MTI备考|| 6月新闻热词汇总+知识点解析
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热词，
是备考MTI的重要内容，
高校喜结合热点热词进行命题；
研宝们在复习的过程中，
一定多关注新闻时事，
日积月累。
加油！
6月，我国南方多地进入汛期，强降雨导致的洪涝灾害导致26个省（区、市）1300多万人次受灾；武汉公布全面核酸检测结果；北京出现本土传播新疫情，对三类人群实行出行管控；民航局对入境航班实施航班奖励和熔断措施；中新“快捷通道”启动；抗疫特别国债上市发行；夏至当日巧遇“金边日环食”；北斗三号最后一颗全球组网卫星发射成功；商合杭高铁全线贯通。
下面，
就和小马君一起来看看
二零二零年六月，
有哪些新闻热词吧！
（文末可下载PDF版本）
未成年人司法保护 judicial protection work of minors
6月1日，最高人民检察院发布《未成年人检察工作白皮书（2014—2019）》。
The number of crimes committed by minors has rebounded in the last two years, and the number of crimes against minors is also increasing, according to a white paper released by the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Monday.
最高人民检察院发布的白皮书显示，近两年，未成年人犯罪数量有所回升、侵害未成年人犯罪数量呈上升态势。
The white book reviewed judicial protection work of minors from 2014 to 2019.
白皮书全面梳理总结了2014至2019年全国检察机关未成年人司法保护工作。
【单词讲解】
Minor这个词用法很多，可以用作动词、名词和形容词。
1. 在法律上，minor指未满18岁的人，即“未成年人”。
在学校里，minor可以指“辅修（课程）”或者“辅修生”，与major（专业）相对，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.（我辅修计算机科学。）
2. 用作形容词的时候，minor也是与major相对的，表示“次要的、轻微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.（她在电影里扮演过一些小角色。）
3. 英语中关于“青少年犯罪”有一个固定的说法juvenile delinquency/juvenile offending，juvenile指“未成年、青少年”，也可以形容某人“孩子气的、幼稚的”。Delinquency这个词指“违法行为”，尤指青少年的违法行为，实施违法行为的青少年就可以称为delinquent。
【相关表达】虐待 abuse
欺凌 bullying遗弃 abandonment拐卖 trafficking聚众斗殴 brawl寻衅滋事 affray性侵 sexual assault毒品犯罪 drug crimes校园欺凌 school bullying严重暴力犯罪 serious violent crimes成年人拉拢、诱迫未成年人参与黑恶犯罪adults inducing minors to participate in gang crimes
武汉集中核酸检测 mass nucleic acid testing
湖北省新冠肺炎疫情防控指挥部6月2日下午召开新闻发布会，介绍武汉市集中核酸检测排查工作情况。武汉市卫生健康委员会副主任王卫华介绍说，武汉市通过3个途径，将日检测能力从30万人份快速突破100万人份。
一是挖掘内部潜力。
By adding 40 medical institutions and disease control centers to conduct the tests, the city had 63 institutions analyze the test samples, which significantly increased the city's testing capacity.
武汉动员了40家医疗机构和疾控中心共同参与，这样全市检测机构增加到63家，大大提升了核酸日检测能力。
二是调集全国资源。
These institutions also mobilized staff and equipment from around the country, with staff members increasing from 419 to 1,451 and testing equipment increasing from 215 pieces to 701.
武汉市各检测机构在全国范围内调集人员、增添设备，检测工作人员从419人增加到1451人，设备从215台套增加到701台套。
三是采用科学的方法。
Batch testing, which mixes no more than five samples in a single test, was employed to improve efficiency.
混检单次不超过5个样本合并检测，这样在短时间内提升了检测效率。
武汉市通过这三个途径，将日检测能力从30万人份快速突破100万人份（daily testing capability increased from 300,000 to more than 1 million）。
国家自主贡献 nationally determined contributions
生态环境部新闻发言人刘友宾6月2日指出，在常态化疫情防控前提下，生态环境部门将努力克服新冠肺炎疫情带来的不利影响，扎实推进生态环境治理各项工作。
China will fully implement its commitment to nationally determined contributions (NDCs) on climate change under the Paris climate agreement despite the coronavirus outbreak, according to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
生态环境部表示，我国将克服新冠肺炎疫情影响，坚决完成《巴黎气候协定》中承诺的气候变化国家自主贡献目标。
生态环境部新闻发言人刘友宾表示：
China’s carbon emission reduction will not change with the occurrence of the epidemic and China would “100%” fulfil its NDC commitment.
