「Part 8」2021政府工作报告中英文对照注释版
本笔记由「才思汇·啃报告小分队」出品，特别感谢小伙伴@Future Doc.晓木木 和@Gen Z Kevin 的付出。
今年我国发展仍面临不少风险挑战，但经济长期向好的基本面没有改变。
In 2021, China will continue to face many development risks and challenges, but the economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth remain unchanged.
注：
面临风险挑战
face risks and challenges
经济基本面长期向好-->维持长期增长
The economic fundamentals will sustain long-term growth.
📍sustain表示“维持，保持，支撑”（If you sustain something, you continue it or maintain it for a period of time）举个🌰：
Recovery can't be sustained unless more jobs are created.
除非有更多的工作机会被创造出来，否则复苏无法保持下去。
📍这是一个并列句，but连词前，主谓宾结构；连词后，主系表结构，主语后跟了定语从句。Remain是系动词，表示“保持”的系动词还有如：keep，stay，stand.
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：去年，我国发展面临诸多困难挑战。In pursuing development last year, China faced many difficulties and challenges.
2019年报告：在充分肯定成绩的同时，要清醒看到我国发展面临的问题和挑战。While fully recognizing our achievements, we must also be clear about the problems and challenges our country faces in its development.
我们要坚定信心，攻坚克难，
We should stay confident, meet challenges head-on,
注：
坚定信心
stay confident
攻坚克难
meet challenges head-on
📍meet常见的意思是：遇见，满足，但这里显然不是这两个意思。它还有“对付，成功应付”的意思（If you meet something such as a problem or challenge, you deal with it satisfactorily or do what is required.）。
巩固恢复性增长基础，努力保持经济社会持续健康发展。
and consolidate the foundation for economic recovery to ensure sustained and healthy economic and social development.
注：
巩固...基础
consolidate the foundation
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：保持经济持续健康发展和社会大局稳定，• sustain healthy economic development and maintain social stability.
今年发展主要预期目标是：
The main projected targets for development this year are as follows:
注：
主要预期目标
the main projected targets
📍project作名词，表示“项目；计划”，也可以作动词，表示“规划；投，抛，射；预测；预计；推想”。projected作形容词，表示“规划的，计划的，预期的”（If something is projected, it is planned or expected.）之意。
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：we have set the following targets:
2019年报告：今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：With the above in mind, the main projected targets for economic and social development this year are set as follows:
国内生产总值增长6%以上；
· GDP growth of over 6 percent
注：
国内生产总值
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
城镇新增就业1100万人以上，
· over 11 million new urban jobs
注：
城镇新增就业
new urban jobs
城镇调查失业率5.5%左右；
· a surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent
注：
国城镇调查失业率
a surveyed urban unemployment rate
居民消费价格涨幅3%左右；
· CPI increase of around 3 percent
注：
居民消费价格
CPI（consumer price index）
📍也称消费者物价指数/居民消费价格指数。
进出口量稳质升，
· steady increases in both the volume and quality of imports and exports
注：
进出口
imports and exports
量稳质升
increases in both the volume and quality
📍此处increase为名词。“量”对应volume；“质”对应quality。volume /ˈvɒljuːm/我们熟知的意思是“音量”，还有“数量，大量；体积；容积；容量”的意思。
国际收支基本平衡；
· a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments
注：
📍equilibrium /ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm/ 表示“平衡；均衡”（a balance between different people, groups, or forces that compete with each other, so that none is stronger than the others and a situation is not likely to change suddenly）举个🌰：
Any disturbance to the body's state of equilibrium can produce stress.
对身体平衡状态的任何干扰都可能产生压力。
居民收入稳步增长；
· steady growth in personal income
生态环境质量进一步改善，
· a further improvement in the environment
单位国内生产总值能耗降低3%左右，
· a drop of around 3 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP
注：
单位国内生产总值能耗
energy consumption per unit of GDP
主要污染物排放量继续下降；
· a continued reduction in the discharge of major pollutants
注：
主要污染物
major pollutants
📍discharge作名词，表示“排出（物）；放出（物）；流出（物）”（the action of releasing a substance such as a liquid or gas; a substance that comes out from inside somewhere）。
粮食产量保持在1.3万亿斤以上。
· grain output of over 650 million metric tons
注：
粮食产量
grain output
📍grain作名词，表示“粮食，颗粒，谷物”（the small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat , rice, etc.; a single seed of such a plant）
📍metric ton表示“公吨，米制吨（=1,000 公斤）”（a unit for measuring weight, equal to 1,000 kilograms）
注意单位的换算：
1公吨 = 1000公斤，1斤 = 0.5公斤
1.3万亿斤 = 1300000000000斤 = 650000000000公斤 = 650000000公吨（metric tons）= 650 million metric tons
经济增速是综合性指标，今年预期目标设定为6%以上，
As a general target, China's growth rate has been set at over 6 percent for this year.
