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热词 | 严禁'洋垃圾'入境、俄美互逐外交人员、'减税大礼包'……

2018-04-10 中国日报 蔡雷英语

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减税大礼包

tax reduction package

China will cut value-added tax (VAT) rates as part of a tax reduction package amounting to 400 billion yuan this year to drive high-quality development. 

作为今年减税4000亿大礼包的部分举措,我国将下调增值税税率以推动高质量发展。   


➤28日,国务院总理李克强主持召开国务院常务会议(a State Council executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang),会上作出了上述决定。会议决定,自5月1日起,制造业等行业增值税税率将从17%降至16%(the tax rate for manufacturing will be lowered from 17% to 16%),交通运输、建筑、基础电信服务(transportation, construction, basic telecommunication services)等行业及农产品等货物的增值税税率将从11%降至10%。


➤会议还决定,将统一增值税小规模纳税人标准(standard for small-scale taxpayers)。将工业企业和商业企业(industrial and commercial enterprises)小规模纳税人的年销售额(annual sales volume)标准由50万元和80万元上调至500万元,并在一定期限内允许已登记为一般纳税人的企业转登记为小规模纳税人(enterprises registered as general taxpayers will be allowed to switch their status to small-scale taxpayers within a given time)。


➤作为减税大礼包(tax reduction package)的一部分,对装备制造等先进制造业(advanced manufacturing)、研发等现代服务业符合条件的企业和电网企业在一定时期内未抵扣完的进项税额予以一次性退还(receive a lump-sum refund for their initial input VAT payments yet to be deducted)。实施上述三项措施,全年将减轻市场主体税负超过4000亿元,内外资企业都将同等受益。


【相关词汇】

减税降费 cut taxes and administrative fees

个税改革 reform of personal income tax

税收减免 tax reduction and exemption

营改增 replace business tax with value-added tax

税级 tax brackets


洋垃圾

overseas/foreign garbage

China's environmental watchdog has approved two action plans, vowing to further crack down on the smuggling of overseas garbage while maintaining a tough stance against pollution caused by processing of imported waste.

我国环境监管部门近日通过了两项行动方案,表示将进一步打击走私洋垃圾,同时保持对加工进口废物造成的污染问题的高压态势。


➤洋垃圾(overseas/foreign garbage)是指进口固体废物(imported solid waste),有时又特指以走私、夹带等方式进口国家禁止进口的固体废物(banned solid waste smuggled into China)或未经许可擅自进口属于限制进口的固体废物。2017年7月18日,中国正式通知世界贸易组织,自2017年年底开始将不再接收外来垃圾,包括废弃塑胶(plastic waste)、纸类(paper waste)及纺织品等。


➤生态环境部(the Ministry of Ecology and Environment)26日召开第一次常务会议(the first executive meeting),通过了《关于全面落实〈禁止洋垃圾入境推进固体废物进口管理制度改革实施方案〉2018—2020年行动方案》(the 2018-2020 action plan for implementation of the reform plan to ban waste imports),《进口固体废物加工利用企业环境违法问题专项督查行动方案(2018年)》和《垃圾焚烧发电行业达标排放专项整治行动方案》。


➤生态环境部有关负责人表示,禁止洋垃圾入境是党中央、国务院在新时期新形势下作出的一项重大决策(major decision)部署,是我国生态文明建设的标志性举措(a landmark measure for the country's construction of an ecological civilization)。"要坚定不移、不折不扣地落实好这项工作。要着眼于推动高质量发展,统筹考虑行动方案目标任务,全面提升我国固体废物污染防治水平(improve China's capability in solid waste pollution control)。要加强部门间协调沟通,加大信息共享及联动执法力度,建立长效工作机制(a long-term working procedure featuring information sharing and coordinated law enforcement will be established)。要进一步完善监管制度,强化洋垃圾非法入境管控(the border controls on illegal foreign garbage will be intensified),深入实施全过程监管(the entire process in the industry will be inspected),确保各项任务落实到位。"


【相关词汇】

循环利用 recycling

危险废物 hazardous waste

生态安全 ecological security

生态足迹 ecological footprint

生态保护红线 red lines for ecological protection


美国外交人员

US diplomats

Russia will expel 60 US diplomats and shut the US consulate general in St Petersburg in tit-for-tat retaliation for Washington's moves against Moscow over an ex-spy incident, the Russian Foreign Ministry said Thursday.

俄罗斯外交部29日称,该国将驱逐60名美国外交人员并关闭美驻圣彼得堡总领馆,以此回应美国就前特工事件针对俄罗斯采取的行动。


➤根据俄罗斯外交部发表的公告,俄已将58名美驻莫斯科大使馆外交人员(58 diplomats from the US Embassy in Moscow)以及2名美驻叶卡捷琳堡总领馆外交人员列为"不受欢迎的人(persona non grata)",要求他们在4月5日前离开俄罗斯。俄方还将收回美驻圣彼得堡总领馆的开馆和办公许可(the consent to the opening and functioning of the US consulate general in St Petersburg was withdrawn),要求其工作人员在3月31日前从当前办公地点搬出。


➤公告还称,若美国继续对俄驻美外交和领事机构采取敌对行为(continue hostile actions against Russian diplomatic and consular missions in the US),则俄方将对美驻俄外交和领事机构及人员采取补充措施(take additional measures against the personnel and facilities of the US embassy and consulates in Russia)。


➤自前俄英双重间谍(double agent)谢尔盖·斯克里帕利及其女儿尤利娅本月4日在英国索尔兹伯的一家购物中心里被发现失去意识(be found unconscious)以来,俄罗斯与西方国家的紧张局势急剧升级(tension between Russia and Western countries sharply escalated)。英美及其盟友指责俄罗斯对斯克里帕利采取化学攻击(accuse Moscow of launching a chemical attack against Skripal),这些国家于本周早些时候陆续驱逐了大量俄外交人员。俄罗斯对控诉予以否认(deny allegations),要求这些国家拿出确凿证据(solid evidence)。


【相关词汇】

高级别对话 high-level dialogue

对峙 confrontation

不友好行为 unfriendly act

陷入僵局 come to/reach an impasse

外交协商 diplomatic negotiation

来源:中国日报  编辑:马文英,丁一、 朱芸

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