中国的碳减排行动不会因为疫情而改变，会百分百履行国家自主贡献承诺。
【知识点】
国家自主贡献（nationally determined contributions）指根据《联合国气候变化框架公约（the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change）》缔约方会议相关决定，提出的中国应对气候变化的强化行动和措施（enhanced actions and measures on climate change）。
航班熔断机制 "circuit breaker" mechanism for airlines
中国民用航空局6月4日发布关于调整国际客运航班的通知。自2020年6月8日起，实施航班奖励和熔断措施。
The Civil Aviation Administration of China, along with multiple departments including the National Health Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, will introduce a "reward" and "circuit breaker" mechanism for airlines based on passenger nucleic acid test results upon arrival in order to contain the number of imported cases of COVID-19.
民航局与国家卫健委以及外交部等多部门将推出以落地后乘客核酸检测结果为依据的航班奖励和熔断机制，以控制新冠肺炎输入病例。
As an incentive, carriers will be allowed to increase the number of international flights to two per week on one route if the number of passengers who have a positive nucleic acid test on their flights stands at zero for three consecutive weeks, according to the administration.
奖励措施是指航空公司同一航线航班，入境后核酸检测结果为阳性的旅客人数连续3周为零的，可在航线经营许可规定的航班量范围内增加每周1班，达到每周2班。
The airline must suspend the operation of the route for one week if the number of passengers who test positive for the coronavirus reaches five. If the number exceeds 10, the airline will suspend the flights for four weeks, it said.
航空公司同一航线航班，入境后核酸检测结果为阳性的旅客人数达到5个的，暂停该公司该航线运行1周；达到10个的，暂停该公司该航线运行4周。
中新“快捷通道” China-Singapore fast lane
Starting Monday, people from Singapore and six Chinese municipalities and provinces can make essential business or official trips without having to go through the required 14-day quarantine period.从6月8日起，新加坡和中国6个省市的人员可以进行必要的商务和公务往来，无需完成此前要求的14天隔离。
The first phase of the China-Singapore fast lane will be implemented between Singapore and six Chinese provinces (municipalities) including Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong. The two sides will gradually expand the implementation scope and discuss the gradual resumption of commercial flights between the two countries, depending on the circumstances.
中新“快捷通道”第一阶段在中国上海、天津、重庆、江苏、浙江、广东等6省（市）同新加坡之间实施，双方将视情逐步扩大通道适用范围，并探讨逐步恢复两国间商业航班。
重点人群 key population groups
国务院联防联控机制综合组6月8日公布了《关于加快推进新冠病毒核酸检测的实施意见》。
China will continue to make nucleic acid testing compulsory among all key groups and available for those who ask to be tested, according to the guideline.
意见明确，我国核酸检测将对重点人群“应检尽检”，其他人群“愿检尽检”。
重点人群包括：
close contact with COVID-19 cases
密切接触者
inbound travelers
境外入境人员
patients in fever clinics
发热门诊患者
new inpatients and their caregivers
新住院患者及陪护人员
staff working at medical institutions
医疗机构工作人员
quarantine and inspection staff at ports and borders
口岸检疫和边防检查人员
staff working at prisons and detention houses
监所工作人员
nursing home workers
社会福利养老机构工作人员
留学预警 alert for overseas study
教育部6月9日发布2020年第1号留学预警，提醒谨慎选择赴澳或返澳学习。
预警指出，
Major Australian universities plan to resume classes in July, yet the COVID-19 pandemic has not been properly contained globally and there are still risks concerning international travel and opening schools, the ministry said.
