学习主席讲话要点，回顾改革开放40年大事记

大家好，我是M君，一个集经验

与才华于一身的良心小编。

18日上午，庆祝改革开放40周年大会在人民大会堂隆重举行，在大会上，习主席精彩的讲话掷地有声，振奋人心！“艰难困苦，玉汝于成”、“行之力则知愈进，知之深则行愈达”、“治世不一道，便国不法古”......习主席在讲话中一如既往地引经据典，妙语连珠，这些古语的来历你知道么？如何将这些重要表述介绍给世界呢？习主席的演讲中又还有哪些金句呢？下面就让我们一起来看看吧~M君还为大家准备了改革开放40年以来的大事记哦！

Day Day Up

1艰难困苦，玉汝于成

艰难困苦，玉汝于成。40年来，我们解放思想、实事求是，大胆地试、勇敢地改，干出了一片新天地。

【出处】北宋哲学家张载的《正蒙·乾称篇》：“富贵福泽，将厚吾之生也；贫贱忧戚，庸玉汝于成也。”

【解析】贫穷卑贱和令人忧伤的客观条件，其实可以磨练人的意志，用来帮助你达到成功。

【英文】Success only comes through hard work.

2行之力则知愈进，知之深则行愈达

只有顺应历史潮流，积极应变，主动求变，才能与时代同行。“行之力则知愈进，知之深则行愈达。”

【出处】宋代理学家张栻的《论语解·序》

【解析】阐释了“知”与“行”的相互作用，“知”与“行”相互生发、相互促进，越是深入实践，认识越能精进；而反过来，有了越发深刻的认识，实践越能通达透彻。

【英文】Practice enriches knowledge. More knowledge leads to better practice.

3周虽旧邦，其命维新

几千年前，中华民族的先民们就秉持“周虽旧邦，其命维新”的精神，开启了缔造中华文明的伟大实践。

【出处】《诗经·大雅·文王》

【解析】周虽然是旧的邦国，但其使命在革新。同样的道理，中国虽是文明古国，但想保持长盛不衰，就需要不断地自我更新。

【英文】Even an established nation like Zhou still regards self-renewal as its mission.

4治世不一道，便国不法古

自古以来，中国大地上发生了无数变法变革图强运动，留下了“治世不一道，便国不法古”等豪迈宣言。

【出处】《史记·商君列传》：“治世不一道，便国不法古。故汤武不循古而王，夏殷不易礼而亡。反古者不可非，而循礼者不足多。”

【解析】治理国家不能按照死板的方法去做，要根据实际情况灵活变通在旧方法已经失效的情况下，就必须创新了。

【英文】There is more than one way of governance and the ancient way is not the only way to develop a nation.

5天下大同、协和万邦

自古以来，中华民族就以“天下大同”、“协和万邦”的宽广胸怀，自信而又大度地开展同域外民族交往和文化交流，曾经谱写了万里驼铃万里波的浩浩丝路长歌，也曾经创造了万国衣冠会长安的盛唐气象。

【出处】 “天下大同”出自《礼记·礼运》；“协和万邦”出自《尚书·尧典》：“百姓昭明，协和万邦，黎民于变时雍。”

【解析】天下大同是儒家思想，人人友爱互助、家家安居乐业，没有差异没有战争，体现着人们对未来社会的美好憧憬，更体现着中华优秀传统文化的深刻内涵。协和万邦主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来，引申到今天则是协调不同国家之间的关系，让各个国家都能够相互尊重、相互合作、共同发展。

【英文】All people under the heaven are of one family and all nations should live in harmony.

6天行健，君子以自强不息

正是这种“天行健，君子以自强不息”、“地势坤，君子以厚德载物”的变革和开放精神，使中华文明成为人类历史上唯一一个绵延5000多年至今未曾中断的灿烂文明。

【出处】《周易》

【解析】天（即自然）的运动刚强劲健，君子处世，也应像天一样自我力求进步、刚毅坚卓、发愤图强、永不停息。

【英文】Our ancestors told us that as heaven maintains vigor through movement, a gentleman should constantly strive for self perfection.

