为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与 Urban Studies 杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。
Exploring the long-term effect of strategy work: The case of Sustainable Sydney 2030
Martin Kornberger（英国爱丁堡大学）
Renate E Meyer（奥地利维也纳经济大学）
Markus A Höllerer（奥地利维也纳经济大学）
首次出版时间：2021/1/19｜研究论文
Abstract: Strategy has become an important concern and practical tool in urban management and governance, with the literature highlighting implementation as a hallmark of effective strategy. Whilst such a strategy–action link (which we label here as ‘implementation nexus’) has been well established, other long-term effects have been documented in less detail. Our study of Sustainable Sydney 2030 finds that strategy was effective to the extent to which it changed the institutional a priori of what a collective of actors engaged in city-making knows, what it can articulate and how its members relate to each other. We capture this effect as ‘institution nexus’ and theorise our findings with Ludwik Fleck’s concept of ‘thought style’ of a focal ‘thought collective’ – notions that also centrally influenced Mary Douglas’ work on ‘how institutions think’. We contribute to extant research by adding the institution nexus as a long-term effect of urban strategy as well as by advancing strategy theory in urban studies to foregroundits ability to shape institutions.摘要：策略已成为城市管理和治理中的一个重要关注点和实用工具，文献强调实施是有效策略的标志。虽然这种策略—行动联系（我们在这里将其称为“实施联系”）已经得到了很好的确认，但我们对其他长期效果的记录却语焉不详。我们对悉尼2030可持续发展计划（Sustainable Sydney 2030）的研究表明，该策略的有效性相当于，它在多大程度上改变了关于以下方面的制度前提：参与城市营造的行为者集体知道些什么，这个集体可以表达什么，以及它的成员如何相互联系。我们将这种效果描述为“制度联系”并将其理论化，我们的理论化基于路德维希·弗莱克（Ludwik Fleck）的“思想集体”的“思想风格”的概念，这些概念也是影响了玛丽·道格拉斯（Mary Douglas）关于“制度如何思考”的研究的核心概念。我们增加制度联系作为城市策略的长期效果之一，并推进城市研究中的策略理论以突出其塑造制度的能力，从而为现有的研究作出贡献。Keywords: effect, institution, Sustainable Sydney 2030, thought collective, thought style, urban strategy关键词：效果, 制度, 悉尼2030可持续发展计划, 思想集体, 思想风格, 城市策略原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020979546The role of social capital in the collective-led development of urbanising villages in China: The case of Shenzhen社会资本在集体主导的中国村庄城镇化中的作用：以深圳为例
De Tong（北京大学深圳研究生院）
Yaying Wu（北京大学深圳研究生院）
Ian MacLachlan（北京大学深圳研究生院）
Jieming Zhu（中国同济大学）
首次出版时间：2021/2/26｜研究论文
Abstract: The ‘urbanising village’ is a uniquely Chinese urban form that emerged during the period of rapid urbanisation in the reform era. The absence of state governance in rural areas relegates considerable decision-making power to village collectives, and the social capital inherited from traditional rural villages may remain in place after villages are urbanised. To explore the role of social capital and its mobilisation in solving the land use challenges posed by the urbanisation of rural settlements, we analysed the growth processes of Huanggang village as a typical example of a ‘collective-led’ self-organised urbanising village in Shenzhen. Qualitative analysis using semi-structured interviews and abundant secondary data provides credible evidence that defining property rights through land titling is not the only way to achieve orderly development, safe and sanitary living conditions and efficient land use in informal settlements. Social capital, measured by networks, norms and trust passed down among long-term acquaintances in rural villages, plays an important role in the development of communities. Village collectives can unite villagers and mobilise their social, cultural and material capital to compensate for the absence of formal governance institutions and government-provided community services. The implications of these findings suggest a new strategic pathway for managing urbanising villages in China and informal settlements in other developing countries.