耶鲁大学被要求改名？

LearnAndRecord 2022-07-26

近日，“取消耶鲁”（#CancelYale）在国外社交媒体上登上了热搜榜单，只因有人指出耶鲁大学（Yale University）的创始人伊利胡·耶鲁（Elihu Yale）不仅是奴隶主，还是奴隶贩子。

无注释原文：

Movement To Rename Yale University Goes Viral On Twitter After It Is Revealed The Founder Was A Slave Trader

INQUISITR

A movement seeking to “cancel Yale” has gone viral on social media after it was revealed that the founder of the prestigious university, Elihu Yale, was not only a slave owner but also a slave trader. The viral movement comes as the United States faces a growing pressure to address examples of institutional racism following Black Lives Matter protests in honor of George Floyd.

The hashtag that spurred the discussion — #CancelYale — has received more than 50,000 tweets as of Saturday evening. Many of those tweeting about the subject have expressed their shock at the sordid history surrounding the school’s namesake.

However, a large number of the tweets using the hashtag came from right-wing accounts. Liberal critics have claimed that such social media users are not using the hashtag out of genuine concern but rather as a political stunt. In fact, one of the original tweets that served as the catalyst for the hashtag was posted by Jesse Kelly, the host of a conservative talk show.

“Yale University was named for Elihu Yale. Not just a man who had slaves. An actual slave trader. I call on Yale to change it’s name immediately,” Kelly wrote in a tweet.

Back in 2017, Yale changed the name of the residential John C. Calhoun college after students raised objections over Calhoun’s slaveholding past and white supremacist views. However, an article in the Wall Street Journal noted that despite condemning its association with Calhoun, Yale did not address a number of other alumni with similar pasts.

“Calhoun owned slaves. But so did Timothy Dwight, Calhoun’s mentor at Yale, who has a college named in his honor. So did Benjamin Silliman, who also gives his name to a residential college, and whose mother was the largest slave owner in Fairfield County, Conn. So did Ezra Stiles, John Davenport and even Jonathan Edwards, all of whom have colleges named in their honor at Yale,” the article stated.

Some of the tweets who took the matter seriously pointed out that the college’s large endowment should be used to help pay for the tuition of students of color. Others demanded that the statue of Elihu Yale, which is positioned in the middle of the New Haven campus, be taken down.

Should the statue be removed, it would be the latest in a long line of historical monuments either taken down with government approval or taken down by force during community protests. As was previously reported by The Inquisitr, one such example is the statue of a Confederate General taken down by civilians in North Carolina. The protestors not only dismantled the statue but also hung pieces of his body on a lamp post.

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含注释全文：

Movement To Rename Yale University Goes Viral On Twitter After It Is Revealed The Founder Was A Slave Trader

INQUISITR

在这所著名大学的创始人伊利胡·耶鲁（Elihu Yale）不仅是奴隶主，还是奴隶贩子的消息被披露后，一场寻求“取消耶鲁”（cancel Yale）的运动在社交媒体上疯传。继为纪念乔治·弗洛伊德（George Floyd）开展的“黑人的命也是命”（Black Lives Matter）抗议活动之后，美国面临越来越多的压力要求解决体制性种族主义的例子。

go viral

出镜率超级高的一个表达，老朋友可以直接跳过这一段。go viral字面意思就是“像病毒一样传播、扩散”，引申为“走红，十分流行，疯狂传播”，比如朋友圈xxx刷屏了，也可以说go viral，“（通过网络在个体之间迅速）病毒式的（传播）”，英文解释为“used to describe something that quickly becomes very popular or well known by being published on the internet or sent from person to person by email, phone, etc.”举个🌰：

Within days the film clip went viral.

几天内这段电影视频便病毒式地传开了。

比如：

📍前阵子的黄瓜新吃法，难道只有我不知道？文中的标题和第一段就都出现了viral.

📍微博热搜回来了文中也刚提到那条微博火了以后，Soon after the post went viral, netizens noticed the disappearance of related info ...

prestigious

prestigious /prɛˈstɪdʒəs/ 表示“有威望的，有声望的，有威信的”，英文解释为“A prestigious institution, job, or activity is respected and admired by people.”如：a prestigious literary award 享有盛名的文学奖，举个🌰：

It's one of the best equipped and most prestigious schools in the country.

它是该国设备最好、最有声望的学校之一。

The hashtag that spurred the discussion — #CancelYale — has received more than 50,000 tweets as of Saturday evening. Many of those tweeting about the subject have expressed their shock at the sordid history surrounding the school's namesake.

截至星期六晚上，引发讨论的话题标签#CancelYale已有50,000多条推文。许多发表有关该话题推文的人都对学校同名的肮脏历史表示震惊。

spur /spɜː/

1）表示“鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：

It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats.

是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。

2）表示“促进，使更快发生；加速”，英文解释为“If something spurs a change or event, it makes it happen faster or sooner.”举个🌰：

The administration may put more emphasis on spurring economic growth.