7事者，生于虑，成于务，失于傲

古人说：“事者，生于虑，成于务，失于傲。”伟大梦想不是等得来、喊得来的，而是拼出来、干出来的。

【出处】《管子·乘马》

【解析】各项事业都产生于周详的谋略，成功于辛勤的努力，失败于骄奢的放纵。对于今天来说，“生于虑”就是要未雨绸缪，周密考虑和精心安排各项工作；“成于务”就是要把党和政府的各项政策措施落到实处；“失于傲”就是说越是形势好越要保持清醒头脑，越要增强忧患意识。

【英文】Careful planning and concrete actions lead to success, while complacency results in failure.

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习近平的讲话掷地有声、振奋人心，以下双语金句大家可以学习一下：

我们这么大一个国家，就应该有雄心壮志。

A big country like China should have a grand vision.

改什么、怎么改必须以是否符合完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的总目标为根本尺度，该改的、能改的我们坚决改，不该改的、不能改的坚决不改。

What to reform and how to go about the reform must be consistent with the overarching goal of improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing China's system and capacity for governance. We will resolutely reform what should and can be reformed, and make no change where there should not and cannot be any reform.

我们用几十年时间走完了发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程。

In just a few decades, we have completed an industrialization process that took developed countries several hundred years.

在中国人民手中，不可能成为了可能。我们为创造了人间奇迹的中国人民感到无比自豪、无比骄傲！

The Chinese people have achieved what was once impossible. We are immensely proud of our fellow country men and women who have worked an unprecedented miracle.

中国特色社会主义道路是当代中国大踏步赶上时代、引领时代发展的康庄大道，必须毫不动摇走下去。

Socialism with Chinese characteristics provides a broad pathway for China to advance with the times and steer the course of development today. We must therefore stay the course.

更多金句大家可以通过M君在大会当天发布的主席演讲实录进行学习！习主席的讲话信息量巨大，演讲全文长达1万3千余字，我们可以就下面总结的要点来进行学习：

01

伟大改革开放精神

改革开放铸就的伟大改革开放精神，极大丰富了民族精神内涵，成为当代中国人民最鲜明的精神标识！

The great spirit of reform and opening-up, which is born out of our 40-year-long endeavors, has significantly enriched our national character and become the most prominent hallmark of the Chinese people in modern days.

02

对改革开放的评价

改革开放是我们党的一次伟大觉醒，正是这个伟大觉醒孕育了我们党从理论到实践的伟大创造。

Reform and opening-up is a great reawakening of the Communist Party of China (CPC), nurturing great creativity in both theory and practice for the CPC.

改革开放是中国人民和中华民族发展史上一次伟大革命，正是这个伟大革命推动了中国特色社会主义事业的伟大飞跃！

It is the great revolution that propelled a quantum leap forward in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

03

四个“基于”

我们党作出实行改革开放的历史性决策，是基于对党和国家前途命运的深刻把握，是基于对社会主义革命和建设实践的深刻总结，是基于对时代潮流的深刻洞察，是基于对人民群众期盼和需要的深刻体悟。

The Party made the historic decision of going for reform and opening-up, based on a profound grasp of the future of the Party and of the country, on an in-depth review of the experience gained in socialist revolution and development, on keen insights into the trends of the times, and on a thorough understanding of people's aspirations and needs. 

04

三大“里程碑”

建立中国共产党、成立中华人民共和国、推进改革开放和中国特色社会主义事业，是五四运动以来我国发生的三大历史性事件，是近代以来实现中华民族伟大复兴的三大里程碑。

The founding of the Communist Party of China, the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the pursuit of reform and opening-up and socialism with Chinese characteristics were the milestones on the way toward great national rejuvenation in modern times. They represent three historic events that took place after the May Fourth Movement in 1919.

