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5月4日，纪念马克思诞辰200周年大会在北京举行，习近平发表重要讲话。本文是英译文是《求是》杂志英文版最新发布，是很好的学习材料。

From:English Edition of Qiushi JournalJuly-September 2018|Vol.10,No.3,Issue No.36 | Updated: 2018-Sep-7 17:36

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“马克思诞辰200周年”

在纪念马克思诞辰200周年大会上的讲话

Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the Bicentenary of the Birth of Marx

（2018年5月4日）

May 4， 2018

习近平

By: Xi Jinping

同志们：

Comrades,

今天，我们怀着十分崇敬的心情，在这里隆重集会，纪念马克思诞辰200周年，缅怀马克思的伟大人格和历史功绩，重温马克思的崇高精神和光辉思想。

Today, we gather here filled with reverence to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx, remember his strong character and historical achievements, and review his eminent spirit and brilliant ideas.

马克思是全世界无产阶级和劳动人民的革命导师，是马克思主义的主要创始人，是马克思主义政党的缔造者和国际共产主义的开创者，是近代以来最伟大的思想家。两个世纪过去了，人类社会发生了巨大而深刻的变化，但马克思的名字依然在世界各地受到人们的尊敬，马克思的学说依然闪烁着耀眼的真理光芒！

Marx is the revolutionary leader of the proletariat and the working people the world over, the principal founder of Marxism, the founder of Marxist parties and of the international communist movement, and the greatest thinker of the modern era. Two centuries have passed, during which human society has undergone massive and profound changes. However, Marx’s name continues to be met with respect around the world, and Marx’s theories continue to emanate their brilliant rays of truth.

1818年5月5日，马克思诞生在德国特里尔城的一个律师家庭。早在中学时代，他就树立了为人类幸福而工作的志向。大学时代，马克思广泛钻研哲学、历史学、法学等知识，探寻人类社会发展的奥秘。在《莱茵报》工作期间，马克思犀利抨击普鲁士政府的专制统治，维护人民权利。1843年移居巴黎后，马克思积极参与工人运动，在革命实践和理论探索的结合中完成了从唯心主义到唯物主义、从革命民主主义到共产主义的转变。1845年，马克思、恩格斯合作撰写了《德意志意识形态》，第一次比较系统地阐述了历史唯物主义基本原理。1848年，马克思、恩格斯合作撰写了《共产党宣言》，一经问世就震动了世界。恩格斯说，《共产党宣言》是“全部社会主义文献中传播最广和最具有国际性的著作，是从西伯利亚到加利福尼亚的千百万工人公认的共同纲领”。

On May 5, 1818, Marx was born in Trier, Germany, into a lawyer’s household. As early as his middle school years, Marx aspired to work toward human happiness. During his university years, Marx undertook extensive and intensive studies into philosophy, history, and law in pursuit of the secrets underlying the development of human society. When he was working for the Rheinische Zeitung newspaper, Marx wrote incisive articles attacking the autocratic rule of the Prussian government and defending the rights of the people. In 1843, after he moved to Paris, Marx became an active participant in the workers’ movement. In the course of his participation he brought together revolutionary practice with theoretical inquiry, thus completing his shift from idealist to materialist and from revolutionary democrat to communist. In 1845, Marx and Engels coauthored The German Ideology, which was the first relatively systematic elaboration of the basic principles of historical materialism. In 1848, Marx and Engels coauthored Manifesto of the Communist Party – which, once published, immediately shook the world. Of Manifesto of the Communist Party, Engels said that it is “the most widespread, the most international production of all socialist literature, the common platform acknowledged by millions of workingmen from Siberia to California.”

1848年，席卷欧洲的资产阶级民主革命爆发，马克思积极投入并指导这场革命斗争。革命失败后，马克思深刻总结革命教训，力求通过系统研究政治经济学，揭示资本主义的本质和规律。1867年问世的《资本论》是马克思主义最厚重、最丰富的著作，被誉为“工人阶级的圣经”。晚年，马克思依然密切关注世界发展新趋势和工人运动新情况，努力从更宏大的视野思考人类社会发展问题。

In 1848, as the bourgeois democratic revolution sweeping across Europe erupted, Marx threw himself into and guided this struggle. Following the failure of the revolution, Marx reviewed the lessons learned from the revolution and subjected them to a systematic politico-economic analysis, thus revealing the nature and patterns governing capitalism. In 1867, Capital was published, which is his most profound and fecund work, and which has been honored as the “Bible of the working class.” In his later years, Marx continued to closely watch new trends in global development and new events in the workers’ movement, making great efforts at reflecting on issues concerning human development from an even greater viewpoint.

