特别新文速递 | Ag和Ar两个“Noble Elements”在青藏高原发生的“化学反应”

Noble Elements with a Noble Mission

《稀有的元素，崇高的使命》

    2015年12月《国家科学评论》专访了姚檀栋、范蔚茗，为公众解读了“为什么青藏高原是科学研究的理想之地” （National Science Review, 2015, 2, 4, 489-492.）。二位专家这样说道：

    青藏高原及其扩展到周边的山地，占地超过500万平方公里——将近中国大陆面积的一半。这里有着除南北极外最大的冰川面积，因此也被称作地球的“第三极”，是一个理想而独特的自然实验室，也是这个星球最美的地方之一。从科学层面来讲，研究该领域主要是出自对地球如何演化的好奇。由于欧亚大陆和印度次大陆的碰撞，这一地区发生了一系列变化，这些变化大多由高原海拔升高引起。河流与冰川的形成、季风的演化以及冷适应动物与生态系统的出现都在其影响范围内。从社会层面来看，人类活动，或者说人类圈对青藏高原的影响在20世纪的后半世纪急剧增加，尤其是在政策角度这已成为一个备受关注的话题。（点击阅读原文，直达NSR英文专访全文）

    本期是一次特别的“青藏高原”主题的论文推送。

    与青藏高原地质活动和高寒生境相关的地球化学是AG期刊长期关注的主题，但还不足以覆盖青藏高原研究的深度和广度。于是我们与同样关注青藏高原的Atmospheric Research期刊(AR)携手，来一次“顶天立地”，别开生面的论文推送。（AR期刊的亚洲编辑部就设在中科院青藏高原研究所。）

    小编把两本期刊共计14篇论文的摘要进行词频统计，绿色和蓝色分别是AG和AR论文的主题词。围绕在“喜马拉雅”，“冰川”，“水循环”等主题周围，地球化学家和大气科学家用不同的颜色，把论文写在了青藏高原的大地和天空。

    去年，AG和AR期刊的公众号先后推送了和响应了穆穆、符淙斌等院士在《地球科学中薄弱学科的现状分析与应对战略》中的呼吁。院士们提到的薄弱学科，就包括了AG和AR一直敞怀拥抱的水文地质、矿物学、中小尺度灾害性天气学等相对冷门但十分重要的方向。为薄弱学科发声，是AG和AR这两本期刊共同的使命担当。

    上半年AG期刊公众号入选了《环球科学》等媒体评选的全国学术公众号100强。在我们的获奖宣言里，有这样一句话:

    我们爱把CNSP这几本综合性期刊戏称为碳、氮、硫、磷。可元素周期表不只是右上角的几个常见的非金属元素，人类知识的继承和发展也不完全是靠CNSP几本期刊就可以完成。自1986年以来，第47号元素Ag（银）低调地守护着应用地球化学的领域，而今更有可能打造成“中国引领的国际学术舞台”。（今天，我们也重新认识第18号元素Ar氩。）

    Ag和Ar，两个化学上惰性的元素，却具有十分活泼的思想。因相似的价值观，在青藏高原的特殊生境的催化下，打破能垒，发生了化学反应。姚檀栋院士在NSR的专访结尾处提到：“我们在引领年轻人了解青藏高原研究方面做得还不够。”作为以年轻读者为主体的草根自媒体，我们愿意做一点点力所能及的贡献，担当起Noble Elements的Noble Mission。

AG期刊中国编委会

2021年8月23日

P.S. 感谢中科院青藏高原所高寒环境质量与安全团队首席科学家王小萍研究员对本次推送的指导和贡献。

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AG

01

Fluid geochemistry and its implications on the role of deep faults in the genesis of high temperature systems in the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

通讯作者：Zhonghe Pang

主要作者单位：中国地震局地震预报研究所，中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，中国科学院大学，中国科学院地球科学创新研究院

Highlights

•The reservoir temperature in the Xianshuihe Strike-slip Fault reaches up to 260 °C.

•The reservoir temperature in the Longmenshan Thrust Fault is lower than 150 °C.

•Deep extensional faults act as convective conduits for both heat and fluid.

• Deep extensional fault is critical in forming high-temperature geothermal systems.

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02

Major, trace and rare earth elements geochemistry of geothermal waters from the Rehai high-temperature geothermal field in Tengchong of China

通讯作者：Xun Zhou

主要作者单位：中国地质大学

Highlights

• The recharge of magmatic fluids, mixing with cold water and water-rock interaction affect the concentration of the elements.