澳大利亚主要高校计划于7月前后陆续开学。全球新冠肺炎疫情扩散蔓延势头没有得到有效控制，国际旅行和开放校园存在风险。
There have been also incidents of discrimination against Asians in Australia, it said.
疫情期间，澳大利亚发生多起针对亚裔的歧视性事件。
The ministry suggested that students and scholars should take a more prudent approach toward studying in the country, it added.
教育部提醒广大留学人员谨慎选择赴澳或返澳学习。
【单词讲解】
Prudent这个词经常表示“谨慎的，小心的”或者“稳重的，精明的”等意思，比如在《政府工作报告》中常见的“稳健的货币政策”就是prudent monetary policy，投资市场中“谨慎的投资者”是prudent investor，职场前辈给后辈的“中肯建议”是prudent advice。
强降雨 torrential downpours
据水利部门监测，受降雨影响，广西、广东、福建、浙江、江西、湖南、贵州、云南共计8省（区）110条河流发生超警以上洪水。More than 20 people were killed or remain missing after torrential downpours unleashed floods in South China. The rain-triggered floods had affected some 2.63 million people in 11 provincial-level regions as of 2 pm Tuesday, the Ministry of Emergency Management said. The heavy rain forced the relocation of about 228,000 people, destroyed over 1,300 houses and brought direct economic losses of over 4 billion yuan (about $566 million), the ministry said.
强降雨引发的华南地区洪水已经导致20多人死亡或失踪。应急管理部表示，截至6月9日14时，降雨导致的洪涝灾害已造成11省（区、市）近263万人次受灾，22.8万人次紧急转移安置；1300余间房屋倒塌；直接经济损失超过40亿元。
【单词讲解】
在英文报道中，讲到“降雨”时通常会出现rain、drizzle、downpour、shower等词汇。
其中，rain是“雨”的总称，我们通过在这个词的前面添加不同的形容词来表示不同程度的降雨，比如：heavy rain（大雨）、light rain（小雨）、中雨（moderate rain）、暴雨（torrential rain）、大暴雨（downpour）、特大暴雨（heavy downpour）。
国歌条例 National Anthem Ordinance
香港特区行政长官林郑月娥6月11日根据《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》第四十八条第三款，签署经特区立法会通过的《国歌条例》。《国歌条例》于6月12日刊宪公布，之后即时正式生效。
he National Anthem Ordinance provides for the playing and singing, protection and promotion of the national anthem to preserve the dignity of the country, enhance the sense of national identity among citizens and promote patriotism.
《国歌条例》为奏唱、保护及推广国歌订定条文，以维护国家的尊严，增强公民的国家观念，弘扬爱国精神。
The offences stipulated in the Ordinance only concern the misuse of the national anthem, or public and intentional acts with an intent to insult the national anthem.
《国歌条例》所订明的罪行只涉及不当使用国歌，或公开、故意、意图侮辱国歌的行为。
【单词讲解】
在法律用语中，ordinance多指地方性法规（a law, usually one made by a city or regional government）；
regulation则多指行政机关或公司等组织机构制定的规章或者规定，比如，safety regulations，corporate regulations等。
本土疫情 domestically transmitted COVID-19 cases
6月13日凌晨，北京新发地批发市场董事长张玉玺表示：“相关部门抽检时从切割进口三文鱼的案板中检测到了新冠病毒，而该产品的货源来自京深海鲜市场。”
据报道，受该消息影响，北京的主要商超企业昨日都已连夜下架全部三文鱼。
Experts said it is extremely unlikely for seafood like salmon to be the carrier of the novel coronavirus, which was found on cutting boards for imported salmon at Beijing's Xinfadi wholesale market.
北京新发地批发市场切三文鱼的案板中检测到了新冠病毒，专家表示，像三文鱼之类的海鲜不太可能成为新冠病毒的载体。
中国疾病预防控制中心流行病学首席专家吴尊友表示，
Fish in their natural habitat cannot catch coronavirus, however, they can be contaminated by workers during capture or transportation.
鱼类在其自然栖息地不会带新冠病毒，不过在捕捞或运输过程中可能被工作人员污染。
Our seafood products are typically stored and transported in cold containers, thus it is possible for the virus to be preserved for a long time and increase the likelihood of infecting people.