05

十个“始终坚持”

▌40年来，我们始终坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进、求真务实，坚持马克思主义指导地位不动摇，坚持科学社会主义基本原则不动摇。

China has demonstrated the vitality of scientific socialism with indisputable facts.

▌40年来，我们始终坚持以经济建设为中心，不断解放和发展社会生产力。

China has made decisive strides on the journey of growing rich and becoming strong.

▌40年来，我们始终坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，不断深化政治体制改革。

China has developed its socialist democracy.

▌40年来，我们始终坚持发展社会主义先进文化，加强社会主义精神文明建设。

China has significantly raised its cultural soft power and the international influence of Chinese culture.

▌40年来，我们始终坚持在发展中保障和改善民生。

China has bid farewell to the problems that plagued its people for thousands of years, including hunger, shortage and poverty.

▌40年来，我们始终坚持保护环境和节约资源，坚持推进生态文明建设。

China has significantly strengthened ecological and environmental governance.

▌40年来，我们始终坚持党对军队的绝对领导，不断推进国防和军队现代化。

The people's army has become an invincible force safeguarding people's well-being, and defending the motherland and world peace.

▌40年来，我们始终坚持推进祖国和平统一大业，实施“一国两制”基本方针。

We have always been committed to advancing the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland. The national identity and cultural identity of Chinese both at home and overseas have been significantly strengthened.

▌40年来，我们始终坚持独立自主的和平外交政策。

China is moving closer to the center stage of the world as a widely recognized promoter of world peace, contributor to global development and upholder of international order.

▌40年来，我们始终坚持加强和改善党的领导。

The Communist Party of China has always been committed to strengthening and improving its leadership, and has won a sweeping victory in the anti-corruption campaign.

06

三个“伟大飞跃”

40年春风化雨、春华秋实，改革开放极大改变了中国的面貌、中华民族的面貌、中国人民的面貌、中国共产党的面貌。

▌中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃！

The Chinese nation has achieved a tremendous transformation from standing up, growing rich to becoming strong.

▌中国特色社会主义迎来了从创立、发展到完善的伟大飞跃！

Socialism with Chinese characteristics has achieved a tremendous transformation from establishment, development to improvement.

▌中国人民迎来了从温饱不足到小康富裕的伟大飞跃！

The Chinese people have achieved a tremendous transformation from the days of scarcity to a life of moderate prosperity.

07

三个“充分证明”

▌40年的实践充分证明，党的十一届三中全会以来我们党团结带领全国各族人民开辟的中国特色社会道路、理论、制度、文化是完全正确的，形成的党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略是完全正确的。

The past 40 years eloquently prove that the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics pioneered in the wake of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee by the Chinese people of all ethnic groups rallying under the leadership of the CPC are completely correct, and the CPC basic theory, line and policy that have since taken shape are completely correct.

▌40年的实践充分证明，中国发展为广大发展中国家走向现代化提供了成功经验、展现了光明前景，是促进世界和平与发展的强大力量，是中华民族对人类文明进步作出的重大贡献。

The past 40 years eloquently prove that China's development provides a successful experience and offers a bright prospect for other developing countries as they strive for modernization. China's development has effectively served the cause of world peace and development and represents a great contribution of the Chinese nation to the progress of human civilization.

▌40年实践充分证明，改革开放是党和人民大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝，是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的必由之路，是决定当代中国命运的关键一招，也是决定实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的关键一招。

The past 40 years eloquently prove that the reform and opening-up is an important way for the Party and the people to stride ahead to catch up with the times, the only path to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, a game-changing move in making China what it is today, and a game-changing move for us to achieve China's two centenary goals and its great national rejuvenation.

08

九条“宝贵经验”

▌第一，必须坚持党对一切工作的领导，不断加强和改善党的领导。

First, we must see that the Party exercises leadership over all work and keeps enhancing and improving its way of leadership.

