「Part 6」2021政府工作报告中英文对照注释版
本笔记由「才思汇·啃报告小分队」出品，特别感谢小伙伴@金小川 和@我亦是行人 的付出。
——形成强大国内市场，构建新发展格局。
—Creating a robust domestic market and fostering a new development pattern
注：
强大国内市场
a robust domestic market
构建新发展格局
foster a new development pattern
把实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合起来，
We will pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand and intensify supply-side structural reform,
注：
扩大内需
expand domestic demand
供给侧结构性改革
supply-side structural reform
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告：1）深化农业供给侧结构性改革，新型经营主体大批涌现， Deepened supply-side structural reform in agriculture has brought the emergence of a large number of new types of agribusiness.
2）推进供给侧结构性改革，必须破除要素市场化配置障碍，降低制度性交易成本。Advancing supply-side structural reform demands removing barriers to market based allocation of the factors of production and reducing government-imposed transaction costs.
以创新驱动、高质量供给引领和创造新需求。
and generate new demand with innovation-driven development and high-quality supply.
注：
创新驱动
innovation-driven
高质量供给
high-quality supply
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告：坚持创新引领发展，着力激发社会创造力，with a commitment to innovation-driven development, and a focus on unlocking public creativity,
2019年报告：坚持创新引领发展，培育壮大新动能。We will continue to pursue innovation-driven development and foster new growth drivers.
破除制约要素合理流动的堵点，
We will remove impediments to the rational flow of production factors,
注：
制约...的堵点-->阻碍、障碍
impediment
（生产）要素合理流动
the rational flow of production factors
📍impediment作名词，表示“妨碍，阻碍；阻止”（something that makes progress, movement, or achieving something difficult or impossible），举个🌰：
In a number of developing countries, war has been an additional impediment to progress.
在一些发展中国家，战争成了发展的另一阻碍。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 4：居民消费仍受制约，impediments to consumer spending remain,
贯通生产、分配、流通、消费各环节，形成国民经济良性循环。
along all links of production, allocation, distribution, and consumption to facilitate favorable circulation in our economy.
注：
生产、分配、流通、消费
production, allocation, distribution, consumption
形成良性循环
facilitate favorable circulation
各环节
all links
薄弱环节
weak links
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 4：国内疫情防控仍有薄弱环节，Domestically, there are still weak links in our work to control Covid-19.
2020年报告：在疫情防控中，公共卫生应急管理等方面暴露出不少薄弱环节，During the COVID-19 response, many weak links have been exposed in public health emergency management,
2018年报告：采取定向降准、专项再贷款等差别化政策，加强对重点领域和薄弱环节支持，Differentiated policies, such as targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts and targeted re-lending, have been adopted to strengthen support for key fields and weak links.
2020年报告：走出一条有效应对冲击、实现良性循环的新路子。We need to blaze a new path that enables us to respond effectively to shocks and sustain a positive growth cycle.
立足国内大循环，
We will give priority to domestic circulation,
注：
立足-->优先，重点考虑
give priority to
国内大循环
domestic circulation
📍2020年7月30日，中央政治局会议释放出“加快形成以国内大循环（domestic circulation）为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进（promoting positive interplay between domestic circulation and international circulation）的新发展格局”的信号。
「类似表述对比」
十九大报告：牢牢立足社会主义初级阶段这个最大时机，and must base our work on this most important reality —the primary stage of socialism.
协同推进强大国内市场和贸易强国建设，
and work to build a strong domestic market and turn China into a trader of quality.
注：
强大国内市场
a strong domestic market
贸易强国建设-->把我国建设成为高质量的贸易国
turn China into a trader of quality
依托国内经济循环体系形成对全球要素资源的强大引力场，
We will leverage the flows of the domestic economy to make China a major magnet for global production factors and resources,
注：
全球要素资源
global production factors and resources
强大引力场
a major magnet (for)
促进国内国际双循环。
thereby promoting positive interplay between domestic circulation and international circulation.
