大会的贺信

【相关词汇】

文化和自然遗产
cultural and natural heritage非物质文化遗产
intangible cultural heritage人类命运共同体
community with a shared future for humanity世界遗产名录World Heritage List“泉州：宋元中国的世界海洋商贸中心”"Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China" 本次泉州申遗项目的遗产整体由22处代表性古迹遗址及其关联环境构成。The serial property includes 22 sites of administrative buildings and structures, religious buildings, and statues. 我国世界遗产总数达56项The total number of China's UNESCO World Heritage sites now stands at 56. 第44届世界遗产大会the 44th session of the World Heritage Committee

内容整理自：新华网、中国日报、北京周报

猜你喜欢