——马克思的一生，是胸怀崇高理想、为人类解放不懈奋斗的一生。1835年，17岁的马克思在他的高中毕业作文《青年在选择职业时的考虑》中这样写道：“如果我们选择了最能为人类而工作的职业，那么，重担就不能把我们压倒，因为这是为大家作出的牺牲；那时我们所享受的就不是可怜的、有限的、自私的乐趣，我们的幸福将属于千百万人，我们的事业将悄然无声地存在下去，但是它会永远发挥作用，而面对我们的骨灰，高尚的人们将洒下热泪。”马克思一生饱尝颠沛流离的艰辛、贫病交加的煎熬，但他初心不改、矢志不渝，为人类解放的崇高理想而不懈奋斗，成就了伟大人生。

Marx’s life was a life of harboring lofty ideals and of dedication to the struggle for the emancipation of humankind. In 1835, a 17-year-old Marx wrote a high-school graduation composition entitled “Reflections of a Young Man on the Choice of a Profession” in which he wrote, “If we have chosen the position in life in which we can most of all work for mankind, no burdens can bow us down, because they are sacrifices for the benefit of all; then we shall experience no petty, limited, selfish joy, but our happiness will belong to millions, our deeds will live on quietly but perpetually be at work, and over our ashes will be shed the hot tears of noble people.” Throughout his life, Marx encountered hardships from an errant life and suffered poverty and illness, yet he stayed the course, never swayed from his original aspiration, dedicated himself to the lofty ideal of the emancipation of humankind, and accomplished a life of greatness.

——马克思的一生，是不畏艰难险阻、为追求真理而勇攀思想高峰的一生。马克思曾经写道：“在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦沿着陡峭山路攀登的人，才有希望达到光辉的顶点。”马克思为创立科学理论体系，付出了常人难以想象的艰辛，最终达到了光辉的顶点。他博览群书、广泛涉猎，不仅深入了解和研究哲学社会科学各个学科知识，而且深入了解和研究各种自然科学知识，努力从人类创造的一切文明成果中汲取养料。马克思毕生忘我工作，经常每天工作16个小时。马克思在给友人的信中谈到，为了《资本论》的写作，“我一直在坟墓的边缘徘徊。因此，我不得不利用我还能工作的每时每刻来完成我的著作”。即使在多病的晚年，马克思仍然不断迈向新的科学领域和目标，写下了数量庞大的历史学、人类学、数学等学科笔记。正如恩格斯所说：“马克思在他所研究的每一个领域，甚至在数学领域，都有独到的发现，这样的领域是很多的，而且其中任何一个领域他都不是浅尝辄止。”

Marx’s life was a life of defiance in the face of hardships and of bravely scaling new intellectual heights in search of truth. Marx once wrote that, “There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of its steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits.” In founding his scientific theoretical system, Marx endured hardships unimaginable to most ordinary people until ultimately arriving at the luminous summit. Being well-read and erudite, he not only thoroughly understood and studied the scholarship of all disciplines of philosophy and the social sciences, but also that of a range of natural sciences, diligently working to draw pabulum from the civilizational achievements of all of humankind. Throughout his life, Marx selflessly dedicated himself to his work, regularly working sixteen hours a day. Of his work Capital, Marx once wrote a letter to his friend saying that, “I was perpetually hovering on the verge of the grave. Therefore I had to use every moment in which I was capable of work in order that I might finish the task.” Despite constant illness in his later years, Marx still continued to stride toward new scientific fields and objectives, and he wrote an immense number of scientific manuscripts in the fields of history, humanities, and mathematics. Just as Engels said, “In every single field which Marx investigated – and he investigated very many fields, none of them superficially – in every field, even in that of mathematics, he made independent discoveries.”

——马克思的一生，是为推翻旧世界、建立新世界而不息战斗的一生。恩格斯说，“马克思首先是一个革命家”，“斗争是他的生命要素。很少有人像他那样满腔热情、坚韧不拔和卓有成效地进行斗争”。马克思毕生的使命就是为人民解放而奋斗。为了改变人民受剥削、受压迫的命运，马克思义无反顾投身轰轰烈烈的工人运动，始终站在革命斗争最前沿。他领导创建了世界上第一个无产阶级政党——共产主义者同盟，领导了世界上第一个国际工人组织——国际工人协会，热情支持世界上第一次工人阶级夺取政权的革命——巴黎公社革命，满腔热情、百折不挠推动各国工人运动发展。

Marx’s life was a life of ceaseless fighting to topple the old world and create it anew. As Engels said, “Marx was before all else a revolutionist... Fighting was his element. And he fought with a passion, a tenacity, and a success such as few could rival.” Marx’s lifelong mission was to struggle for the emancipation of humankind. In order to change the people’s lot of suffering exploitation and oppression, Marx threw himself without hesitation into the dynamic worker’s movement, always standing at the vanguard of the revolutionary fight. Under his leadership, the Communist League was founded in 1847, which was the world’s first proletarian party, and he led the International Workingmen’s Association which was the world’s first international workers’ organization. He also zealously supported the Commune of Paris, the first revolution in which the working class seized political power, and fervently and unrelentingly drove the development of the workers’ movement across the world.

