干货 | 2019政府工作报告中的“引号词”如何翻译？
大家好，我是M君，一个集经验
与才华于一身的良心小编。
在2019年《政府工作报告》中，剔除重复的词汇，加双引号的词语共有49个，这些词语包括：
上面词汇，
你能翻译出多少？
这些使用双引号的词语，多反应中国特有的政策和时事现象，引号的作用是提示语言的非常规解读，提示读者不要简单地以其字面意思去理解。
这些表达所包含的历史文化信息、政治经济体制和社会意识形态与英语国家存在极大的差异，因此大多数无对应的英语表达。
而《政府工作报告》的翻译，不仅要求内容正确、文字缜密，而且要与中国的政治导向符合，不能够随意增减其中的措辞和用语，也不能将翻译难点避而不译。
那么，究竟如何翻译这些词汇呢？
别担心！这些特殊词汇的含义和译法的归纳总结如下，一起来学习吧！
释义：指“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”。
译法：the Belt and Road Initiative
例句：对外开放全方位扩大，共建“一带一路”取得重要进展。
Opening up was expanded on all fronts, and joint efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) made significant headway.
注：“一带一路”的英文翻译，经过几次更新迭代，最终去掉“one”，固定为“the Belt and Road Initiative”。
释义：“互联网+”代表着一种新的经济形态，它指的是依托互联网信息技术实现互联网与传统产业的联合，以优化生产要素、更新业务。
译法：Internet Plus initiatives
例句：全面推进“互联网+”，运用新技术新模式改造传统产业。
Internet Plus initiatives were advanced across the board, and new technologies and models were used to transform traditional industries.
注：本次报告还出现了“互联网+X” ，包括：
“互联网+政务服务” Internet Plus Government Services initiative
“互联网+监管” Internet Plus Regulation initiative
“互联网+教育” Internet Plus Education models
“互联网+医疗健康” Internet Plus Healthcare models
“互联网+督查” Internet Plus Inspection initiative
译法：consolidating, strengthening, upgrading, and ensuring unimpeded flows
例句：要继续坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，在“巩固、增强、提升、畅通”八个字上下功夫。
We will continue to pursue supply-side structural reform as our main task, focusing on consolidating, strengthening, upgrading, and ensuring unimpeded flows.
释义：“三去一降一补”即去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板五大任务。是习近平总书记根据供给侧结构性改革提出的。
译法：the five priority tasks
例句：更多采取改革的办法，更多运用市场化、法治化手段，巩固“三去一降一补”成果，增强微观主体活力，提升产业链水平，畅通国民经济循环，推动经济高质量发展。
we will use more reforms and means in accordance with market principles and law to consolidate the gains made in the five priority tasks; to strengthen the dynamism of micro entities; to upgrade industrial chains; and to ensure unimpeded flows in the economy, thus moving toward high-quality development.
注：在2018年《政府工作报告》五年工作总结中也提到了这个说法，其翻译版本中详细解释了“三去一降一补”的含义：
扎实推进“三去一降一补”。
Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness.
释义：不少企业拿到营业执照以后还需要很多证，这是所谓准入不准营。所以政府要采取措施，除了涉及公共安全、特种行业之外，都应该拿到营业执照以后就可以正常经营。
译法：letting firms in but not letting them do business
例句：坚决克服“准入不准营”的现象。
we will put an end to the phenomenon of "letting firms in but not letting them do business."
译法：be processed at a single window, within a specified time, and without the need for a second visit
例句：确需到现场办的要“一窗受理、限时办结”“最多跑一次”。
For matters that do require presence in person, they should be processed at a single window, within a specified time, and without the need for a second visit.
注：2018年《政府工作报告》中也有类似的说法：
必须到现场办的也要力争做到“只进一扇门”、“最多跑一次”。
We will do our best to see that things requiring presence in person get done in one place and without the need for a second trip.
释义：取消不必要的证明，让群众办事更方便。
译法：Cut Certification to Create Convenience
例句：持续开展“减证便民”改革行动，不能让繁琐证明来回折腾企业和群众。
We will continue to pursue the Cut Certification to Create Convenience reform initiative, and see that businesses and the public are not saddled with running from pillar to post for certificates.
释义：在大数据、云计算等互联网技术深入应用的基础上，深刻把握新一代人工智能的发展特点，促进人工智能与实体经济融合，推动各行各业从数字化、网络化，迈向智能化，探索人工智能创新成果应用转化的路径和方法，构建数据驱动、人机协同、跨界融合、共创分享的智能经济发展新形态。
译法：Intelligent Plus initiatives
例句：打造工业互联网平台，拓展“智能+”，为制造业转型升级赋能。
We will create industrial internet platforms and expand Intelligent Plus initiatives to facilitate transformation and upgrading in manufacturing.