注：
国内国际双循环
domestic circulation and international circulation
📍interplay表示“相互作用，相互影响”（the way in which two people or things affect each other）
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：良性互动格局加快形成 speed up the formation of a pattern of positive interplay
建立扩大内需的有效制度，
We will put in place frameworks to effectively expand domestic demand,
注：
扩大内需
expand domestic demand
📍put in place frameworks to effectively expand domestic demand --> put (frameworks to effectively expand domestic demand) in place
全面促进消费，
boost consumer spending across the board,
注：
全面
across the board
促进消费
boost consumer spending
拓展投资空间，
and unlock the potential for investment,
注：
拓展
unlock
投资空间-->投资潜力
the potential for investment
📍unlock表示“发掘（潜力）；揭开（秘密）；解开…之谜；发现…的秘密”（If you unlock the potential or the secrets of something or someone, you release them.）举个🌰：
A chemical has been discovered that may be the key to unlocking the mysteries of Parkinson's disease.
已发现一种化学物质，这可能是解开帕金森氏病之谜的钥匙。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 5：激发人才创新活力，unlock the creativity of talent,
2019年报告：把市场活力和社会创造力充分释放出来。and fully unlock market dynamism and social creativity.
加快培育完整内需体系。
thus accelerating the establishment of a complete system of domestic demand.
注：
完整内需体系
a complete system of domestic demand
——全面推进乡村振兴，完善新型城镇化战略。
—Advancing rural revitalization across the board and improving the new urbanization strategy
注：
全面
across the board
乡村振兴
rural revitalization
新型城镇化战略
the new urbanization strategy
📍revitalization作名词，表示“复兴，复苏，新生”；动词revitalize（to revitalize something that has lost its activity or its health means to make it active or healthy）
坚持农业农村优先发展，
The development of agriculture and rural areas remains at the top of our work agenda.
注：
农业农村
agriculture and rural areas
优先-->是我们工作日程的重点
at the top of our work agenda
严守18亿亩耕地红线，
The total area of China's farmland must stay above the red line of 120 million hectares.
注：
红线
the red line
严守...红线
stay above the red line of ...
📍耕地红线，指经常进行耕种的土地面积最低值。它是一个具有低限含义数字，有国家耕地红线和地方耕地红线。现行中国18亿亩耕地红线。
📍hectare 公顷
1公顷(ha)=15亩
1亩=0.0666667公顷(ha)
18 亿亩 = 120000000 公顷
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告：全面划定生态保护红线，and finish setting redlines for ecological conservation across the country.
实施高标准农田建设工程、黑土地保护工程，
We will carry out projects to develop high-quality farmland and conserve chernozem soils,
注：
实施
carry out
高标准（高质量）农田
high-quality farmland
黑土地保护（工程）
(projects to) conserve chernozem soils
📍chernozem /'tʃɜːnəzem/ 表示“黑钙土”（a black soil, rich in humus and carbonates, in cool or temperate semiarid regions, as the grasslands of Russia）
确保种源安全，
and ensure the security of our germplasm resources.
注：
确保
ensure
种源
germplasm resources
实施乡村建设行动，
We will carry out rural development initiatives,
注：
乡村建设-->乡村发展
rural development
健全城乡融合发展体制机制。
and improve systems and mechanisms for promoting integrated urban-rural development.
注：
体制机制
systems and mechanisms
城乡融合发展
integrated urban-rural development
城乡融合发展体制机制
systems and mechanisms for promoting integrated urban-rural development
建立健全巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果长效机制，
We will set up a robust long-term mechanism for consolidating and expanding the achievements of the battle against poverty,
注：
长效机制
a robust long-term mechanism
巩固拓展
consolidate and expand
脱贫攻坚成果
the achievements of the battle against poverty
「类似表述对比」
2017年报告：加快建立和完善促进房地产市场平稳健康发展的长效机制 We should move faster to establish robust long-term mechanisms for promoting the steady and sound development of the real estate sector.