很多海产品都是冷冻储存，在这样的环境下，病毒能够存活很长时间，传染人的几率也更大。
抗疫特别国债 special government bonds for covid-19 control
为筹集财政资金，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展，财政部决定发行2020年抗疫特别国债（一、二期），两期国债竞争性招标面值总额合计1000亿元。
财政部发布的公告指出，
The Ministry of Finance will issue two batches of fixed-rate special bonds, including 50 billion yuan of five-year bonds and 50 billion yuan of seven-year bonds. Both will be listed and traded on June 23, 2020.
在这两期特别国债中，一期为5年期固定利率附息债，二期为7年期固定利率附息债。两期国债竞争性招标面值总额均为500亿元，6月23日起上市交易。
我国的国债由财政部代表中央政府发行，除因为一些特殊项目而发行的特别国债外，常见的普通国债一般分为凭证式国债（certificated treasury bonds）和记账式国债（book-entry treasury bonds）。
今年的《政府工作报告》提出：
The deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at more than 3.6 percent, with a deficit increase of one trillion yuan over last year. On top of this, one trillion yuan of government bonds for covid-19 control will also be issued. These are extraordinary measures for an unusual time.
今年赤字率拟按3.6%以上安排，财政赤字规模比去年增加1万亿元，同时发行1万亿元抗疫特别国债。这是特殊时期的特殊举措。
The aforementioned two trillion yuan will be transferred in full to local governments; a special transfer payment mechanism will be set up to ensure that funds go straight to prefecture and county governments and directly benefit businesses and people. These funds should be primarily used to ensure employment, meet basic living needs, and protect market entities. This includes giving support to cut taxes and fees, reduce rents and interest on loans, and increase consumption and investment. It is important to stress that government funds are public in nature and that no such funds are allowed to be withheld or diverted for non-designated uses.
上述2万亿元全部转给地方，建立特殊转移支付机制，资金直达市县基层、直接惠企利民，主要用于保就业、保基本民生、保市场主体，包括支持减税降费、减租降息、扩大消费和投资等，强化公共财政属性，决不允许截留挪用。
【知识点】
国债（government bonds/treasury bonds）是由国家发行的债券（government debt securities issued by the central government），是中央政府为筹集财政资金而发行的一种政府债券，是中央政府向投资者出具的、承诺在一定时期支付利息（pay periodic interest）和到期偿还本金（pay a par amount equal to the principal at maturity）的债权债务凭证，由于国债的发行主体是国家，所以它具有最高的信用度，被公认为是最安全的投资工具。
应急响应级别 the emergency response level
Beijing will strictly enforce epidemic prevention measures in farmers' markets, restaurants, and canteens, and strengthen monitoring. Employees in those places must wear masks and gloves.
将对农贸市场、餐馆、食堂等采取严格的防控举措，加强监控。上述场所工作人员须佩戴口罩和手套。
The Chinese capital reported 106 domestically transmitted COVID-19 cases from June 11 to 15. Beijing has listed 27 neighborhoods as medium-risk zones, and one high-risk neighborhood.
6月11日至15日，北京市已报告106例本土传播病例，27个社区被列为中风险地区，1个社区为高风险地区。
出行管控 travel restrictions
为防止疫情风险扩散，北京严禁三类涉疫风险人员出京，并严格中高低风险地区进（返）京人员管控。
Beijing will carry out strict travel restrictions to curb the spread of COVID-19 and people at high risk are forbidden to leave the city, Pan Xuhong, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, said at a news conference on Thursday morning.
北京市公安局副局长潘绪宏6月18日上午表示，为防止疫情风险扩散，北京市将采取严格的出行限制措施。
北京严禁三类涉疫风险人员出京，并严格中高低风险地区进（返）京人员管控。
三类人员具体包括：
The first category includes confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected cases, close contacts, asymptomatic carriers and people with fever.
一是全市确诊病例、疑似病例、密切接触者、无症状感染者和有发热症状人员。
The second covers those who have visited Xinfadi wholesale farm-produce market or had close contact with relevant staff since May 30.
