访问学者 | 赴美访学专业及学科如何匹配之教育专业
据教育部官网，截止2017年5月31日，全国高等学校共计2914所，其中普通高校2631所。
另外，据统计，国家留学基金委2017年公派访问学者数字12800人。这些公派访问学者中，大部分来自中国高校。
同时，所有这2914所中国高校里，各师范大学的高校教师对访问学者的需求总体很强烈，每年师范类大学的高校教师出国访学人数很多；加上，我们中小学学校的在校教师，也越来越多人想要利用出国访学的机会，来进一步提升自己在教育教学上的理念和水平。
对于如此众多的教育界同行，在赴海外访学时，首先要了解的是，教师们所从事的教育专业，以及教育相关学科在国外哪些学校可以联系去访学？哪些学校的教育类专业比较强？这些学校里又有哪些导师可以申请做为自己的访学或留学导师？这就要从认真了解国外高校教育专业的设置来开始了。
中外高等教育学科设置虽大同小异，但只有准确了解了留学或访学目的国家的“学科专业目录表”的官方标准，才可以准确定位自己的专业在国外高校里的学科及专业的英文关键词，也才能找到适合自己的海外高校和外方导师。
我们以留学或访学的最大目的国~美国为例，来解读美国教育类专业学科目录，以便各位有意在教育专业进行交流访问的访问学者申请者对号入座，快速找到自己留学或访学的教育类专业及学科英文关键词，通过这个准确的关键词，在网上或者《访问学者外导数据库》输入教育类专业及学科英文关键词，以及对美国访学目标学校排名及所在州的选择，就可以分分钟找到适合自己的教育类专业外方导师了。
一、为了便于我们教育类访问学者对照，我们把教育部认可的美国高校学科专业目录里的教育学类的学科及专业中文版摘录如下，供大家定位自己访学专业：
二、在上述美国高校教育类专业及学科分类表基础上，大家可以准确找到自己赴美访学的美国高校对应的教育类专业及学科，那么这些教育类专业及学科在美国高校学科设置目录里的准确英文表述可从下述教育类专业及学科英文目录中定位，请注意，下述教育类专业和学科和上述教育部认可的美国高校教育类专业及学科中文版是一一对应的：
13) EDUCATION.
o 13.01) Education, General.
§ 13.0101) Education, General.
o 13.02) Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education.
§ 13.0201) Bilingual and Multilingual Education.
§ 13.0202) Multicultural Education.
§ 13.0203) Indian/Native American Education.
§ 13.0299) Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other.
o 13.03) Curriculum and Instruction.
§ 13.0301) Curriculum and Instruction.
o 13.04) Educational Administration and Supervision.
§ 13.0401) Educational Leadership and Administration, General.
§ 13.0402) Administration of Special Education.
§ 13.0403) Adult and Continuing Education Administration.
§ 13.0404) Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision.
§ 13.0406) Higher Education/Higher Education Administration.
§ 13.0407) Community College Education.
§ 13.0408) Elementary and Middle School Administration/Principalship.
§ 13.0409) Secondary School Administration/Principalship.
§ 13.0410) Urban Education and Leadership.
§ 13.0411) Superintendency and Educational System Administration.
§ 13.0499) Educational Administration and Supervision, Other.
o 13.05) Educational/Instructional Media Design.
§ 13.0501) Educational/Instructional Technology.
o 13.06) Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research.
§ 13.0601) Educational Evaluation and Research.
§ 13.0603) Educational Statistics and Research Methods.
§ 13.0604) Educational Assessment, Testing, and Measurement.
§ 13.0607) Learning Sciences.
§ 13.0699) Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research, Other.
o 13.07) International and Comparative Education.
§ 13.0701) International and Comparative Education.
o 13.09) Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education.
§ 13.0901) Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education.
o 13.10) Special Education and Teaching.
§ 13.1001) Special Education and Teaching, General.
§ 13.1003) Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including Deafness.
§ 13.1004) Education/Teaching of the Gifted and Talented.
§ 13.1005) Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances.
§ 13.1006) Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation.
§ 13.1007) Education/Teaching of Individuals with Multiple Disabilities.
§ 13.1008) Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical Health Impairments.
§ 13.1009) Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments Including Blindness.
§ 13.1011) Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities.
§ 13.1012) Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments.
§ 13.1013) Education/Teaching of Individuals with Autism.
§ 13.1014) Education/Teaching of Individuals Who are Developmentally Delayed.
§ 13.1015) Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs.
§ 13.1016) Education/Teaching of Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injuries.
§ 13.1017) Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education Programs.
§ 13.1018) Education/Teaching of Individuals in Junior High/Middle School Special Education Programs.
§ 13.1019) Education/Teaching of Individuals in Secondary Special Education Programs.
§ 13.1099) Special Education and Teaching, Other.
o 13.11) Student Counseling and Personnel Services.
§ 13.1101) Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services.
§ 13.1102) College Student Counseling and Personnel Services.
§ 13.1199) Student Counseling and Personnel Services, Other.
o 13.12) Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods.
§ 13.1201) Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching.
§ 13.1202) Elementary Education and Teaching.
§ 13.1203) Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching.
§ 13.1205) Secondary Education and Teaching.