▌第二，必须坚持以人民为中心，不断实现人民对美好生活的向往。

Second, we must adhere to a people-oriented approach and keep delivering on the aspirations of the people for a better life.

▌第三，必须坚持马克思主义指导地位，不断推进实践基础上的理论创新。

Third, we must uphold Marxism as our guiding ideology and explore theoretical innovations based on practice.

▌第四，必须坚持走中国特色社会主义道路，不断坚持和发展中国特色社会主义。

Fourth, we must stay on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and uphold and develop socialism with Chinese features.

▌第五，必须坚持完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，不断发挥和增强我国制度优势。

Fifth, we must improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics to harness and enhance the advantages of our system.

▌第六，必须坚持以发展为第一要务，不断增强我国综合国力。

Sixth, we must continue to take development as the top priority and enhance our composite national strength.

▌第七，必须坚持扩大开放，不断推动共建人类命运共同体。

Seventh, we must stay committed to reform and opening-up and promote joint efforts to build a community with a shared future for mankind.

▌第八，必须坚持全面从严治党，不断提高党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力。

Eighth, we must exercise full and rigorous governance over the Party to strengthen its capacity to innovate, power to unite, and energy to fight.

▌第九，必须坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义世界观和方法论，正确处理改革发展稳定关系。

Ninth, we must maintain the worldview and methodology of dialectical and historical materialism to strike a balance between reform, development and stability.

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改革开放40年，我们强大的祖国都经历了些什么呢？跟着M君一起来回顾这40年间值得每个中国人骄傲的事件吧：

01

1978: The 3rd plenary session of the 11thCentral Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing

1978：中国共产党十一届三中全会在北京举行

In December 1978, the 11th Central Committee of the CPC held its third plenary session Beijing, marking the prelude to the reform and opening-up policy through which China would carry out reform domestically and open itself to the world.

The meeting decided that the focus of the Party's work should shift to socialist modernization as of 1979, and the new mission of the Party was to build the country into a great modern socialist country.

1978年12月，中国共产党十一届三中全会在北京召开，标志着中国开始实行对内改革、对外开放政策，揭开了中国改革开放的序幕。全会决定从1979年起，把全党的工作重点转移到社会主义现代化建设上来，并指出党在新时期的历史任务是把中国建设成为社会主义现代化强国。

02

1979: The first special economic zones were built

1979：设立经济特区

In July 1979, the country planned to launch special pilot export zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen, and renamed them as special economic zones the next May.

The special economic zones, when firstly established, played a crucial role in promoting reform and opening-up, and expanding foreign economic exchanges as the country lacked experience in doing business with other countries and suffered from an incomplete legal system.

1979年7月，中国决定在深圳、珠海、汕头和厦门试办出口特区。1980年5月正式将“出口特区”改名为“经济特区”。改革开放之初，在缺少对外经济交往经验、国内法律体系不健全的情况下，设立经济特区为中国进一步改革开放、扩大对外经济交流起到了极为重要的作用。

03

1982: The household responsibility system was adopted

1982：家庭联产承包责任制确立

On January 1, 1982, the Party unveiled its first document ever on rural work, adopting the household responsibility system. In the system, a household is taken as a unit and given a quota of goods to produce. It is also contracted with land and other production facilities for independent production and operation according to the contract.

In 1983, the system started to be promoted nationwide, finding a new path for rationalizing the country's rural production and opening the chapter for rural reform.

1982年1月1日，中国共产党历史上第一个关于农村工作的一号文件正式出台，确立了家庭联产承包责任制。家庭联产承包责任制是农民以家庭为单位，实行包产到户，在农业生产中农户作为一个相对独立的经济实体承包经营集体的土地和其他大型生产资料，按照合同规定自主地进行生产和经营。1983年家庭联产承包责任制开始在全国推广，为中国理顺农村生产关系打开了新路子，拉开了农村改革的大幕。

04

1986: The reform on enterprise ownership was launched

1986：全民所有制企业改革启动

On December 5, 1986, the State Council announced the "Provisions on deepening the reform and enhancing vitality of enterprises". The Provision stipulated that state-owned small enterprises can actively introduce trial leasing and contract operation.