释义：指对发展中国家的厕所进行改造的一项举措，最早由联合国儿童基金会提出，厕所是衡量文明的重要标志，改善厕所卫生状况直接关系到这些国家人民的健康和环境状况。
译法：Toilet Revolution
例句：因地制宜开展农村人居环境整治，推进“厕所革命”、垃圾污水治理，建设美丽乡村。
We will work to improve rural living environments in light of local conditions, make progress in the Toilet Revolution, and improve garbage and sewage treatment to build a beautiful countryside.
译法：evaluation system
例句：建立政务服务“好差评”制度，服务绩效由企业和群众来评判。
We will establish a government service evaluation system, and let businesses and the public judge if our service is up to scratch.
译法：comprehensive
例句：加快收费清单“一张网”建设，让收费公开透明，让乱收费无处藏身。
We will speed up the development of a comprehensive listing system for the collection of fees and charges, making charge collecting open and transparent and leaving unauthorized charges no place to hide.
释义：指丧失自我发展能力，必须依赖非市场因素即政府补贴或银行续贷来维持生存的企业。尽管这些企业不产生效益，却依然占有土地、资本、劳动力等要素资源，严重妨碍了新技术、新产业等新动能的成长。
译法：zombie enterprises
例句：依法处置“僵尸企业”。
We will work in accordance with law to address "zombie enterprises."
释义：毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。
译法："two no irresolutions" principle
例句：坚持“两个毫不动摇”，鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。
We will uphold the "two no irresolutions" principle, and encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector.
注：这里用了直译的手法，把“两个毫不动摇”直接译成了“two no irresolutions”，而2018年《政府工作报告》则在译文中详细解释了“两个毫不动摇”的含义：
There will be no irresolution about consolidating and developing the public sector and no irresolution about encouraging, supporting, and guiding non-public sector development.
释义：按教育部的定义，中小学“36-45人”为正常班额，“46-55人”为偏大班额，“56-65人”为大班额，“66人以上”为超大班额。“大班额”会带来三方面危害：一是影响学生的身心健康；二是影响教学质量；三是有可能带来安全问题。
译法：oversized classes
例句：推进城乡义务教育一体化发展，加快改善乡村学校办学条件，加强乡村教师队伍建设，抓紧解决城镇学校“大班额”问题。
We will promote the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education, move faster to improve conditions in rural schools, strengthen the ranks of teachers working in the countryside, quickly address the problem of oversized classes in urban schools.
释义：20世纪60年代初，浙江省绍兴市诸暨县枫桥镇干部群众创造了“发动和依靠群众，坚持矛盾不上交，就地解决。实现捕人少，治安好”的“枫桥经验”。
译法：Fengqiao experience
例句：推动社会治理重心向基层下移，推广促进社会和谐的“枫桥经验”，构建城乡社区治理新格局。
We will shift the focus of social governance to the community level, extend the Fengqiao experience in promoting social harmony, and develop a new model of urban and rural community governance.
释义：2017年10月18日，习近平总书记在十九大报告中指出，在全党开展“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育。中国共产党人的初心和使命，就是为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴。
译法：keep in mind our Party's founding mission
例句：扎实开展“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育。
We will hold activities about keeping in mind our Party's founding mission.
释义：中共十五大报告首次提出“两个一百年”奋斗目标：到建党一百年时，使国民经济更加发展，各项制度更加完善；到世纪中叶建国一百年时，基本实现现代化，建成富强民主文明的社会主义国家
译法：the Two Centenary Goals
例句：实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标，成就中国人民的幸福与追求，还得长期不懈地干。
To achieve the Two Centenary Goals, and let the happiness and ambitions of the Chinese people be realized, we need to continue to put in long-term hard work.
译法：the policies of "one country, two systems," the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong, the people of Macao governing Macao
例句：我们要继续全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，严格依照宪法和基本法办事。
We will continue, fully and faithfully, to implement the policies of "one country, two systems," the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong, the people of Macao governing Macao, and a high degree of autonomy for both regions, and act in strict compliance with China's Constitution and the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions.
译法："Taiwan independence"
例句：坚决反对和遏制“台独”分裂图谋和行径，坚决维护国家主权和领土完整。
We will resolutely oppose and deter any separatist schemes or activities seeking "Taiwan independence", and resolutely protect China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.