§ 13.1206) Teacher Education, Multiple Levels.
§ 13.1207) Montessori Teacher Education.
§ 13.1208) Waldorf/Steiner Teacher Education.
§ 13.1209) Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching.
§ 13.1210) Early Childhood Education and Teaching.
§ 13.1299) Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods, Other.
o 13.13) Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas.
§ 13.1301) Agricultural Teacher Education.
§ 13.1302) Art Teacher Education.
§ 13.1303) Business Teacher Education.
§ 13.1304) Driver and Safety Teacher Education.
§ 13.1305) English/Language Arts Teacher Education.
§ 13.1306) Foreign Language Teacher Education.
§ 13.1307) Health Teacher Education.
§ 13.1308) Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education.
§ 13.1309) Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education.
§ 13.1310) Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher Education.
§ 13.1311) Mathematics Teacher Education.
§ 13.1312) Music Teacher Education.
§ 13.1314) Physical Education Teaching and Coaching.
§ 13.1315) Reading Teacher Education.
§ 13.1316) Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education.
§ 13.1317) Social Science Teacher Education.
§ 13.1318) Social Studies Teacher Education.
§ 13.1319) Technical Teacher Education.
§ 13.1320) Trade and Industrial Teacher Education.
§ 13.1321) Computer Teacher Education.
§ 13.1322) Biology Teacher Education.
§ 13.1323) Chemistry Teacher Education.
§ 13.1324) Drama and Dance Teacher Education.
§ 13.1325) French Language Teacher Education.
§ 13.1326) German Language Teacher Education.
§ 13.1327) Health Occupations Teacher Education.
§ 13.1328) History Teacher Education.
§ 13.1329) Physics Teacher Education.
§ 13.1330) Spanish Language Teacher Education.
§ 13.1331) Speech Teacher Education.
§ 13.1332) Geography Teacher Education.
§ 13.1333) Latin Teacher Education.
§ 13.1334) School Librarian/School Library Media Specialist.
§ 13.1335) Psychology Teacher Education.
§ 13.1337) Earth Science Teacher Education.
§ 13.1338) Environmental Education.
§ 13.1399) Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other.
o 13.14) Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language.
§ 13.1401) Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor.
§ 13.1402) Teaching French as a Second or Foreign Language.
§ 13.1499) Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, Other.
o 13.15) Teaching Assistants/Aides.
§ 13.1501) Teacher Assistant/Aide.
§ 13.1502) Adult Literacy Tutor/Instructor.
§ 13.1599) Teaching Assistants/Aides, Other.
o 13.99) Education, Other.
§ 13.9999) Education, Other.
三、有了这些教育类专业及学科设置目录中英文对照表，便可以快速通过学校官网或《访问学者外导数据库》快速匹配适合自己的留学或访学外方导师了。
例如：一位老师朋友的专业是“教育类的课程与教学论”，根据美国上述教育类专业和学科目录，找到美国高校“教育类的课程与教学论”的对应专业英文关键词是学科代码13.03下的“Curriculum and instruction”，这样的话，我们就可以登录目标美国高校的官网，查询这个学科专业的相关导师就可以，但这个过程往往会花费很多时间一个学校一个学校去查询和了解，有的时候因为VPN的原因在国内还无法打开国外高校的网站，为了解决这个难题，中国教育战略学会人才专委会发起会员单位、中国教育在线学术桥把所有美国高校可接待访问学者的导师资料集中起来，建立了《访问学者外导数据库》，这个时候，我们的访问学者申请者只需要把这个英文专业关键词“Curriculum and instruction”输入，并选择自己想要的目标高校排名及所在地区，就可以瞬间搜索到所匹配的所有外导，当然，如需要更多，只需要更改搜索关键词和搜索范围即可。
继续以上述关键词为例，选择的目标高校是根据USNews，美国高校排名前30的高校，我们匹配到了28位这个学科相关的外方导师，以显示的第一位导师为例，搜索结果包含了：
导师姓名、所在学校（第一位是哈佛大学的导师）、按照福布斯和USNews的大学排名、学校地址、导师电话、邮箱、该导师相关论文被引用次数、该导师研究兴趣、导师最新发表的论文清单等，如需了解更多外导信息，只需要点击导师的姓名，就可以看到导师的个人简历及其他更多学术相关信息。依然以这个关键词为例，来看所匹配的第一位外导的相关信息，下图供大家参考。
相信这些信息是所有访问学者申请者在申请时都需要的外导相关信息。访问学者申请者可以确定是否适合自己，从而决定是否向导师提出申请。
当然，有了外方导师的相关信息，申请者也需要对自己和外导的情况做一个全面的评估，以及进一步了解导师目前是否已招满所需要的访问学者？今年有没有时间继续接待访问学者？导师目前正在或即将开展的研究项目等和访问学者申请者的履历及访学课题是否关联等？中国教育在线的访学和留学申请团队会进一步协助访问学者申请者做出更合理的建议。
凡事说得好，经历过一次，也算得上半个“专家”了，非常愿意和大家分享，让有兴趣的同行少走弯路，大家想知道什么问题，也可以在下面的留言表留言，在接下来的分享过程中，结合美国访问学者申请的合适阶段和大家分享并解答大家的问题。
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