PLAT Studio丨杭州湾新区、昆山城区公共空间框架修复实践

PLAT景观与都市设计事务所

杭州湾新区

以水系连接的城区

Hangzhou Bay New Town: A Canal Connected City

[ 九塘河带 - 自行车骑士沿着左边的运河骑行，右侧是历史堤防基础设施。]

[ Jiutang River Belt - A cyclist bikes alongside the canal to the left and historic dike infrastructure to the right. ]

杭州湾新区将展示出独特而前沿的城市可持续发展机会。通过策略性的打造城市街区、开放空间、换乘站、慢行道，该地区的水系网络也得以修复。设计跨越了不同的空间尺度，将水系和堤防基础设施整合到公共空间中，使城区的水岸容易抵达且充满活力。

Hangzhou Bay New Town District provides the unique opportunity to be at the forefront of sustainable urban development—shaping city blocks, open space, transit and bicycle networks—to restore the region's waterways. Working across scales, the design integrates canal and dike infrastructure into public space to make the district's waterfronts accessible and vibrant places.

[ 平面图：杭州湾新区-南侧 ]

[ Hangzhou Bay New Town - South District: Site plan ]

[ 邻近主要都会中心 ]

[ Proximity to Major Urban Centers ]

场地背景

杭州湾新区是一个23.5平方公里的滨水开发区，位于中国宁波北部尚未建设的沿海地带。该区是大都会的重要纽带，吸引了来自上海、苏州、杭州和宁波的企业和居民。四通八达的高速公路使该地区的人口迅速增加，并正在经历大量的开发。

CONTEXT

Hangzhou Bay New Town is a 23.5 square kilometer waterfront district in a largely unbuilt coastal area north of Ningbo, China. Located at the nexus of major metropoli, the District sits poised to attract businesses and residents from Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou and Ningbo. With direct highway routes to surrounding cities, the area is undergoing heavy development and an influx of residents.

[ 历史堤坝系统 ]

[ Historic Dike System ]

自古以来这地区的生活传统都是围绕着水，人们依海岸而生。从1040年到现在，杭州湾新区是一个以综合性的堤防系统建立起来的区域，盐业、农业和渔业因此而繁荣。今日的场地挑战来自多个方面，包括道路和桥梁基础设施、不连续的路径、硬质边界的水系、低质量的水质、历史堤坝和零星的未开发地块。

Life in this region has traditionally revolved around the use of water and manipulation of the shoreline. From 1040 CE until today, the area was built up using a comprehensive dike system that provided the opportunity for salt ponds, agriculture, and fishing industries to thrive. Today, site challenges include road and bridge infrastructure, disconnected routes, hard edged canals, poor water quality, historic dikes, and scattered empty parcels.

[ 场地开发和现况 ]

[ Development & Existing Condition ]

[ 区域绿道框架 ]

[ District Greenway Framework ]

在整个杭州湾地区的计划开发中，PLAT Studio团队为杭州湾新城的景观提出了规划策略。该设计包括一个绿色生态框架，即杭州湾新城南侧42公顷的水系开放空间。

The entire Hangzhou Bay Area is slated for development, and within that space, the team has created plans for the Hangzhou Bay New Town [HBNT]. This scope encompasses a detailed design area, the 42 hectares of waterfront in the HBNT South District.

[ 愿景计划 ]

[ Vision Plan ]

杭州湾新城景观规划提出了将历史、水文与创新城区相结合的可持续发展策略，重新激活人与水的关系。该策略的水系框架为新居民融入当地的历史和社群搭建了平台。总体规划使用了连通、参与、生态修复三个主要策略，创建了一个将人们重新连接到各尺度水系开放空间的新城区。

Reinvigorating the relationship between people and water, Hangzhou Bay New Town masterplan envisions sustainable development with historic and hydrologic concerns integrating with an innovative new district. The plan's canal framework sets the stage for new residents to connect with Hangzhou Bay Area's history and each other. Utilizing three primary strategies of 1) Connection 2) Engagement and 3) Ecology, the masterplan proposes a district that reconnects people to the water across scales.