考虑了经济运行恢复情况，
In setting this target, we have taken into account the recovery of economic activity.
注：
📍take sth into account表示“重视，考虑，体谅”（to consider or remember something when judging a situation）
有利于引导各方面集中精力推进改革创新、推动高质量发展。
A target of over 6 percent will enable all of us to devote full energy to promoting reform, innovation, and high-quality development.
注：
高质量发展
high-quality development
集中精力
devote full energy to doing sth.
📍集中精力-->全力以赴（做某事），类似同样的表达有：spare no efforts to do sth.
经济增速、就业、物价等预期目标，体现了保持经济运行在合理区间的要求。
The projected targets for growth, employment, and CPI should keep the economy performing within the appropriate range.
注：
预期目标
the projected targets
保持经济运行在合理区间
keep the economy performing within the appropriate range
「类似表述对比」
2016年报告：为稳定物价、改善民生提供了有力保障，This has helped to keep prices stable and ensure people's wellbeing,
与今后目标平稳衔接，有利于实现可持续健康发展。
These targets are also well-aligned with the annual goals of subsequent years in the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and they will help sustain healthy economic growth.
注：
与...平稳衔接
be well-aligned with
实现可持续健康发展
sustain healthy economic growth
📍align作动词，表示“使结盟，匹配，使成一行”。这里的be well-aligned with表面意思就是与…很好地站成一行，与...一致，其实就是，与什么可以很好地衔接。
📍subsequent表示“随后的；后来的；之后的；接后的”（happening or coming after sth else）。
📍“十四五”规划（the 13th Five-Year Plan）指的是中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划纲要的简称（2021－2025年）。
做好今年工作，要更好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展。
For the government to deliver this year, we need to carry out Covid-19 prevention and control and pursue economic and social development in a more coordinated way.
注：
统筹
in a coordinated way
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：我们统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展，不失时机推进复工复产，While continuing to advance epidemic control, we have also promoted economic and social development and lost no time in resuming work and production when appropriate.
坚持常态化防控和局部应急处置有机结合，
We will maintain control measures on a continuing basis and be ready to address isolated emergencies.
注：
常态化
on a continuing basis
局部应急处置
address isolated emergencies
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：因应疫情变化，适时推进常态化防控。In response to changing COVID-19 dynamics, we have adopted regular prevention and control measures in a timely manner.
继续毫不放松做好外防输入、内防反弹工作，
We will maintain constant vigilance in guarding against inbound cases and domestic resurgences,
注：
毫不放松-->始终保持警惕
maintain constant vigilance
外防输入、内防反弹
guard against inbound cases and domestic resurgences
📍vigilance表示“警戒，警觉”（the fact, quality, or condition of being vigilant）
📍inbound表示“入境的，归本国的，回内地的；到达的；归航的；入站的”，英文解释为“travelling towards a place rather than leaving it”如：inbound flights/passengers 回航班机/乘客。
📍resurgence表示“复活，再现；复苏，反弹”（If there is a resurgence of an attitude or activity, it reappears and grows.）举个🌰：
Police say drugs traffickers are behind the resurgence of violence.
警方说毒贩是暴力事件增加的原因。
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：下一阶段要毫不放松常态化疫情防控，抓紧做好经济社会发展各项工作。 In the next stage, we will not let up on any front of our long-term fight against COVID-19, nor will we lose any time in advancing China's economic and social development agenda.
抓好重点区域和关键环节防控，
and ensure effective epidemic control in key areas and at key links.
注：
重点区域和关键环节
in key areas and at key links
补上短板漏洞，
We will effectively address all weaknesses in Covid-19 work,
注：
补上短板漏洞-->解决所有弱点
address all weaknesses
📍address作动词，熟词僻义，表示“设法解决；处理；对付”（to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it）
严防出现聚集性疫情和散发病例传播扩散，
and take strict measures to prevent clusters of infection and transmission caused by isolated cases.
注：
散发病例
isolated cases
📍isolated表示“孤立的，分离的”（separate，divided）
📍cluster作名词，表示“群，簇，丛；（人或动物的）群，团，组”（a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close together；a group of people, animals or things close together）
有序推进疫苗研制和免费接种，
The development of vaccines and the free vaccine program will be steadily advanced,
注：
疫苗研制
the development of vaccines
免费接种-->免费疫苗项目
the free vaccine program
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告Part 3：加强药物、疫苗和检测试剂研发。Intensive efforts have been made to develop drugs, vaccines, and testing reagents.