马克思是顶天立地的伟人，也是有血有肉的常人。他热爱生活，真诚朴实，重情重义。马克思、恩格斯的革命友谊长达40年。正如列宁所说：“古老传说中有各种非常动人的友谊故事”，但马克思、恩格斯的友谊“超过了古人关于人类友谊的一切最动人的传说”。马克思无私资助革命事业，即使在自己生活极度困难的情况下仍然尽最大努力帮助革命战友。马克思和妻子燕妮患难与共，谱写了理想和爱情的命运交响曲。

Marx was a great man of indomitable spirit, yet he was also a man of flesh and blood. He loved life, and was sincere, honest, sentimental, and fair-minded. Marx and Engels’ revolutionary friendship lasted for 40 years. Just as Lenin once said that, “Old legends contain various moving instances of friendship,” but that Marx and Engel’s friendship “surpasses the most moving stories of the ancients about human friendship.” Marx unselfishly financed the revolutionary cause; even during the most difficult times of his life he gave his utmost to help his revolutionary comrades-in-arms. Marx and his wife, Jenny, endured these hardships together, composing a providential symphony of ideals and love.

同志们！

Comrades,

马克思给我们留下的最有价值、最具影响力的精神财富，就是以他名字命名的科学理论——马克思主义。这一理论犹如壮丽的日出，照亮了人类探索历史规律和寻求自身解放的道路。

The most valuable and influential legacy which Marx left for us is the theory that has been named after him – Marxism. This theory is just like a magnificent sunrise, illuminating the road on which humankind explores the patterns of history and seeks its own emancipation.

马克思有一句名言：“批判的武器当然不能代替武器的批判，物质力量只能用物质力量来摧毁；但是理论一经掌握群众，也会变成物质力量。”马克思主义主要由哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义三大组成部分构成。这三大组成部分分别来源于德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学、法国空想社会主义，然而，最终升华为马克思主义的根本原因，是马克思对所处的时代和世界的深入考察，是马克思对人类社会发展规律的深刻把握。马克思说：“共产党人的理论原理，决不是以这个或那个世界改革家所发明或发现的思想、原则为根据的。”“这些原理不过是现存的阶级斗争、我们眼前的历史运动的真实关系的一般表述。”

As Marx once famously noted, “The weapon of criticism cannot, of course, replace criticism of the weapon, material force must be overthrown by material force; but theory also becomes a material force as soon as it has gripped the masses.” Marxism is chiefly composed of three parts: philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialism. Taken separately, these parts originate from German classical philosophy, British classical political economy, and French utopian socialism. However, the fundamental reason these ultimately sublimated into Marxism was due to Marx’s penetrating observations of the world and age in which he lived, and his profound ken of the patterns underlying the development of human society. As Marx wrote, “The theoretical conclusions of the Communists are in no way based on ideas or principles that have been invented, or discovered, by this or that would-be universal reformer. They merely express, in general terms, actual relations springing from an existing class struggle, from a historical movement going on under our very eyes.”

只有在整个人类发展的历史长河中，才能透视出历史运动的本质和时代发展的方向。马克思的科学研究，就像列宁所说的那样，“凡是人类社会所创造的一切，他都有批判地重新加以探讨，任何一点也没有忽略过去。凡是人类思想所建树的一切，他都放在工人运动中检验过，重新加以探讨，加以批判，从而得出了那些被资产阶级狭隘性所限制或被资产阶级偏见束缚住的人所不能得出的结论。”马克思的思想理论源于那个时代又超越了那个时代，既是那个时代精神的精华又是整个人类精神的精华。

It is only by considering the long course of human history that we can gain a perspective on the essence of historical movements and the direction of contemporary developments. Marx’s scientific research was just as Lenin described, “He critically reshaped everything that had been created by human society, without ignoring a single detail. He reconsidered, subjected to criticism, and verified on the working-class movement everything that human thinking had created, and therefrom formulated conclusions which people hemmed in by bourgeois limitations or bound by bourgeois prejudices could not draw.” Marx’s ideas and theories originated from those times and also transcended them; his ideas and theories were both the apotheosis of the spirit of the times and the epitome of the spirit of the people.