[ 连通性：利用和改造历史堤防 ]

[ Connection: Adapting the historic dike ]

[ 连通性：连续的水岸 ]

[ Connection: A continuous waterfront ]

连通性

面对现有的场地挑战，设计团队寻求以连通性及修复水系的方式，创造一个连续的滨水体验。为了连接整个新区的滨水区，城市道路和和河流交汇节点变得至关重要。慢行系统有的在运河处成为桥梁，有的在道路入口处成为广场，有的广场在交叉路口形成转角广场。

CONNECTION

Confronting existing site challenges, the design team sought connection and rehabilitation with canals creating a continuous waterfront experience. In order to connect waterfronts throughout the New Town District, the pathway experience and crossing infrastructure become vital. Pedestrian walkways become bridges at canals, entry plazas at roads, and plazas are integrated into the right of way with intersection corner plazas. 

[ 参与：活动网络节点 ]

[ Engagement: Activate network nodes ]

活力

源于场地的历史、地质和文化，这条廊道承载了人们与水系长久以来的深刻关系，控制水势，疏导洪水。节点彰显历史性的滨水文化，同时引入系统性元素激活廊道和网络节点。这种生态、步行路线、与打卡节点配套的叠加，设定了一个基于景观设计导则的城市框架基础。

VIBRANCY 

Drawing from the site's history, geology and culture, the thread becomes people's ongoing relationship with water and the systems channelling and controlling it. Nodes celebrate historical waterfront culture while introducing programmatic elements to activate corridors and network nodes alike. This overlay of ecology, pedestrian routes and exciting nodes sets the stage for an urban framework formed from landscape architecture principles.

[ 生态：打造绿色基础设施 ]

[ Ecology: Establish green infrastructure ]

可持续性

首先将退化的水系相互连接将改善水文条件，增加了水体的流动性。其次将硬质和裸露的水系改造成湿地以净化水质，从而为当地物种提供必要的栖息地。这些滨水区还搭配了屋顶花园、渗透性铺装、竹甲板和低生物量排放的行道树。

SUSTAINABILITY

Connecting degraded canals to one another will improve hydrology, with increased flow counteracting stagnant conditions. Transforming canals from hard edged and exposed into wetlands will clean the water and provide essential habitat for local species. These waterfronts are complemented by green roofs, permeable paving, bamboo decks, and street trees selected for their low biogenic emissions.

[ 九塘河带 ]

[ Jiutang River Belt ]

区域景观框架

杭州湾新城南侧框架以连通性、参与和可持续性作为所有策略的基础，更详细地构建了该框架以实现这些目标。首先连接到附近区域，然后建立内部系统。该框架由两个河带和两个滨水环道组成，与该地区的南北中心核心重合。

DISTRICT LANDSCAPE FRAMEWORK

Using Connection, Engagement and Sustainability as the basis for all decisions, the HBNT South District framework was built up in more detail to meet those goals. First linking to nearby areas, then establishing an internal logic. Consisting of two river corridors and two waterfront loops, the framework coincides with the district's North-South central core. 

九塘为东西走向大堤，意为“九堤”，于1960年形成海岸线。这座历史堤坝以前曾是一道屏障，现在正在进行修复、重新设计和提升，以促进廊道的空间规划。九塘长廊贯穿整个场地，穿越各种城市用地，形成一系列开放空间。独特的设施、积极的活动配套和户外阶梯剧场，将自然和文化融入城市环境，创造出充满活力和温馨的空间。

Running East-West, Jiutang means "Ninth dike" which formed the shoreline in 1960. This historic structure—which has previously acted as a barrier—is being restored, repurposed and renewed to contribute to the spatial logic of the corridor. Jiutang River Corridor runs through the site, crossing a variety of urban land uses and shaping a range of open spaces. With unique installations, active programming, and terraced amphitheater edges, this waterfront integrates nature and culture into the urban environment to create vibrant and welcoming spaces.

[ 八塘河生态滨河带 ]

[ Batang Eco-Corridor ]

[ 活力水岸环道 ]

[ Vibrant Waterfront Loop ]

[ 社交花园环道 ]

[ Social Garden Loop ]

九塘以南的八塘河生态滨河带提供了一个舒心的氛围与软质边缘的空间。这条走廊穿过未开发区域，架起了城乡之间的桥梁。城市中心区域被连接在一起，充满活力的滨水环线创造了一种精致而郁郁葱葱的城市体验，方便大型聚会和繁忙的步行交通。社交花园环道围绕城市的核心，主要服务居民和社区。花园体验连接到更大的水道，可提供更亲密的滨水体验。

South of Jiutang, the Batang Eco-Corridor provides a soothing atmosphere with softer edges. Passing through undeveloped areas, this corridor bridges the gap between rural and urban. Tying together the central area, the Vibrant Waterfront Loop creates a refined and lush urban experience that facilitates large gatherings and heavy foot traffic. Encircling the city core, the Social Garden Loop caters primarily to residents and community. Connecting to larger water channels, the garden experience provides more intimate waterfront experiences.