2020年报告Part 16：加大疫苗、药物和快速检测技术研发投入，We will make good use of COVID-19 bonds, increase inputs into the R&D of vaccines, medicines, and rapid testing technologies,
提高科学精准防控能力和水平。
and efforts will be intensified to boost our capacity to control Covid-19 with targeted and science-based measures.
注：
科学精准防控
control Covid-19 with targeted and science-based measures
今年要重点做好以下几方面工作。
This year, we will carry out the following tasks:
（一）保持宏观政策连续性稳定性可持续性，促进经济运行在合理区间。
1. Ensuring the continuity, consistency, and sustainability of macro policies to keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range
注：
宏观政策
macro policies
连续性、稳定性、可持续性
continuity, consistency, sustainability
在合理区间
within an appropriate range
📍macro表示“大规模的，宏观的，巨大的，大量的”。反义词是micro表示“极小的，微妙的，微观的”。
📍indicator表示“指标，标志，迹象”。
在区间调控基础上加强定向调控、相机调控、精准调控。
On the basis of range-based regulation, we will enhance targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.
注：
在...基础上（根据，基于）
on the basis of
区间调控
range-based regulation
定向调控、相机调控、精准调控
targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation
📍well-timed表示“及时的，正合时宜的；适时的”（A well-timed action or comment is done or made at the most appropriate or suitable time.）
📍“相机调控”强调政府要根据市场情况和各项调节措施的特点，灵活机动地决定和选择当前究竟应采取哪一种或哪几种政策措施。
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：在区间调控基础上加强定向、相机调控，主动预调、微调。As we conducted regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range, we also improved targeted and well-timed regulation, and carried out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning.
宏观政策要继续为市场主体纾困，保持必要支持力度，
We will continue to ensure macro policies alleviate the difficulties of market entities and maintain necessary policy support for achieving this goal.
注：
市场主体
market entities
纾困（缓解困难）
alleviate the difficulties / ease the difficulties
（政策）保持必要支持力度
maintain necessary policy support
📍alleviate表示“减轻，缓和”（to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe）
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 1：助企纾困和激发活力并举， we eased the difficulties of our enterprises and energized them.
2020年报告Part 8：助力市场主体纾困发展 help market entities overcome difficulties and achieve development.
2019年报告Part 4：千方百计帮助解忧纾困 we used every feasible means to help them overcome problems and concerns.
不急转弯，
We will avoid sharp turns in policy;
注：
急转弯
sharp turns
根据形势变化适时调整完善，进一步巩固经济基本盘。
instead, we should make adjustments and improvements based on new developments to reinforce the fundamentals of the economy.
注：
调整完善
make adjustments and improvements
经济基本盘
the fundamentals of the economy
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告Part 6：守住“六保”底线，就能稳住经济基本盘； By doing so, we will be able to keep the fundamentals of the economy stable.
2020年报告Part 15：推进更高水平对外开放，稳住外贸外资基本盘 Promoting higher-standard opening up and stabilizing the overall performance of foreign trade and foreign investment
积极的财政政策要提质增效、更可持续。
We will enhance the quality, efficiency, and sustainability of our proactive fiscal policy.
注：
积极的财政政策
the proactive fiscal policy
提质增效、更可持续
enhance the quality, efficiency, and sustainability
考虑到疫情得到有效控制和经济逐步恢复，
In view of the effective containment of Covid-19 and gradual economic recovery,
注：
考虑到
in view of ...
有效控制
the effective containment
经济逐步恢复
gradual economic recovery
今年赤字率拟按3.2%左右安排、比去年有所下调，
we have set the deficit-to-GDP ratio for the year at around 3.2 percent, slightly lower than that of last year.
注：
赤字率
the deficit-to-GDP ratio
📍赤字率表示的是一定时期内财政赤字额与同期国民生产总值之间的比例关系。财政赤字是指财政支出超过财政收入的部分。赤字率=(政府开支-政府收入)/GDP×100%
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：今年赤字率拟按3.6%以上安排，财政赤字规模比去年增加1万亿元，The deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at more than 3.6 percent, with a deficit increase of one trillion yuan over last year.
2019年报告：今年赤字率拟按2.8%安排，比去年预算高0.2个百分点；Deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at 2.8 percent, a 0.2-percentage-point increase over that of last year.