State-owned large and medium-sized enterprises would adopt various forms of management responsibility. A few eligible private-owned large and medium-sized enterprises would be selected for trials.

The introduction of the provision was of great significance for further streamlining administration and delegating powers, expanding enterprise autonomy, propelling reform of the internal mechanisms of the enterprises.

1986年12月，中国国务院作出《关于深化企业改革增强企业活力的若干规定》，提出全民所有制小型企业可积极试行租赁、承包经营。全民所有制大中型企业要实行多种形式的经营责任制，各地可以选择少数有条件的全民所有制大中型企业进行股份制试点。这对进一步简政放权，扩大企业经营自主权，促进企业内部机制改革，具有重要意义。

A staff member of an American company introduces an eye inspection instrument at the exhibition area of medical equipment & health care. 

05

1992: Deng Xiaoping delivered speeches during his tour to southern China

1992：邓小平发表南方谈话

At the beginning of 1992, Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's economic reform, made a series of speeches during his famous tour to southern China, further pushing forward the country’s economic reform.

In the speeches, Deng reiterated the necessity and significance of deepening reform and speeding up development, stressed that the country should hold onto economic construction as the central task, unswervingly adhere to the basic lines of the Party for the primary stage of socialism for the next 100 years and achieve common prosperity step by step. His remarks pointed direction for reform and opening-up in the new era.

1992年初，中国改革开放总设计师邓小平在南方视察时发表一系列谈话，进一步推动了经济改革。讲话重申了深化改革、加速发展的必要性和重要性，强调要扭住经济建设这个中心，坚持党的基本路线一百年不动摇，逐步实现共同富裕，为新时期改革开放指明道路。

06

2001: China joined WTO

2001：中国加入世界贸易组织

On Dec.11, 2011, China officially joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), becoming the 143th member of the economic bloc. It signified that the country had moved its opening-up onto a new stage. After its accession to the bloc, China deeply took part in the process of economic globalization, providing huge opportunities for the global market.

2001年12月11日，中国正式加入世界贸易组织（WTO），成为第143个成员，标志着中国对外开放进入了一个全新阶段。加入WTO后，中国深入参与到经济全球化的进程中，也为世界提供了巨大的市场机遇。

07

2013: China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative and prepared to launch the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)

2013：中国提出“一带一路”倡议，筹备建设亚投行

In the fall of 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping unveiled the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road concepts. The co-construction of the Belt and Road is becoming a Chinese solution for China to take part in global openness and cooperation, facilitate common prosperity of the world, and push for the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.

To promote steady implementation of the Belt and Road construction, President Xi proposed to prepare for the launch of AIIB. On Dec.25, 2015, the bank was set up and a month later was open for business. AIIB, the first China-proposed multilateral financial organization in the world, has recruited 87 members so far.

2013年秋，中国国家主席习近平先后提出建设“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”重大倡议。共建“一带一路”正在成为中国参与全球开放合作、改善全球经济治理体系、促进全球共同发展繁荣、推动构建人类命运共同体的中国方案。为牵引“一带一路”建设扎实推进，习近平主席提出倡议筹建亚洲基础设施投资银行。2015年12月25日，亚投行正式成立，并于2016年1月正式开业。亚投行是全球首个由中国倡议设立的多边金融机构，目前已有87个成员。

As a landmark project of the Belt and Road Initiative, the Mombasa-Nairobi SGR was built for traffic on May 30, 2017. The 480-km SGR, built by the China Road and Bridge Corporation stretches from the port of Mombasa to Kenya's capital Nairobi, involving a total investment of 3.8 billion U.S. dollars. It is Kenya's largest infrastructure project since the country gained independence. 

