GPT-4将重点影响白领高薪岗位？！取代不了的行业有哪些？

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ChatGPT火了以后，近日，千位大佬联名建议AI不扩散条约【暂停超强AI训练6个月】，又在互联网上炸开了锅。

狼来了，还不止一只。潘多拉的魔盒打开之后，人们应该担忧的不是AI何时何种程度地取代自己的工作，而是如何与AI共存。

今天的推送主题→ 最近一项研究显示，未来几年ChatGPT等人工智能系统将影响美国高达80%的工作岗位，风险最高的行业如下：竟然是一些高薪行业，而理发师等低薪行业并不受影响。一起看具体内容吧~ 

注：本文中文翻译由GPT-4生成，大家感受下~ 

在美国，受ChatGPT影响最大的行业

ChatGPT-like AI systems will impact 80 percent of US jobs, with personal financial advisors and brokers, insurers and data processors at the top of the list.

像ChatGPT这样的人工智能系统将影响美国80％的工作，个人理财顾问和经纪人、保险公司和数据处理器位列榜首。

The warning comes from an official study by OpenAI - the makers of ChatGPT - and the University of Pennsylvania.

这个警告来自OpenAI（ChatGPT的制造商）和宾夕法尼亚大学的一项官方研究。

The team found that about 15 percent of all worker tasks could be completed significantly faster by AI and with the same level of quality.

该团队发现，约15％的所有工人任务可以通过人工智能显著更快地完成，并具有相同的质量水平。

The most 'exposure' falls on white color jobs, such as mathematicians, accountants and writers, and occupations making at least $80,000 a year.

最大的“暴露”落在白领工作上，例如数学家、会计师和作家，以及年薪至少为80,000美元的职业。

The warning comes from researchers at OpenAI and the University of Pennsylvania, who investigated whether the technology could complete tasks faster than humans. 'Exposure' means how much AI will impact a job

这个警告来自OpenAI和宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员，他们调查了这项技术是否能够比人类更快地完成任务。“暴露”意味着人工智能将对工作产生多大影响。

图片来源@openAI

图片翻译by微信

ChatGPT可以做哪些事情？GPT代表什么？

Fears of software eliminating human jobs have recently made waves across the globe following the launch of ChatGPT in November and its ability to perform eerily-human professional tasks such as writing emails and resumes.

最近，ChatGPT的推出引起了全球范围内对软件取代人类工作的担忧。ChatGPT可以执行类似于写电子邮件和简历等职业任务的工作，这些工作看起来非常像人类。

OpenAI researcher Pamela Mishkin, who was involved in the study, tweeted: 'Today's GPTs can do a lot. 

参与研究的OpenAI研究员Pamela Mishkin在推特上写道：“今天的GPT可以做很多事情。”

'Over the past few years we've seen them get better and better at solving more and more complex tasks with fewer and fewer examples of less and less related tasks.'

“在过去的几年中，我们看到它们在解决越来越复杂的任务时变得越来越好，而且需要的示例越来越少，与任务相关性也越来越小。”

 'The paper examines this trend not any particular model available today.'

“这篇论文研究了这一趋势，而不是今天可用的任何特定模型。”

The 'GPT' in ChatGPT stands for generative pre-trained transformer, an LLM architecture with game-changing abilities across a variety of generative tasks. 

ChatGPT中的“GPT”代表生成式预训练变压器，这是一种具有颠覆性能力的LLM架构，可在各种生成任务中发挥作用。

该结论可信吗？报告数据来源

The study analyzed 1,016 occupations and their 19,265 tasks and obtained employment and wage data from the 2020 and 2021 Occupational Employment series provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

该研究分析了1016个职业及其19265个任务，并从劳工统计局提供的2020年和2021年职业就业系列中获得了就业和工资数据。

The team then cross-analyzed the data with AI capabilities to see which positions could run smoother when done by the technology.

然后，该团队使用AI能力交叉分析数据，以查看哪些职位在由技术完成时可以更顺畅地运行。

The overall findings show 'at least 10 percent of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMs, while approximately 19 percent of workers may see at least 50 percent of their tasks impacted,' reads the study published in arXiv.

该研究发表在arXiv上，总体发现“至少有10％的工作任务受到LLM引入的影响，而约有19％的工人可能会看到至少50％的任务受到影响。”

The team looked at exposure when formulating the list of jobs at risk, which included basic skills of occupations like active listening, speaking and critical thinking that Ai is designed to perform.

该团队在制定风险职业列表时考虑了暴露情况，其中包括人工智能旨在执行的职业的基本技能，例如积极倾听、讲话和批判性思维。

风险较高的行业V.S.不受影响的职业

The study determined 86 occupations as 'fully exposed' to AI, with several receiving 100 percent scores.

该研究确定了86个职业“完全暴露”于人工智能，其中有几个获得了100％的分数。

These include legal secretaries, clinical data managers, web designers and journalists.

这些职业包括法律秘书、临床数据经理、网页设计师和记者。

However, graphic designers, marketing strategists and financial managers received less than 15 percent.

然而，平面设计师、营销策略师和财务经理的受影响程度不到15％。

Lower-paying jobs, like dishwashers, electricians and barbers, are also safe from AI.

洗碗工、电工和理发师等低薪工作也不会受到人工智能的影响。

And even though pharmacists, lawyers and astronomers have a median income of $81,980, these occupations were also not found to have high exposure.

即使药剂师、律师和天文学家的中位收入为81,980美元，但这些职业也没有发现具有高度暴露性。

ChatGPT：新的工具or新的威胁？

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman has previously said ChatGPT should be viewed as a tool, not a replacement for the human worker.

OpenAI首席执行官Sam Altman此前曾表示，ChatGPT应被视为一种工具，而不是人类工作者的替代品。

But the latest findings suggest otherwise.

但最新的研究结果表明情况并非如此。

The OpenAI research paper echoes another paper led by Princeton University that found 20 jobs at risk of the technology.

OpenAI的研究论文呼应了普林斯顿大学领导的另一篇论文，该论文发现有20个职位面临技术风险。

The team conducted the research by linking 10 AI-powered applications - such as language - to 52 human abilities to understand if any closely relate.

该团队通过将10个人工智能驱动的应用程序（例如语言）与52种人类能力联系起来来进行研究，以了解是否存在任何密切相关的能力。

The results showed that telemarketers, teachers, school psychologists and judges are among the most at risk of the new technology.

结果显示，电话销售员、教师、学校心理学家和法官是最容易受到新技术威胁的人员之一。

In that study, the 10 AI applications included: Abstract strategy games, real-time video games, image recognition, visual question answering, image generation, reading comprehension, translation, speech recognition, and instrumental track recognition. 

在那项研究中，10个人工智能应用程序包括：抽象策略游戏、实时视频游戏、图像识别、视觉问答、图像生成、阅读理解、翻译、语音识别和器乐曲目识别。

And the 52 human abilities - obtained from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database used by the US Department of Labor to describe over 800 occupations - included examples such as oral comprehension, oral expression, inductive reasoning, and arm-hand steadiness.

而从美国劳工部用于描述800多种职业的职业信息网络（O * NET）数据库中获得的52种人类能力包括口头理解、口头表达、归纳推理和手臂稳定性等示例。

文章来源：https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11907527/Up-80-PERCENT-jobs-impacted-ChatGPT-like-AI-coming-years-study-warns.html

 

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