政府可能会更加重视经济的加快增长。

🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。

类似的还有：

📍spark表示“引发”，英文解释为“If one thing sparks another, the first thing cause the second thing to start happening.”举个🌰：

My teacher organized a unit on computer science that really sparked my interest.

我的老师编排了一个关于计算机科学的单元，它真正激发了我的兴趣。

📍 stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”，举个🌰：

The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination.

这首诗能够激发起想象力。

📍 provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。

sordid /ˈsɔːdɪd/

1）表示“卑鄙的；不诚实的”，英文解释为“If you describe someone's behaviour as sordid, you mean that it is immoral or dishonest.”举个🌰：

He sat with his head buried in his hands as his sordid double life was revealed.

当他卑鄙的两面生活被揭发时，他双手掩面地坐着。

2）表示“肮脏的”，英文解释为“If you describe a place as sordid, you mean that it is dirty, unpleasant, or depressing.”如：the attic windows of their sordid little rooms 他们那些肮脏小屋的阁楼窗户。

🎬电影《刺杀肯尼迪》（JFK）中的台词提到：You have me consorting with a sordid cast of characters. 你把我和一群混混相提并论。

namesake

表示“同名的人；同名物”，英文解释为“Someone's or something's namesake has the same name as they do.”举个🌰：

The town of Breckenridge and its namesake ski area could prosper under the plan.

按照这一方案，布雷肯里奇镇及与其同名的滑雪区将会繁荣起来。

然而，大量使用该话题的推文都来自右翼账号。自由派批评人士称，这类社交媒体用户使用该话题并非出于真正的关注，而是一种政治噱头。事实上，催生该话题的原始推文之一由保守派脱口秀主持人杰西·凯利（Jesse Kelly）发布的。

right-wing

表示“右翼的；右派的”，英文解释为“A right-wing person or group has conservative or capitalist views.”

stunt

1）作名词，表示“引人注目的噱头”，英文解释为“A stunt is something interesting that is done in order to attract attention and get publicity for the person or company responsible for it.”如：如：a stunt pilot 特技飞行员，a publicity stunt 宣传噱头。举个🌰：

In a bold promotional stunt for the movie, he smashed his car into a passing truck.

在那部影片大胆的宣传噱头中，他把自己的汽车撞向一辆过路的卡车。

2）作名词，表示“（电影中的）特技动作”，英文解释为“A stunt is a dangerous and exciting piece of action in a movie.”举个🌰：

He insisted on living dangerously for his new film by performing his own stunts.

他坚持通过为他的新影片表演他自己的特技动作而冒险。

3）作动词，表示“阻碍”，英文解释为“If something stunts the growth or development of a person or thing, it prevents it from growing or developing as much as it should.”举个🌰：

The heart condition had stunted his growth a bit.

心脏病已经有点儿阻碍他的发育。

📍 此前在俄网红庆生往浴池倒约30公斤干冰文中提到，许多人在那一出闹剧中受伤时，就出现过这一表达，Several people were injured during the stunt.

📍 而沙特石油公司让印度员工装扮成洗手液一文中也称这事为stunt, 原文：The oil giant explained that the stunt was an attempt to "emphasise the importance of sterilisation" in light of the coronavirus outbreak.

catalyst

catalyst /ˈkætəlɪst/ 原意表示“催化剂”（a substance that makes a chemical reaction happen faster without being changed itself），此处有“促使变化的人；引发变化的因素”的含义，英文解释为“a person or thing that causes a change”举个🌰：

I see my role as being a catalyst for change.

我认为我的角色是促成变革。

📍 今年政府工作报告Part 15中就出现类似的说法，以开放促改革促发展 make opening up a catalyst for reform and development，字面意思就是：让开放成为改革和发展的催化剂，以...(sth.) 促进 ... 就可以说：make sth. a catalyst for ...

“Yale University was named for Elihu Yale. Not just a man who had slaves. An actual slave trader. I call on Yale to change it’s name immediately,” Kelly wrote in a tweet.

“耶鲁大学是以伊利胡·耶鲁（Elihu Yale）的名字命名的。不仅是个奴隶主，还是个真正的奴隶贩子。我呼吁耶鲁大学立即改名。”凯利（Kelly）在推特上写道。

Back in 2017, Yale changed the name of the residential John C. Calhoun college after students raised objections over Calhoun's slaveholding past and white supremacist views. However, an article in the Wall Street Journal noted that despite condemning its association with Calhoun, Yale did not address a number of other alumni with similar pasts.