提升脱贫地区整体发展水平。
and raise the overall performance of development in areas that have cast off poverty.
注：
整体发展水平
the overall performance of development
脱贫地区
areas that have cast off poverty
📍cast off表示“摆脱；抛弃；丢弃”（to get rid of sth because you no longer want or need it），举个🌰：
The town is still trying to cast off its dull image.
该镇仍在努力改变自己的单调形象。
深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化战略，
The strategy of new, people-centered urbanization will continue to be pursued.
注：
以人为核心
people-centered
深入推进
continue to be pursed
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告：要坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，从我国基本国情出发，We will stay true to the vision of people-centered development, start by considering China's own situation,
加快农业转移人口市民化，
We will move faster to grant permanent urban residency to people who move to cities from rural areas,
注：
农业转移人口
people who move to cities from rural areas
市民化-->获得永久城镇户口
grant permanent urban residency
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 4：1亿农业转移人口和其他常住人口在城镇落户目标顺利实现，The goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people from rural areas and other permanent residents without local household registration was met.
2019年报告Part 4：近1400万农业转移人口在城镇落户。and close to 14 million people originally from rural areas gained permanent urban residency.
2019年报告Part 16：抓好农业转移人口落户，推动城镇基本公共服务覆盖常住人口。We will make more progress in granting permanent urban residency to people who have moved to cities from the countryside and work toward making basic urban public services cover all permanent urban residents.
常住人口城镇化率提高到65%，
and raise the percentage of permanent urban residents to 65 percent of the population.
注：
常住（城镇）人口
permanent urban residents
发展壮大城市群和都市圈，
We will expand city clusters and metropolitan areas,
注：
城市群
city clusters
都市圈
metropolitan areas
实施城市更新行动，
implement an action plan for urban renewal,
注：
城市更新
urban renewal
📍urban renewal 英文释义：the improvement and sometimes replacement of buildings in a city, especially of whole neighbourhoods of housing 都市环境改造；都市重建计划
完善住房市场体系和住房保障体系，
and improve the housing market and housing support system.
注：
住房市场体系和住房保障体系
the housing market and housing support system
提升城镇化发展质量。
These moves will enable us to achieve higher quality urbanization.
——优化区域经济布局，促进区域协调发展。
—Improving regional economic structures and promoting coordinated regional development
注：
区域经济布局
regional economic structures
区域协调发展
coordinated regional development
深入实施区域重大战略、区域协调发展战略、主体功能区战略，
We will continue to implement the major regional development strategies as well as the strategies for coordinated regional development and functional zoning,
注：
区域协调发展战略
the strategies for coordinated regional development
（主体）功能区
functional zoning
📍辨析四大“区域”：zone / area / region / district (cf. Oxford English Dictionary)：
Zone: (1) an area or a region with a particular feature or use （有某特色或作用的）地区，地带；(2) one of the areas that a larger area is divided into for the purpose of organization （规划的）区域，分区
Area: (1) part of a place, town, etc., or a region of a country or the world （地方、城市、国家、世界的）地区，地域; (2) a part of a room, building or particular space that is used for a special purpose （房间、建筑物、处所划为某用途的）地方，场地，区
Region: (1) a large area of land, usually without exact limits or borders （通常界限不明的）地区，区域，地方; (2) one of the areas that a country is divided into, that has its own customs and/or its own government 行政区;
District: (1) an area of a country or town, especially one that has particular features 地区；区域; (2) one of the areas which a country, town or state is divided into for purposes of organization, with official boundaries (= borders) 区；管区；行政区
构建高质量发展的区域经济布局和国土空间支撑体系。
so as to create regional economic structures and a territorial space system that will sustain high-quality development.