摘要：“城中村”是改革时代快速城市化时期出现的一种独特的中国城市形态。农村地区国家治理的缺失将相当大的决策权下放给了农村集体，从传统农村继承的社会资本在农村城市化后可能会保留下来。为了探讨社会资本及其动员在解决农村住区城市化带来的土地使用挑战方面的作用，我们分析了皇岗村作为深圳“集体主导”的自组织城中村的典型例子的增长过程。使用半结构化访谈和大量二手数据进行的定性分析提供了可信的证据，表明通过土地产权界定物业权利不是实现有序发展、安全和卫生的生活条件以及在非正规住区高效使用土地的唯一途径。社会资本（以农村长期熟人之间传递的网络、规范和信任来衡量）在社区发展中发挥着重要作用。村集体可以团结村民，动员他们的社会、文化和物质资本，以弥补正式治理机构和政府提供的社区服务的缺失。这些研究结果的意义在于为管理中国的城中村和其他发展中国家的非正规住区提出了一条新的战略途径。Keywords: built environment, collective-led development, governance, planning, social capital关键词：建筑环境, 集体主导的发展, 治理, 规划, 社会资本原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098021993353
The taming of chaos: Optimal cities and the state of the art in urban systems researchAbstract: What can urban big data research tell us about cities? While studying cities as complex systems offers a new perspective on urban dynamics, we should dig deeper into the epistemological claims made by these studies and ask what it means to distance the urban researcher from the city. Big data research has the tendency to flatten our perspective: it shows us technology users and their interactions with digital systems but does so often at the expense of the informal and irregular aspects of city life. It also presents us with the city a soptimisable system, offering up the chance to engineer it for particular forms of efficiency or productivity. Both optimisation itself, and the process of ordering of the city for optimisation, confer political and economic power and produce a hierarchy of interests. This commentary advocates that researchers connect systems research to questions of structure and power. To do this requires a critical approach to what is missing, what is implied by the choices about which data to collect and how to make them available, and an understanding of the ontologies that shape both the data sets and the urban spaces they describe.摘要：关于城市，城市大数据研究能告诉我们一些什么呢？虽然将城市作为复杂系统进行研究为城市动力学提供了一个新的视角，但我们应更深入地挖掘这些研究提出的认识论主张，并追问“让城市研究者与城市保持距离”意味着什么。大数据研究倾向于使我们的视角扁平化：它向我们展示了技术用户及其与数字系统的互动，但这样做往往是以忽略城市生活的非正规和不规则方面为代价的。它还向我们展示了作为一个可优化系统的城市，提供了为特定形式的效率或生产力而改造城市的机会。无论是优化本身，还是为了优化而对城市进行安排的过程，都赋予了政治和经济权力，并产生了利益等级。本评论主张研究者将系统研究与结构和权力问题联系起来。要做到这一点，需要一个关键的方法来理解存在哪些缺失，选择收集哪些数据以及如何提供数据意味着什么，以及塑造数据集及其所描述的城市空间的本体论。
Keywords: big data, urban systems research, mobile phones, transport, optimization
关键词：大数据, 城市系统研究, 手机, 交通, 优化原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211012838
The impact of immediate urban environments on people’s momentary happinessAbstract: The research interest of urban researchers and geographers in the relationship between urban environments and happiness has been increasing. Previous studies have mostly focused on people’s long-term overall wellbeing. However, there is limited evidence that momentary happiness is associated with immediate urban environments. This study provides new evidence on this issue. 144 participants living in Guangzhou, China, were asked to repeatedly self-report their momentary happiness through ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and the day reconstruction method (DRM). The microenvironment variables were captured by portable sensors, while the built environment variables were captured by associating the GPS response locations with objective spatial data. The results indicate that momentary happiness is influenced by immediate microenvironment variables and built environment characteristics including temperature, noise, PM2.5, population, POI density, POI types and street intersections. On the other hand, the use of different sizes of contextual units affects the results. The built environment in 100m buffers and the microenvironment has higher explanatory power for momentary happiness recorded by EMA than the built environment in 500m buffers. Similarly, the temporality of the contextual influences also affects the results. Urban environment features have higher explanatory power for real-time momentary happiness recorded by EMA than recalled momentary happiness recorded by DRM. These results also strongly corroborate the results of recent studies on the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) and partly explain the inconsistency in the results of past research.