[ 实施愿景 ]

[ Implementing the Vision ]

在多个尺度上，以水系连接的杭州湾新城区构建了基于景观基础设施的城市发展，拓展了景观的边界。水系和堤防基础设施仍然是杭州湾新区公共空间的关键，它将继续创造这个植根于文化和历史、充满回忆的独特场所。

Working across scales, the canal connected city pushes the bounds of landscape architecture by building an urban development based on integrated landscape infrastructure. The canals and dike infrastructure remain essential to Hangzhou Bay New Town public space to create a unique and memorable place rooted in culture and history.

水蓝智谷：宜居创新水乡

BLUE KUNSHAN: A LIVABLE INNOVATION DISTRICT 

[ 2020年美国景观设计师协会北加州分会（ASLA-NCC）城市设计类优等奖 ]

[ ASLA-NCC 2020 MERIT AWARD for Urban Design ]

愿景

水蓝智谷计划通过整合景观基础设施的生态、休闲游憩和文化层面，建构一个宜居、创新、开放的空间体系。设计的目标是以清晰缜密的系统性城市框架，依循既有的水系纹理，实现充满活力、生态的公共领域，为周边居民提供健康的户外生活空间。

VISION

Blue Kunshan’s masterplan envisions a new livable innovation district by integrating ecological, recreational and cultural layers of landscape infrastructure. The goal of the design is to implement a strong urban framework that achieves dynamic public realm and promotes a healthy outdoor lifestyle for its residents and workers, while still prioritizing the health of the existing hydrological network.

总体规划整合了不同尺度系统，目标是建立了一个宜居的创新水岸。总体规划优先考虑可持续性发展，重建流域的水文功能，以维持绿色基础设施和居民的健康生活方式。

The site plan integrates all systematic layers through practical implementation methods to establish a livable innovation district. Prioritizing sustainability, the masterplan reestablishes the hydrological function of the watershed to sustain modern infrastructure and an active lifestyle.

活力的公共空间

现今的昆山西部看来绿意盎然，但是超大街廓的封闭小区反映出浓密林荫的街道较无人迹。水蓝智谷的目的是期望透过精心布置的活动机能、空间营造与连接，激活现有的水道、公园与街道等公共绿地。首要的课题，是重新建立人与纵横水网间的深刻联系，将低使用度的滨水绿地，延伸作为通往各种静态与动态活动节点的网络，再叠加绿色基础设施的街道网路，交织成昆山西部完整绵密、慢行友善、生态可持续且有文化特色的公共开放空间系统。藉由绿色基础设施街道的提升，在原本闲置的街道边上将会布置亲切特色的口袋社交空间，摆放特色街道家具、灯光设计与标识系统，从而打造成鲜明的区域特色以活化公共空间，营造出明显且连贯的区域特色。

DYNAMIC PUBLIC REALM

The existing condition of Kunshan West is inward in nature. Superblocks of walled-off residential development have left both streetscape and open space vacant and unsafe. The masterplan strives to activate these under-utilized layers of canals, streets and parks through intentional programming, placemaking and connection. The masterplan first addresses the extensive canal system that has lost its relationship to people. Taking advantage of unused waterfront, recreational pathways are designed to meander along the canals and connect to programmatic nodes that offer spaces for both passive and active activity. The design of Kunshan West's green street system provides a sustainable, cultural and pedestrian-friendly streetscape that functions as an extension of other open space systems. Elevated by green infrastructure, the vibrancy of the streetscape is cultivated by social pockets with signature street furniture and lighting that bring life to the connective tissue of the district. The recognizable character of the streetscape in turn enables a strong and consistent identity for the district to be established.