二是5月30日以来进出新发地批发市场和与市场工作人员有过密切接触的人员。
The third includes people living in medium- and high-risk areas.
三是中高风险地区人员。
【相关表达】
确诊病例 confirmed cases
疑似病例 suspected cases
密切接触者 close contacts
无症状感染者 asymptomatic carriers
日环食 annular solar eclipse
今年6月21日是夏至（summer solstice），当日下午，一场十年一遇的“金边日环食”也震撼登场。
People in quite a few places in China witnessed on Sunday the most anticipated celestial event of the year, an annular solar eclipse.The entire eclipse lasted about three and a half hours, but its duration as it passed over individual locations was equal to around 90 seconds.
6月21日，我国多地民众观赏到了最受期待的年度天文盛景“日环食”。整个“日环食”持续近三个半小时，不过在单个地点的持续时间约90秒。
The annular eclipse crossed a path that started at sunrise in Africa and eventually moved across to China before ending at sunset over the Pacific Ocean.
此次日环食在日出时分出现在非洲，经过中国，最终在日落时分到达太平洋上空。
In China, it was visible in central areas of the Tibet autonomous region and Sichuan province, northern areas of Guizhou province, central areas of Hunan province, southwestern regions of Jiangxi province, southern Fujian province and central areas of Taiwan.
我国境内观测到日环食的地区有西藏、四川、贵州北部、湖南中部、江西西南部、福建南部、以及台湾中部地区。
天文学家表示，下一次在我国境内观赏日环食，要等到2030年6月1日。
【知识点】
1. 日环食（annular solar eclipse）是日食（solar eclipse）的一种，发生时太阳的中心部分黑暗，边缘仍然明亮，形成光环。
这是因为月球在太阳和地球之间，但是距离地球较远，不能完全遮住太阳而形成的（not close to the Earth enough to completely obscure the sun）。随着月球位置的移动，我们能观测到的日食还有日全食（total solar eclipse）和日偏食（partial solar eclipse）。
2. Solar源于希腊语，指“of，relating to，or proceeding from the sun”（和太阳有关的或从太阳发出的），其相关的表达如：solar calendar（阳历），solar heating system（太阳能加热系统）等。
3. 再介绍一下eclipse，由于它指代“天体的部分或全部受其它天体的遮掩而变得晦暗”，我们可以将其引申为“使黯然失色”，用在英语写作或口语表达上会增色不少。
（1）作名词时，常用的搭配是in eclipse，如Fred was in eclipse, exiled to a small post in the south.（弗雷德失势了，被打发到南方去担任一个小差使。）
（2）作动词时常见be eclipsed by搭配，如：She is quite eclipsed by her clever younger sister.（在聪明的妹妹面前，她变得黯然失色。）
北斗卫星导航系统 Beidou Navigation Satellite System
6月23日9时43分，我国在西昌卫星发射中心用长征三号乙运载火箭，成功发射北斗系统第五十五颗导航卫星，暨北斗三号最后一颗全球组网卫星。
The launch marked the completion of the in-orbit construction of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) , the country's largest space-based system and one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States' GPS, Russia's GLONASS and the European Union's Galileo.
此次发射标志着北斗全球卫星导航系统在轨部署完成，北斗系统是我国最大的空间导航系统，也是四个全球导航系统之一，其他三个分别为美国全球定位系统、俄罗斯格洛纳斯以及欧盟伽利略。
By now, 59 satellites, including the first four experimental ones, have been launched from Xichang on Long March 3Bs, some having since been put into retirement.
到目前为止，西昌卫星发射中心通过长征三号乙运载火箭共发射了59颗北斗卫星，其中包括四颗试验卫星，有些卫星已经退役。
There are 30 third-generation Beidou satellites in three types of orbit — 24 in medium-Earth orbits, three in inclined geosynchronous satellite orbits and three in geostationary orbits.