摘要：城市研究人员和地理学家对城市环境和幸福感之间关系的研究兴趣一直在增加。以前的研究大多集中在人们的长期整体幸福感上。然而，有限的证据表明短暂的幸福感与直接的城市环境有关。这项研究提供了这方面的新证据。144名生活在中国广州的参与者被要求通过生态瞬间评估（EMA）和日间重建法（DRM）反复自我报告他们的瞬间幸福感。微环境变量由便携式传感器捕捉，而建筑环境变量则通过将全球定位系统响应位置与客观空间数据相关联来捕获。结果表明，瞬间幸福感受即时微环境变量和建筑环境特征的影响，包括温度、噪声、PM2.5、人口、兴趣点密度、兴趣点类型和街道交叉口。另一方面，使用不同的环境单位尺度会影响结果。100米缓冲区的建筑环境和微环境对EMA记录的瞬间幸福感的解释力高于500米缓冲区的建筑环境。同样，环境影响的暂时性也会影响结果。城市环境特征对EMA记录的实时瞬间幸福感的解释力高于DRM记录的回忆瞬间幸福感。这些结果也有力地证实了最近关于不确定地理环境问题（UGCoP）的研究结果，并部分解释了过去研究结果的不一致性。Keywords: China, day reconstruction method, ecological momentary assessment, momentary happiness, urban environments
关键词：中国, 日内重建法, 生态瞬间评估, 瞬间幸福感, 城市环境原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020986499Developing urban growth and urban quality: Entrepreneurial governance and urban redevelopment projects in Copenhagen and Hamburg城市增长和城市质量：哥本哈根和汉堡的创业主义治理和城市再开发项目Jürgen Bruns-Berentelg（德国汉堡港口新城）Adam Grydehøj（浙江大学城乡创新设计研究中心，海岛与海岸带研究所）Abstract: This paper considers the cases of urban redevelopment at waterfront and brownfield sites in Copenhagen (Denmark) and Hamburg (Germany) to explore how two municipal governments have pursued divergent kinds of entrepreneurial governance, even as they have aimed to create similar kinds of new-build neighbourhoods. Copenhagen and Hamburg have both engaged in large-scale speculative development projects, simultaneously raising urban land values and adding urban public good. The cities follow a long tradition of using land value capture to raise funds formunicipal activities, yet their scopes of action and tools for achieving progress have been shaped by local economic and political conditions. Although both cities began redevelopment at similar kinds of sites in the 1990s, Copenhagen’s municipal government was relatively impoverished, while Hamburg’s municipal government was relatively wealthy. As a result, even though both cities deployed state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and revolving funds models to reinvest revenues in future development, they possessed different potential strategies for increasing intercity competitiveness: Copenhagen’s immediate aim in redeveloping its Ørestad and harbour districts was to fund a citywide mass transit system and thereby enhance competitiveness through infrastructure development, while Hamburg sought to use its HafenCity waterfront redevelopment to boost competitiveness through port modernisation, increased in urban quality and commercial expansion in the city centre. By comparing these two cases, we can better understand the contingent nature of entrepreneurial governance and urban redevelopment processes.摘要：本文以丹麦哥本哈根和德国汉堡的滨水区和旧城区的城市再开发为例，探讨两个市政府如何实行不同类型的创业主义治理，尽管他们的目标是创建类似的新建社区。哥本哈根和汉堡都开展了大型投机性开发项目，这些项目同时提高了城市土地价值并增加了城市公共产品。这些城市遵循利用土地价值获取为市政建设筹集资金的悠久传统，但它们的行动范围和取得进展的工具则是由当地的经济和政治条件决定的。尽管这两个城市在20世纪90年代开始在类似的地点进行再开发，但哥本哈根市政府相对贫困，而汉堡市政府相对富裕。因此，尽管两个城市都实施了国有企业和循环基金模式，将收入再投资于未来的发展，但它们在提高城市竞争力方面则实施了不同的潜在战略：哥本哈根重建奥雷斯塔德（Ørestad）和港口区的近期目标是为全市公共交通系统提供资金，从而通过基础设施发展提高竞争力，而汉堡则试图利用哈芬西提滨水区（HafenCity）的再开发，通过港口现代化、提高城市品味和市中心的商业扩张来提高竞争力。通过比较这两个案例，我们可以更好地理解创业主义治理和城市再开发过程中的偶然性。Keywords: governance, housing, local government, planning, redevelopment/regeneration, state-owned enterprises, urban growth关键词：治理, 住房, 地方政府, 规划, 再开发/更新, 国有企业, 城市发展原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020951438相关阅读
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