不同尺度的城市公园通过建议一系列活跃的活动来打造一个全区的综合公园系统。这些公园考虑位置和环境的便利性，分别为各年龄段的居民提供服务。在校园区，建议了运动公园、校园广场、与啤酒花园等功能，为学生和科技工作者提供了社交和促进创新讨论的空间。在住宅区附近则规划了游戏场、宠物公园及漫步水岸等。在此城市框架下，通过慢行系统和设施节点进驻，进一步服务所有社区不同世代的居民。慢行系统策略性的为所有社区提供了与公共设施的连接机会，居民们可以很容易的到达街道、公园、水滨。便利设施节点被配置在策略性的位置，提供休憩、社会参与和连接到分支路线的机会。不同规模的服务配套设施节点，不仅服务行人和自行车骑士，也保持弹性提供服务给想换乘交通工具的使用者。

Creating a comprehensive park system across the district, different scales of parks are designed with a range of dynamic programs. Serving different age groups of users throughout Kunshan West, parks provide amenities to suit their location and context. Within the campus zone of the district, sports parks, campus plazas and beer gardens offer space for socializing and foster innovative discussion amongst students and tech workers. In the residential zone of the district, playgrounds, dog parks and strolling waterfronts cultivate community on the doorsteps of those living in Kunshan West.Making the entire urban framework accessible through bike trails and amenity nodes, the masterplan serves all neighborhoods and generations of Kunshan West. The cycle lane network strategically establishes an accessible system that provides opportunities for all neighborhoods to connect to public amenities throughout streets, parks and waterfronts. To create a quality experience along the network, amenity nodes are placed in strategic locations to encourage rest, social engagement and connection to branching district cycle routes. Amenity nodes accommodate a variety of programs that support not only pedestrians and cyclists, but also visitors who arrive by car and want to change modes of transportation. 

恢复生态水岸系统，使其成为社会、休憩和生态功能的总体框架，以服务和连接邻近的社区和其他开放空间网络。

The aim is to restore the canal system as the overarching framework for social, recreational, and ecological functions of the urban watershed, to serve and connect adjacent neighborhoods and other open space networks.

健康的城市水岸是由系统性的公共领域所组成，既解决了该地区的宜居性，又优先考虑集水区的生态健康。

A healthy urban watershed is formed by the integration of systematic layers that addresses the livability of the district while still prioritizing the ecological health of the watershed as well.

整合全区河道、动态公园和街道网络系统，建立可持续的、充满活力与具有文化特色的开放空间，为所有社区与慢行系统服务。

The strategy is to create a comprehensive park system alongside existing parks to provide different scales and dynamic programs, that is accessible and serves all neighborhoods and generations.

提供了一个可持续的丶有文化内涵的丶步行和自行车友善的街道景观，延伸和连接其他开放空间系统和社区，保持景观一致性。

The design provides a sustainable, cultural and pedestrian / bike-friendly streetscape that extends and links other open space systems and neighborhoods to create a strong and consistent natural identity for the district.

区域可持续发展

水蓝智谷总体规划的优先事项是改善和维持该地区生态健康，通过设计生态河道水岸系统、大幅度增加湿地面积、利用透水铺装与种植，来缓和地表雨水径流，改善河道水质。运河滨水区将通过打造多样的种植空间，提升水系的生态价值，并通过为都市环境中的野生动植物提供宝贵的栖息地，促进生态多样性。修缮水岸缓坡和有效的滨水区种植，也可增加流域的水文功能。此外，在街道景观和公园设计中都规划了绿色基础设施，以缓解降雨期间雨水通道上的压力。此外，人行道和自行车道的透水铺装，增加的树冠覆盖率，公共领域的雨水花园可拦截降雨进入河道系统，都有助于雨水的收集和处理。

DISTRICT SUSTAINABILITY

As a priority of the Blue Kunshan masterplan to enhance and maintain the ecological health of the district, restoration of the strained waterways is addressed by designing eco-canal waterfronts and by treating stormwater runoff in adjacent layers of public realm.Transformation of concrete-edged canals into eco-canals is achieved by enhancing canal waterfronts into soft and diversely planted space. By promoting eco-diversity in this layer of public realm, the district can provide valuable habitat for wildlife in an urban environment. Regrading gentler canal slopes and effective waterfront planting recharges the hydrological function of the watershed as well.In addition, effective green infrastructure measures are planned into both streetscape and park design in order to alleviate pressure on canals during significant times of rainfall. Permeable paving for sidewalks and bike lanes, increased tree canopy coverage, and rain gardens in all areas of public realm help with stormwater retention and treatment before water enters into the district-wide canal system. 

城市框架可以通过慢行系统和设施节点进驻，提供了居民使用街道、公园和滨水公共设施的机会。

The design aims to establish accessible and quality cycle lane systems to provide opportunities for all neighborhoods to connect to all public amenities and districts through open space.

