【说文载道】豪放派
豪放派
háo fàng pài
Haofang School / Bold and Unconstrained School
This is one of the two ci (词) lyric schools of the Song Dynasty, which mainly dealt with major affairs of the nation and expresses noble aspirations. Itfeatured broad vision and bold expression, often employing the methods of prose poetry and uninhibited by metric stereotypes. The first poet who used the term “bold and unconstrained” was Su Shi who, together with Xin Qiji, was widely acclaimed by Southern Song critics as the leading poets of this school. Northern Song writer Fan Zhongyan created this school with his ci lyric, A Fisherman’s Song, which grew into a major poetic style thanks mainly to Su Shi’s contribution. After the Central Plains fell to the Jin forces, the Song court fled south of the Yangtze River and was too weak to recover the lost territory. Many ci poets, led by Xin Qiji and supported by other prominent poets such as Chen Yuyi, Ye Mengde, Zhu Dunru, Zhang Yuangan, Zhang Xiaoxiang, Lu You, Chen Liang, and Liu Guo, expressed their longing to return to the north in verses of a stirring style. They voiced their patriotic sentiments and identified their own fate with that of the whole nation. They thus enriched ci lyrics’ ways of expression and greatly lifted its status in the history of literature. Although poets of this school wrote in the bold and unconstrained style, they occasionally wrote graceful and subtle ci poems. And some of their works contained too many commentaries and allusions, were careless about the use of metric schemes, and read more like prose than poetry.
【引例】
词体大略有二:一体婉约,一体豪放。婉约者欲其辞情蕴藉,豪放者欲其 气象恢弘。盖亦存乎其人,如秦少游之作多是婉约,苏子瞻之作多是豪放。 大约词体以婉约为正。
张綖 《诗余图谱》
◎ 词的风格大约有两种,一种是婉约,一种是豪放。婉约风格的词,其词句 和情感追求含蓄之美,豪放词则追求气魄宏大。大概是由于作者的气质所 致,如秦观的作品多是婉约之作,而苏轼的作品多是豪放之作。大致说来,词的风格以婉约为正宗。
◎Ci lyrics can be divided into two types: the graceful and restrained vs. the bold and unconstrained. The first type of poems features subtle expression of one’s feelings, whereas the second type is far more explicit and has a broader vision. This distinction is due to different dispositions of poets. Qin Guan’s ci lyrics are mostly graceful and subtle, whereas Su Shi’s tend to be bold and exuberant. Generally, the graceful and restrained style follows more closely the original spirit of ci lyrics than the bold and unconstrained style. (Zhang Yan: The Metric Schemes of Ci Lyrics)
张南湖论词派有二:一曰婉约,一曰豪放。仆谓婉约以易安为宗,豪放惟 幼安称首,皆吾济南人,难乎为继矣!
王士祯《花草蒙拾》
◎ 张綖论词派有二:一是婉约派,一是豪放派。我认为婉约派以李清照为第 一,豪放派以辛弃疾为第一,他们都是我们济南人,之后就后继无人了。
◎ According to Zhang Yan, ci lyrics can either be graceful and restrained or bold and unconstrained. I believe that Li Qingzhao is the best of the former and Xin Qiji the best of the latter. They were both natives of Ji’nan. After them, no great ci poet has emerged in our province. (Wang Shizhen: Random Notes on Ci Poetry)
● 由《中华思想文化术语》编委会授权发布 ●
往期说文载道
性
格调
师出有名
文以载道
微信:newsplus
网站:NEWSPlusRadio.cn
荔枝 FM:英语环球
搜狐新闻客户端:英语环球广播
新浪微博:英语环球广播