早在2017年，耶鲁大学就因学生们对卡尔霍恩（Calhoun）的奴隶贩子历史和白人至上主义观点提出反对意见，而将寄宿制约翰-C-卡尔霍恩（John C. Calhoun）学院改名。然而，《华尔街日报》（the Wall Street Journal）的一篇文章指出，尽管谴责它与卡尔霍恩的联系，但耶鲁大学并没有解决其他一些有类似历史过去的校友。

📍相关背景：2017年，耶鲁大学卡尔霍恩学院（Calhoun College）改名为格雷斯霍珀学院（Grace Hopper College），卡尔霍恩（Calhoun）是一名强硬的奴隶制拥护者。

residential

residential /ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/ 表示“寄宿制的”，英文解释为“A residential institution is one where people live while they are studying there or being cared for there.”如：a residential college，住宿学院制，是一种先进的学生社区管理模式，即“不同专业、年级混住”，耶鲁等国际一流大学均采用这种办法。

supremacist

supremacist /sʊˈprɛməsɪst/ 表示“种族优越论者”，英文解释为“a person who believes that their own race is better than others and should be in power”如：a white supremacist 白人至上主义者。

alumni

表示“（统称）校友，毕业生”，英文解释为“the former male and female students of a school, college or university”如：Harvard Alumni Association 哈佛大学校友会。

“Calhoun owned slaves. But so did Timothy Dwight, Calhoun's mentor at Yale, who has a college named in his honor. So did Benjamin Silliman, who also gives his name to a residential college, and whose mother was the largest slave owner in Fairfield County, Conn. So did Ezra Stiles, John Davenport and even Jonathan Edwards, all of whom have colleges named in their honor at Yale,” the article stated.

“卡尔霍恩（Calhoun）拥有奴隶。但卡尔霍恩（Calhoun）在耶鲁的导师蒂莫西·德怀特（Timothy Dwight）也是如此，有一所学院以他的名字命名。本杰明·西利曼（Benjamin Silliman）也是如此，他也以自己的名字命名了一所寄宿制学院，他的母亲是康州费尔菲尔德县最大的奴隶主。埃兹拉·斯蒂尔斯、约翰·达文波特甚至乔纳森·爱德华兹也是如此，在耶鲁都有以他们的名字命名的学院。”文章称。

Some of the tweets who took the matter seriously pointed out that the college's large endowment should be used to help pay for the tuition of students of color. Others demanded that the statue of Elihu Yale, which is positioned in the middle of the New Haven campus, be taken down.

一些推文指出，该大学的巨额捐赠应用于帮助支付有色人种学生的学费。其他人则要求拆除位于纽黑文校园中部的伊利胡·耶鲁（Elihu Yale）雕像。

endowment

表示“ 捐款；捐赠；资助”，英文解释为“money that is given to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income; the act of giving this money”

句子拆解

📍原句：Others demanded that the statue of Elihu Yale, which is positioned in the middle of the New Haven campus, be taken down.

📍划重点：Others demanded that {the statue of Elihu Yale, [which is positioned in the middle of the New Haven campus,] be taken down}.

主语：Others demanded that {____}.

谓语：demand，强烈要求，要求什么？

宾语：demand后面跟了宾语从句that {....}，要求的内容在that之后，the statue of Elihu Yale, which is positioned in the middle of the New Haven campus, be taken down.

同时，宾语部分嵌套了一个定语从句：

先行词：the statue（/ˈstætjuː/ 雕像，塑像）

引导词：which，

解释：要求Elihu Yale的雕像被移除（be taken down），哪里的雕像？which is positioned in the middle of the New Haven campus. 位于纽黑文校园中间的雕像。

语法点：有人可能疑惑？去掉定语从句，原句变成：Others demanded that {the statue of Elihu Yale be taken down. 为什么用be？实际上省略了should. 应该是demand that sb. (should) do sth.

类似的动词还有：suggest / order / demand / require / request / insist / propose / command / recommend / ...

📍字面意思：还有人要求拆除位于纽黑文校园中央的伊利胡·耶鲁（Elihu Yale）的雕像。

Should the statue be removed, it would be the latest in a long line of historical monuments either taken down with government approval or taken down by force during community protests. As was previously reported by The Inquisitr, one such example is the statue of a Confederate General taken down by civilians in North Carolina. The protestors not only dismantled the statue but also hung pieces of his body on a lamp post.

如果这座雕像被拆除，它将是要么在政府批准下被拆除，要么在社区抗议中被强行拆除的一系列历史遗迹中最新的一座。正如The Inquisitr此前报道的那样，北卡罗来纳州（North Carolina）被拆掉的南方邦联将军雕像就是其中一个例子。抗议者不仅拆除了雕像，还将雕像碎片挂在灯柱上。

a lamp post 路灯柱；灯杆

dismantle

1）表示“拆除”，英文解释为“If you dismantle a machine or structure, you carefully separate it into its different parts.”举个🌰：

I had to dismantle the engine in order to repair it.

我得把发动机拆开来修理。

2）表示“逐步废除”，英文解释为“To dismantle an organization or system means to cause it to stop functioning by gradually reducing its power or purpose.”举个🌰：

Public services of all kinds are being dismantled.

各种公共服务正被逐步废除。

🎬电影《守望者》（Watchmen）中的台词提到：You'll dismantle our entire economy overnight. 你这样做会让经济在一夜之间崩溃的。

🎬电影《极限特工：终极回归》（xXx: Return of Xander Cage）中的台词提到：Disable and dismantleall the world's spy programs within the next twenty four hours, 在24小时内终止并取消世界上所有的间谍项目，

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