——马克思主义是科学的理论，创造性地揭示了人类社会发展规律。在马克思提出科学社会主义之前，空想社会主义者早已存在，他们怀着悲天悯人的情感，对理想社会有很多美好的设想，但由于没有揭示社会发展规律，没有找到实现理想的有效途径，因而也就难以真正对社会发展发生作用。马克思创建了唯物史观和剩余价值学说，揭示了人类社会发展的一般规律，揭示了资本主义运行的特殊规律，为人类指明了从必然王国向自由王国飞跃的途径，为人民指明了实现自由和解放的道路。

Marxism is a scientific theory; it artfully reveals the patterns underlying the development of human society. Utopian socialists had existed long prior to the time in which Marx raised his ideas on scientific socialism; they bemoaned society’s ills and had many fine ideas concerning the ideal society. However, as they did not grasp the patterns underlying the development of society, they had not found an effective way to realize their ideals, and consequently their ideas had no real impact on the development of society. Historical materialism and the theory of surplus value which originated from Marx brought to light the general patterns underlying the development of human society, and revealed the particular laws governing capitalist operations. These discoveries lit the way for humankind to move from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom, and illuminated the path for humankind to realize liberty and emancipation.

——马克思主义是人民的理论，第一次创立了人民实现自身解放的思想体系。马克思主义博大精深，归根到底就是一句话，为人类求解放。在马克思之前，社会上占统治地位的理论都是为统治阶级服务的。马克思主义第一次站在人民的立场探求人类自由解放的道路，以科学的理论为最终建立一个没有压迫、没有剥削、人人平等、人人自由的理想社会指明了方向。马克思主义之所以具有跨越国度、跨越时代的影响力，就是因为它植根人民之中，指明了依靠人民推动历史前进的人间正道。

Marxism is a people-oriented theory; it was the first system of thought to be founded so that people may achieve self-emancipation. Marxism, though wide-ranging and profound, can be summed up in a sentence – the pursuit of the emancipation of humankind. Prior to Marx, the dominant theories in society were those which served the ruling class. Marxism was the first theory to seek the way to liberty and emancipation for humankind from the perspective of the people; it uses scientific theories to demonstrate the way to the ultimate creation of an ideal society in which there is no oppression or exploitation and in which people are equal and free. The influence of Marxism spans time and borders because it is rooted in the people, and demonstrates that the right path for humankind is the path on which the people drive forward the advance of history.

——马克思主义是实践的理论，指引着人民改造世界的行动。马克思说，“全部社会生活在本质上是实践的”，“哲学家们只是用不同的方式解释世界，问题在于改变世界”。实践的观点、生活的观点是马克思主义认识论的基本观点，实践性是马克思主义理论区别于其他理论的显著特征。马克思主义不是书斋里的学问，而是为了改变人民历史命运而创立的，是在人民求解放的实践中形成的，也是在人民求解放的实践中丰富和发展的，为人民认识世界、改造世界提供了强大精神力量。

Marxism is a practical theory; it guides the people in their actions to change the world. Marx once wrote that, “All social life is essentially practical,” and that, “The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point is to change it.” Practice and existence are the basic standpoints of Marxist epistemology, and its practicality is the distinguishing feature that sets Marxist theory apart from other theories. Marxism is not scholarship to be confined to a study, but rather it was founded so as to change the people’s lot in history. Marxism was formed, refined, and developed in practice through the pursuit of the emancipation of humankind, and it has provided a powerful source of inspiration for the people to understand and remold the world.

——马克思主义是不断发展的开放的理论，始终站在时代前沿。马克思一再告诫人们，马克思主义理论不是教条，而是行动指南，必须随着实践的变化而发展。一部马克思主义发展史就是马克思、恩格斯以及他们的后继者们不断根据时代、实践、认识发展而发展的历史，是不断吸收人类历史上一切优秀思想文化成果丰富自己的历史。因此，马克思主义能够永葆其美妙之青春，不断探索时代发展提出的新课题、回应人类社会面临的新挑战。

Marxism is an open-ended and continually developing theory; it is always at the forefront of the times. Marx admonished people over and over that Marxism is not dogma, but a guide to action that must be developed with changes in practice. The history of the development of Marxism is the history of its continued development at the hands of Marx, Engels, and their successors in accordance with developments in time, practice, and knowledge. This history is one of continued self-refinement through the absorption of all of the redoubtable cultural and intellectual achievements of human history. Therefore, Marxism is able to forever maintain its appealing youthfulness, and continue to explore new problems in contemporary developments and respond to new challenges facing humanity.

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