2018年报告：今年赤字率拟按2.6%安排，比去年预算低0.4个百分点 This year's deficit as a percentage of GDP is projected to be 2.6 percent, 0.4 percentage point lower than last year.
不再发行抗疫特别国债
No Covid-19 bonds will be issued.
注：
📍bond作名词，熟词僻义，有“债券，公债”之意。
📍issue表示 “发行（新的一批）”（to produce new stamps, coins, share, etc. For sale to the public）举个🌰：
They issued a special set of stamps to mark the occasion.
他们特别发行了一套纪念邮票。
因财政收入恢复性增长，财政支出总规模比去年增加，
As government revenue rebounds, total government expenditures will be higher this year than last.
注：
财政收入
government revenue
财政支出
government expenditures
📍rebound表示“回升；反弹”（to rise again after they have fallen）
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告Part 7：要大力优化财政支出结构 we will work harder to improve the composition of fiscal spending.
重点仍是加大对保就业保民生保市场主体的支持力度。
We will continue to give priority to increasing support for efforts to
ensure employment, living standards, and the operations of market entities.
注：
民生
living standards
📍2020年报告中关于“民生”的表达：
1）民生
people's well-being
2）保民生
Ensure people's basic needs are met
3）惠民生
benefit the people
中央本级支出继续安排负增长，进一步大幅压减非急需非刚性支出，
Continued cuts will be made in central government expenditures, including considerable reductions to outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items.
注：
中央本级支出
central government expenditures
大幅压减
considerable reductions
非必须非刚性支出
outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items
📍对比expenditure、spending和outlay：
1）expenditure表示“花费；消费；费用；开支”（the act of spending or using money; an amount of money spent）
2）spending表示“（政府或其他机构的）开支，支出，花销”（the amount of money that is spent by a government or an organization）
3）outlay表示“（启动新项目的）开支，费用”（the money that you have to spend in order to start a new project）
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：中央政府要带头，中央本级支出安排负增长，其中非急需非刚性支出压减50%以上。 The central government will take the lead by committing to negative growth in its budgetary spending, with a more than 50 percent cut to outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items.
对地方一般性转移支付增长7.8%、增幅明显高于去年，
General transfer payments to local governments will be increased by 7.8 percent, which is significantly higher than last year.
注：
地方（政府）
local government
一般性转移支付
general transfer payments
其中均衡性转移支付、县级基本财力保障机制奖补资金等增幅均超过10%。
This will include growth of more than 10 percent in both transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services and rewards and subsidies to ensure basic funding for county-level governments.
注：
均衡性转移支付
transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services
奖补（资金）
rewards and subsidies
县级（政府）
county-level governments
📍均衡性转移支付是当同一级政府存在少量或没有财政赤字的情况下，上级政府把从富裕地区集中的一部分收入转移到贫困地区的补助。
📍subsidize作动词，表示 “资助；补助；给...发津贴”，(to give money to sb or an organization to help pay for) 这里的subsidies是subsidy名词的复数形式。
主谓宾结构，in后面的一大堆都是growth的同位语。
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：中央对地方均衡性转移支付增长10.9%。The central government's transfer payments to local governments for equalizing access to basic public services will increase by 10.9 percent.
建立常态化财政资金直达机制并扩大范围，
We will make it a normal practice to directly allocate budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments and place more funds under this mechanism.
注：
建立常态化...
make it a normal practice to do ...
将2.8万亿元中央财政资金纳入直达机制、规模明显大于去年，为市县基层惠企利民提供更加及时有力的财力支持。
This year, 2.8 trillion yuan of central government funding, a figure much larger than last year, will be allocated in this way to provide timely and strong fiscal support to these local governments to benefit businesses and people.
注：
中央财政资金
central government funding
惠企利民
benefit businesses and people
各级政府都要节用为民、
We at every level of government should practice fiscal frugality in the interests of the people.
注：
节用为民
practice fiscal frugality in the interests of the people
坚持过紧日子，
We should continue to tighten our belts,
确保基本民生支出只增不减，助力市场主体青山常在、生机盎然。
ensure continued increases in spending to meet basic living needs, and help sustain and energize market entities.
- 📖 -
公众号后台对话框里发送：666
参与抽奖（3月13日0点开）
公众号后台对话框里发送：沙发
查看沙发计划，抢沙发拿奖励
公众号后台对话框里发送：打卡
参与每天持续行动打卡计划
「未完待续」
「持续更新中」
公众号内发送具体年份
如2021可查看相应学习笔记
本系列笔记首发自微信公众号：LearnAndRecord
转载请务必私信联系授权，侵权必究！
- END -
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2021年3月12日
第2225天
每天持续行动学外语