注：
区域经济布局
regional economic structures
国土空间（支撑）体系
a territorial space system
📍territorial /terəˈtɔ: riəl/ 作形容词，表示“领土的；地盘性的”；territory /ˈterətɔ: ri/ 作名词，表示“领土，领域；范围；地域；版图”。
扎实推动京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展，
We will take solid steps to promote the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta, and ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin.
注：
扎实推动
take solid steps to promote
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 2：扎实推进农业农村、社会事业等领域改革。We made solid strides in reforms related to agriculture, rural development, and social programs.
2018年报告：扎实推进区域协调发展战略 Making solid progress in the coordinated regional development strategy
一体化发展
integrated development
生态保护
ecological protection
京津冀（地区）
the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
长江经济带
the Yangtze Economic Belt
粤港澳大湾区
the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
长三角
the Yangtze River Delta
黄河流域
the Yellow River basin
高标准、高质量建设雄安新区。
We will build Xiongan New Area to a high standard.
注：
雄安新区
Xiongan New Area
高标准、高质量
(to) a high standard
📍上文“高质量发展”译为 high-quality development
推动西部大开发形成新格局，推动东北振兴取得新突破，促进中部地区加快崛起，鼓励东部地区加快推进现代化。
We will usher in a new stage in large-scale development in the western region, promote breakthroughs in the revitalization of northeast China, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to accelerate modernization.
注：
西部大开发
large-scale development in the western region
东北振兴
the revitalization of northeast China
中部地区
the central region
加快…崛起
accelerate the rise of ...
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：继续推动西部大开发、东北全面振兴、中部地区崛起、东部率先发展。We will continue to promote large-scale development in the western region, the full revitalization of the northeast, the rise of the central region, and the trailblazing development of the eastern region.
📍usher /ˈʌʃə(r) / 作动词，表示“开创；开始；开启”（to be the beginning of sth. new or to make sth. new begin）。
支持革命老区、民族地区加快发展，加强边疆地区建设。
We will support old revolutionary base areas and ethnic minority areas in speeding up development, and strengthen the development of border areas.
注：
革命老区
old revolutionary base areas
民族地区
ethnic minority areas
边疆地区
border areas
积极拓展海洋经济发展空间。
We will work to unlock the development potential of the maritime economy.
注：
海洋经济
the maritime economy
发展空间-->发展潜力
the development potential
拓展
unlock
📍又来一个unlock.
——全面深化改革开放，持续增强发展动力和活力。
—Advancing reform and opening up across the board and bolstering the momentum and vitality of development
注：
全面
across the board
改革开放
reform and opening up
动力和活力
momentum and vitality
📍advance作动词，表示“发展，进步；促进；推动”（to develop and improve or to help sth. to succeed） 日常写作阅读中， “advance” 常用作名词，而历年来政府工作报告中常用作动词。如：
2020年报告Part 19：全力加强练兵备战…We will advance military training and war preparedness to the best of our ability...；
2020年报告Part 13：推进长江经济带共抓大保护。We will advance well-coordinated environmental conservation in the Yangtze Economic Belt.
📍bolster /ˈbəʊlstə(r) / 作动词，表示“改善；加强”（to improve sth or make it stronger）。
📍momentum /məˈmentəm/ 作名词，表示“推进力；动力；势头”（the ability to keep increasing or developing） 如：增强/减弱/保持势头 gain/lose/maintain momentum.
构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，激发各类市场主体活力，
To develop a high-standard socialist market economy, we will energize all market entities,
注：
高水平社会主义市场经济（体制）
a high-standard socialist market economy
激发…活力
energize
市场主体
market entities
📍energize表示“给...增添能量（或精力、活力、干劲）”（to give sb more energy, strength, etc.）
加快国有经济布局优化和结构调整，优化民营经济发展环境。
improve the layout and structure of the state-owned sector at a faster pace, and create a better development environment for private businesses.