• The geothermal waters and host rock REE chondrite-normalized patterns and the Eu anomalies are inherited from the host rock signature.

• Ln(CO3)2-, LnCO3+ and LnSO4+ are the major REE speciation in the RH geothermal waters.

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03

Long term natural and anthropogenic forcing on aquatic system - evidence based on biogeochemical and pollen proxies from lake sediments in Kashmir Himalaya, India

通讯作者：Ambili Anoop, Praveen K. Mishra

主要作者单位：印度科学教育和研究学院, 印度斯利那加克什米尔大学，德国汉堡地质学院

Highlights

• Historical changes of biogeochemical proxies in response to natural/vs human induced changes.

• Understating the long-term history of eutrophication in aquatic system for the past 200 years.

• Multi-proxy approach signifies the dominance of aquatic productivity in response to anthropogenic activities.

• A dramatic increase in human induced perturbations post 1930s.

• First of its kind study from the rapidly shifting ecotone from north-western Himalaya.

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04

Riverine Mg isotopes response to glacial weathering within the Muztag catchment of the eastern Pamir Plateau

通讯作者：Fei Zhang，Zhangdong Jin

主要作者单位：中国科学院地球环境研究所，中国科学院大学，中国科学院第四纪科学与全球变化研究中心，西安交通大学全球环境变化研究所

Highlights

•    Riverine Mg isotopic compositions in the extremely dry and cold northeastern Pamir Plateau were firstly investigated.

•    Preferential carbonate weathering under glacial environment impacts riverine Mg isotopes.

•    Enhanced dissolution of carbonates by glacial comminution at basin scales.

•    The significant impact of carbonate weathering on river chemistry and Mg isotopes in alpine glacial regions.

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05

Constraints of major ions and arsenic on the geological genesis of geothermal water: Insight from a comparison between Xiong'an and Yangbajain, two hydrothermal systems in China

通讯作者：Qinghai Guo

主要作者单位：中国地质大学，长江大学

Highlights

• Xiong'an and Yangbajain are typical non-magmatic and magmatic geothermal systems, respectively.

• Arsenic contents in the studied geothermal waters are mainly controlled by their temperatures.

• Arsenic contents in reservoir rocks are not positively related to those in geothermal waters.

• Magmatic fluid input likely contributes to arsenic enrichment in Yangbajain geothermal waters.

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06

Fluid geochemistry of the Cuopu high temperature geothermal system in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis with implication on its genesis

通讯作者：Zhonghe Pang

主要作者单位：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，中国科学院大学，中国科学院地球科学研究所，中国五矿集团公司

Highlights

•The HCO3–Na type thermal water forms during deep circulation in the hot crust.

•Its low salinity is due to the dissolution of minerals without magmatic volatile.

•The reservoir temperature is above 175 °C, and the deep crust may reach 400 °C.

•The thermal water is recharged by precipitation and glacier water.

•The geothermal gas is dominantly crustal metamorphic product.

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07

The effect of solvent chemistry on potassium dissolution extraction from low-grade solid potash ore in Qarhan Salt Lake, China

通讯作者：Chenglin Liu

主要作者单位：中国地质科学院矿产研究所，北京大学，青海盐湖工业有限公司

Highlights

•The low-grade potash mineral in Bieletan of Qarhan Salt Lake is polyhalite, followed by carnallite and a small amount of sylvite.

•The solvent for dissolution extraction of low-grade solid potash ore was prepared with old bittern and natural fresh water, with Mg2+, Cl-, K+ and Na+ geochemical average values of 3.69%, 15.23%, 0.23% and 1.60%, respectively.

•The solvent did not influence the porosity and permeability of the salt layer, could flow to deeper and farther areas, and could dissolve more low-grade solid potash minerals.

•After dissolution extraction of low-grade solid potash ore, the content of K+ in the solution increased from 0.23% to 0.68%.

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AR

01

Glacial record of trace metal pollution over the Central Himalayas and its surroundings: Distribution, variation, and anthropogenic signals

通讯作者：Qianggong Zhang

主要作者单位：中国科学院青藏高原研究所，中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越中心，中国科学院大学，尼泊尔加德满都克里蒂普尔特里布万大学，中国科学院西北生态环境与资源研究所

Highlights

•Glacial records of atmospheric trace metal pollution over the central Himalayas were summarized.