全区实施可持续发展规划，建立整合性、生态友善和创新的地区，以改善都市水文健康和宜居性。

The goal is to create an integrated, eco-friendly and innovative district through the implementation of sustainable practices across all district- wide infrastructure to improve the overall health, function and livability of the urban watershed.

识别系統

水蓝智谷计划建议了具有凝聚力的品牌策略和独特辨识系统的使用，可以在开放空间中产生有效的连结及连续性，增加居民对环境的识别及认同。为了使整个地区具有鲜明的特色，公共领域设计建议了明亮和高度可适性的路标系统。干净的色块和标示体现出具有凝聚感的都市品牌，反映了该区与滨水生活的历史联系。此外，琼花、并蒂莲等元素在功能和铺装图案设计上的使用，反映了昆山文化上的自然元素。为了加强整个地区的创新氛围，街道景观、公园和水系皆运用了可持续技术和智能家具的元素。太阳能板和生态照明等节能功能，不仅提供干净能源并减少开放空间资源浪费，也传达出用科学技术解决问题的能力。

CULTURAL IDENTITY

In a sea of ever-expanding development of one Suzhou’s most prominent suburbs, the cultural identity of Kunshan West is lacking recognition and continuity. The masterplan addresses this need with a cohesive branding strategy and use of unique features in open spaces to effectively promote Kunshan West as an innovative and sustainable district.To reinvigorate the area with a strong district-wide identity, a vibrant and adaptable wayfinding system is used in all layers of public realm. Cohesive city branding is achieved through the use of a clean color palette and a logo that reflects the district’s historical connection to waterfront living. Additionally, floral patterns that reference the city’s official flower of Viburnum are used on both features and paving patterns.To reinforce the innovative culture of the whole district, streetscape, parks, and canals showcase elements of sustainable tech and smart furniture. Not only do features like solar panels and eco-lighting work to provide clean energy sources and reduce natural waste for open space amenities, they visually remind people of the district’s unique ability to bring tech solutions to the public realm.

为了使整个地区具有鲜明的特色，公共领域设计采用了明亮和高度可适性的路标系统。干净的色块和标示来体现了具有凝聚感的都市品牌。

To create a cohesive identity for the district that represents the culture and sustainable character of the city, the design incorporates a complimentary logo and color palette.

校园创新走廊吸引了该地区的学生和科技工作者，可以在舒适的氛围中购物丶运动和社交活动，并促进思想交流。

The campus Innovation Corridor attracts the students and tech workers of the area with opportunities to shop, exercise and socialize in an energetic atmosphere where the exchange of ideas is fostered by dynamic amenities.

社区生活走廊是一个滨水公园，提供适合各年龄段的活动项目，服务周边居民。水岸公园为游客提供了互动、休闲和教育学习机会。

The Community Living Corridor is a riverfront park that provides a variety of active programs suitable for all ages, serving the residents of neighboring development. Visitors are offered vibrant interaction, leisure and education opportunities here along the canal.

中心环路作为实践策略

此区域中以绿廊系统组织水系、道路与公园等层次，构建了格状、线性的城市结构。庙泾河中心水廊作为东西向的生态廊道是其生态脊柱。基于此，一个中心慢行系统回路的实施，被考虑作为庙泾河往北整合中心湖的核心区域，将东侧住宅为主与西北侧教育为主的功能布局连为一体。如此回路的实施，短期或可最有效率的服务整个区域，长期也可往外辐射延伸，将慢行网络完善到其他位置。

CENTRAL LOOP AS AN IMPLEMENTING STRATEGY

While the linear corridor system was the primary organizational component for integrating canals, roadway, and parks, a central loop for pedestrians and bikes, on top of the grid structure, was proposed. It’s for connecting Miaojing River Central Water Corridor and Central Lake, and interfacing the residential areas at the east, and educational institutions at the west and north. This implementing strategy will allow the open space to serve the majority of the areas in the short-term, and leave the most flexibility to extend outward in the long run. 

一个中心慢行系统回路的实施，被考虑作为庙泾河往北整合中心湖的核心区域，将东侧住宅为主的区域与西北侧教育为主的功能布局连为一体。

It’s for connecting Miaojing River Central Water Corridor and Central Lake, and interfacing the residential areas at the east, and educational institutions at the west and north. 

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