注：
国有经济
the state-owned sector
布局优化
improve the layout
加快…
at a faster pace
民营经济
private businesses
优化...发展环境
create a better development environment
建设高标准市场体系，全面完善产权制度，
We will build a high-standard market system, effect an all-round improvement in the property rights system,
注：
高标准市场体系
a high-standard market system
全面完善
effect an all-round improvement in ...
产权制度
the property rights system
📍effect作动词，熟词僻义，表示“使发生；实现；引起”（to make sth happen），如：to effect a cure/change/recovery 产生疗效；引起变化；实现复苏。
推进要素市场化配置改革，强化竞争政策基础地位。
carry out reforms to promote the market-based allocation of production factors, and reinforce the foundational role of competition policies.
注：
要素市场化配置
the market-based allocation of production factors
强化
reinforce
基础地位
the foundational role
建立现代财税金融体制，提升政府经济治理能力。
We will modernize fiscal, taxation, and financial systems, and improve government capacity to conduct economic governance.
注：
财税金融体制
fiscal, taxation, and financial systems
政府经济治理能力
government capacity to conduct economic governance
深化“放管服”改革，构建一流营商环境。
We will deepen reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and upgrade services to foster a world-class business environment.
注：
一流营商环境
a world-class business environment
📍放管服，就是简政放权（streamline administration and delegate power）、放管结合（improve regulation）、优化服务（upgrade services）的简称。
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告Part 12：要深化“放管服”改革，We must push forward with reforms that delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services, (From: LearnAndRecord)
建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展，
We will develop new systems for a higher-standard open economy, promote the high-quality development of the BRI,
注：
更高水平
higher-standard
高质量
high-quality
开放型经济
the open economy
“一带一路”（倡议）
the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
构建面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络。
and build a globally oriented network of high-standard free trade zones.
注：
面向全球的
globally oriented
自由贸易区
free trade zones
——建设更高水平发展，促进人与自然和谐共生。
—Promoting green development and ensuring harmony between humanity and nature
注：
「类似表述对比」
十九大报告Part 10：坚持人与自然和谐共生。Ensuring harmony between human and nature
十九大报告Part 19：我们要建设的现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。The modernization that we pursue is one characterized by harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
坚持绿水青山就是金山银山理念，加强山水林田湖草系统治理，
We will stay true to the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and strengthen the conservation of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland ecosystems.
注：
绿水青山就是金山银山
lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets
山水林田湖草系统
mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland ecosystems
加快推进重要生态屏障建设，构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，森林覆盖率达到24.1%。
We will move faster to build major ecological shields, develop a national park-based nature reserve system, and expand forest coverage to 24.1 percent of China's total land area.
注：
重要生态屏障
major ecological shields
自然保护地体系
the nature reserve system
森林覆盖（率）
forest coverage
持续改善环境质量，基本消除重污染天气和城市黑臭水体。
We will continue to improve the quality of the environment, and generally eliminate heavy air pollution and black, malodorous water bodies in cities.
注：
基本消除
generally eliminate
重污染天气
heavy air pollution
黑臭水体
black, malodorous water bodies
📍malodorous /ˌmælˈəʊdərəs / 表示“恶臭的”（having an unpleasant smell）
落实2030年应对气候变化国家自主贡献目标。
We will ensure that China meets the targets for its intended nationally determined contributions in response to climate change by 2030.
注：
应对
in response to
（落实/完成）…目标
meet the targets for...
加快发展方式绿色转型，协同推进经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护，
We will expedite the transition of China's growth model to one of green development, and promote both high-quality economic growth and high-standard environmental protection.
注：
发展方式
the growth model
📍expedite /ˈekspədaɪt /表示“加快；加速”（to make a process happen more quickly）
单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低13.5%、18%。
Energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 13.5 percent and 18 percent, respectively.
注：
能耗
energy consumption
二氧化碳排放
carbon dioxide emissions
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2015年2月8日
2021年3月10日
第2223天
每天持续行动学外语
the central region