•Zn had the highest concentration at most sampling sites and Pb showed the most striking seasonality.

•Trace metal concentrations were lower in monsoon season and higher in non-monsoon season and vice versa for enrichment factors (EFs).

•Analytical methods can influence the trace metal concentration and EFs that bring bias in the seasonality of trace metals.

•Isotope studies are needed to further isolate the sources of trace metals.

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02

Stable isotope variations in precipitation in the northwesternmost Tibetan Plateau related to various meteorological controlling factors

通讯作者：Congjian Sun

主要作者单位：山西师范大学地理科学学院，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，北京师范大学，堪萨斯大学

Highlights

•We firstly analyzed the spatial-temporal variation of precipitation δ18O/δ2H and investigated controlling factors in NWTP.

•Stable isotope of precipitation in the NWTP shows the temporal and spatial variations.

•Both “temperature effect”, “altitude effect”, “sub-cloud evaporation effect” and “moisture recycling effect” occurs in the NWTP

•The similar regression slope of approximately 1.15‰%−1 (△d/f) has also been found in the NWTP.

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03

Deep stratospheric intrusion and Russian wildfire induce enhanced tropospheric ozone pollution over the northern Tibetan Plateau

通讯作者：Dan Li

主要作者单位：中国科学院大气物理研究所，南京信息科技大学，中国科学院大学，能源和气候研究所，兰州大学

Highlights

•Ozonesondes at Golmud in 2016, at Qaidam in 2019, and 2020 were analyzed.

•A tropopause fold associated with the westerly wind jet caused an ozone peak of ~6 mPa at 10 km at Qaidam.

•Wildfire smoke occurred around central Russia on 19–26 July 2016 caused ozone pollution in the troposphere -at Golmud.

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04

Links between the thermal condition of the Tibetan Plateau in summer and atmospheric circulation and climate anomalies over the Eurasian continent

通讯作者：Sulan Nan, Ping Zhao

主要作者单位：中国气象科学院

Highlights

•The Tibetan tropospheric temperature is coincident with the Eurasian tropospheric temperature at interannual time scales.

•The Tibetan tropospheric temperature anomaly can change the intensity and position of the mid-latitude westerly jet.

•The thermal condition of the Tibetan Plateau is related to SAT anomalies over West Asia, Central Asia, and East Asia.

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05

Lightning activity and its association with surface thermodynamics over the Tibetan Plateau

通讯作者：Xueke Wu

主要作者单位：兰州大学，中国科学院大气物理研究所，中国科学院大学

Highlights

•The reservoir temperature in the Xianshuihe Strike-slip Fault reaches up to 260 °C.

•The reservoir temperature in the Longmenshan Thrust Fault is lower than 150 °C.

•Deep extensional faults act as convective conduits for both heat and fluid.

• Deep extensional fault is critical in forming high-temperature geothermal systems.

点击扫码直达文章

06

Spatially coherent clusters of summer precipitation extremes in the Tibetan Plateau: Where is the moisture from?

通讯作者：Yingzhao Ma

主要作者单位：美国科罗拉多州科林斯堡科罗拉多州立大学，香港科技大学，广州科大霍英东研究院

Highlights

•Spatially cluster patterns for summer precipitation extremes (SPEs) in the TP.

•Identify moisture sources and dominant pathways for SPEs in each Cluster region.

•Explore the teleconnections between large-scale climate signals (i.e., NAO+, DMI+, and SOI-) and moisture trajectories for SPEs in the TP.

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07

Atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the West China rain zone: Fluxes, concentrations, ecological risks, and source apportionment

通讯作者：Qi Ying , Hongliang Zhang

主要作者单位：四川大学，美国路易斯安那州立大学，清华大学，美国得克萨斯州A&M大学，复旦大学

Highlights

•Average annual deposition flux of sulfur (S) was 29.6 kg S ha−1 a−1 in the WCRZ.

•Average annual deposition flux of nitrogen (N) was 33.0 kg N ha−1 a−1 in the WCRZ.

•S and N deposition fluxes exceeded the critical loads in >70% of the WCRZ area.

•S and N deposition likely pose severe risks to the WCRZ national nature reserves.

•Both SCB and non-SCB emissions should be controled to reduce S and N depositon.

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