08

2013: The first pilot free trade zone was launched in China

2013：中国首个自由贸易试验区成立

In September 2013, the State Council approved the establishment of China (Shanghai) Pilot Free-Trade Zone (FTZ), which marked the official establishment of the first of its kind in China. 

The key system exploration of the FTZ is investment management centered on negative list management, a trade regulatory system centered on trade facilitation and an innovative financial system targeting capital account convertibility and service openness, with the aim of building an innovative system that measures up to international trade and investment rules and standards.

The free trade zone gives full play to the radiating and leading effect of key functions such as finance, trade, advanced manufacturing and science and technology innovation. It indicates that China's reform and opening up has reached a comprehensive level.

At present, China has approved the establishment of 11 pilot free trade zones in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, Fujian, Shaanxi, etc.

2013年9月，国务院批复成立中国（上海）自由贸易试验区，中国首个自由贸易试验区正式成立。自贸试验区以深化完善以负面清单管理为核心的投资管理制度、以贸易便利化为重点的贸易监管制度、以资本项目可兑换和金融服务业开放为目标的金融创新制度为目标，推动形成与国际投资贸易通行规则相衔接的制度创新体系，充分发挥金融贸易、先进制造、科技创新等重点功能承载区的辐射带动作用，是中国改革开放进入深水阶段的缩影。

目前，中国已经目前中国已批准设立上海、广东、天津、福建、陕西等11个自由贸易试验区。

09

2015: The RMB joined the SDR basket

2015：人民币加入SDR货币篮子

In Dec. 2015, the International Monetary Fund decided to include China's RMB in the SDR basket, and the decision came into effect on Oct. 1, 2016.

The RMB officially became the fifth currency in the SDR basket, following the U.S. dollar, the euro, the British pound, and the Japanese yen. RMB's inclusion injected fresh impetus to the currency’s globalization. It was conducive for China’s new round of reform and opening up, as well as the further improvement of the international monetary system.

2015年12月，国际货币基金组织决定将人民币纳入特别提款权（SDR）货币篮子，2016年10月1日正式生效。人民币正式成为继美元、欧元、英镑和日元之后，加入SDR货币篮子的第五种货币。人民币加入SDR货币篮子为人民币国际化注入了新动力，有利于促进中国进一步改革开放，也将推动国际货币体系的进一步完善。

10

2017: The 19th CPC National Congress was held in Beijing

2017：中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会召开

In October 2017, the 19th CPC National Congress was held in Beijing. The National Congress made clear plans to comprehensively deepen reform, further promote the country's national governance and the modernization of the same, and urged the country to develop a well-built, scientific and effective institutional system. The 19th CPC National Congress ushered in a new chapter for socialism with Chinese characteristics. 　　

2017年10月，中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会在北京召开。会议对中国全面深化改革作出明确谋划，提出要不断推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，构建系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系。十九大开启了中国特色社会主义事业的新征程。

11

2018: The first China International Import Expo was held in Shanghai

2018：首届中国国际进口博览会圆满举行

In November 2018, the first China International Import Expo (CIIE) was successfully held in Shanghai, attracting more than 400,000 domestic and overseas purchasers. During the Expo, deals for intended purchase of goods and services within a year totaled $57.83 billion.

CIIE was the world's first import expo held at national level, an innovation in the history of global trade. It is a major initiative for China to show its support for trade liberalization and economic globalization, and further open up its market to the rest of the world. It is conducive to boosting the growth of the global trade and economy, and will push the development of an open world economy. 

2018年11月，首届中国国际进口博览会成功举行，超过40万名境内外采购商到会洽谈采购,达成累计意向成交额578.3亿美元。这是迄今为止世界上第一个以进口为主题的大型国家级展会，是国际贸易发展史上一大创举。它是中国坚定支持贸易自由化和经济全球化、主动向世界开放市场的重大举措，有利于促进全球贸易和世界经济增长，推动开放型世界经济发展。

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