目前，在轨北斗三号卫星共有30颗，包括24颗中圆地球轨道卫星、3颗倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和3颗地球静止轨道卫星。
【知识点】
北斗卫星导航系统（Beidou Navigation Satellite System）是中国着眼于国家安全和经济社会发展需要，自主建设、独立运行的卫星导航系统（independently constructed and operated by China），是为全球用户提供全天候、全天时、高精度的定位（all-time, all-weather and high-accuracy positioning）、导航和授时服务（navigation and timing services）的国家重要空间基础设施。
家暴人员婚姻登记查询系统 inquiry system for domestic violence prior to marriage registration
6月22日，浙江义乌市委政法委、市法院、市妇联、市公安、市民政和市数据管理中心等六部门联合下发了《关于建立涉家庭暴力人员婚姻登记可查询制度的意见（试行）》。
An inquiry system for domestic violence prior to marriage registration - the first of its kind in China - will be put into use in Yiwu, Zhejiang province, starting July 1, allowing people to check if their would-be partners have a criminal record related to beating or abusing family members.
7月1日起，我国首个涉家庭暴力人员婚姻登记查询系统将在浙江省义乌市开通，人们可以通过该系统查询未来的另一半是否有殴打或虐待家庭成员的记录。
商合杭高铁 the Shangqiu-Hefei-Hangzhou high-speed railway
6月28日8时56分，G9394次复兴号列车从合肥南站始发，驶向杭州东站。至此，商合杭高铁实现全线贯通。
With a designed speed of 350 kph, the route connects the city of Shangqiu in central China's Henan province, and Hefei and Hangzhou, the capital cities of east China's Anhui and Zhejiang provinces. The northern section of the railway, from Shangqiu to Hefei, went into operation in December 2019, according to China State Railway Group.
该线路设计时速350公里，连接河南省商丘、安徽省省会合肥，以及浙江省省会杭州。据国铁集团介绍，该线路北段，即商丘至合肥段，于去年12月正式开通运营。
The opening of the new route will further optimize the railway network in the country’s central and eastern regions and greatly ease the mounting pressure on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed line to provide a more convenient travel experience for passengers along the route, the company said.
该线路的贯通将进一步优化我国中东部铁路网，极大缓解京沪高铁线路的运行压力，沿线居民出行将更加便捷。
The line is also expected to spur the rise of the central region and boost the integrated regional development of the Yangtze River Delta, it added.
该线路也将对促进中部地区崛起，推动长三角区域一体化发展，具有重要意义。
义务教育 compulsory education
近日，教育部等十部门联合印发了《关于进一步加强控辍保学工作 健全义务教育有保障长效机制的若干意见》。
The completion rate of nine-year compulsory education is expected to reach 95 percent by the end of 2020, the guideline said, calling for ongoing efforts to make sure children from impoverished families have access to compulsory education.
意见提出，贫困家庭义务教育阶段适龄儿童少年不失学辍学，确保2020年全国九年义务教育巩固率达到95%。
Education, public security, human resources and social security authorities should share information about any students who start working before age 16, and authorities should punish employers that hire those students, the guideline said.
教育部门会同公安、人力资源社会保障部门建立协作劝返机制，及时相互通报16岁以下学生外出打工信息，严厉打击使用童工违法犯罪行为。
Authorities should use various means, including persuasion, financial aid and even administrative and legal punishment of parents to encourage dropout students to return to school and prevent new dropouts, it added.
各地要利用规劝、经济援助，甚至对父母采取行政及法律处罚等多种方式做好辍学适龄儿童少年的劝返复学工作，防止造成新的辍学。
【单词讲解】
1. Compulsory这个词我们都很熟悉，表示“强制的，义务的，必须做的”意思；除了表示“义务教育（compulsory education）”以外，学校里设置的“必修课”是compulsory courses，再比如，It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets.（所有骑摩托车的人都必须戴头盔。）
2. 这里的dropout是名词，表示“辍学”，其动词形式为drop out，常见的搭配为drop out of school。
Drop常见的短语搭配还有drop in/by（顺便拜访），比如：Drop in/by any time—we're always home.（随时来都可以，我们都在家。）
如果要表明顺便拜访的对象则多用drop in on someone表示，比如：I hate to drop in on people when they aren't expecting me.（我不喜欢贸然造访别人家。）
图文来源：中国日报网
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