「Part 7」2020政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

要大力优化财政支出结构，

We will work harder to improve the composition of fiscal spending.

注：

财政支出结构

the composition of fiscal spending

基本民生支出只增不减，重点领域支出要切实保障，一般性支出要坚决压减，

We will see that spending on people’s basic wellbeing is only increased and not cut, ensure spending in key areas, and resolutely cut general expenditures.

注：

基本民生支出

spending on people’s basic wellbeing

重点领域支出

spending in key areas

一般性支出

general expenditures

📍 对比expenditure和spending：

1）expenditure表示“花费；消费；费用；开支”（the act of spending or using money; an amount of money spent）

2）spending表示“（政府或其他机构的）开支，支出，花销”（the amount of money that is spent by a government or an organization）

3）下文出现的另一个词：outlay表示“（启动新项目的）开支，费用”（the money that you have to spend in order to start a new project）

「类似表述对比」

2018年报告：严控一般性支出，and strictly control general expenditures,

严禁新建楼堂馆所，严禁铺张浪费。

Construction of new government buildings and wasteful and excessive spending will be strictly prohibited.

注：

严禁铺张浪费

wasteful and excessive spending will be strictly prohibited

各级政府必须真正过紧日子，

Governments at all levels must truly tighten their belt.

注：

过紧日子

tighten one's belt

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告：各级政府要过紧日子，想方设法筹集资金。governments at all levels must tighten their belts and find workable means of raising funds.

2018年报告：各级政府仍要坚持过紧日子，执守简朴、力戒浮华，government at all levels must keep its belt tightened, keep things as simple as possible, abstain from all excess,

2017年报告：各级政府要坚持过紧日子，Governments at all levels should tighten their belts,

📍 tighten one's belt 表示“勒紧裤带，省吃俭用”（to spend less money than you did before because you have less money）

中央政府要带头，中央本级支出安排负增长，其中非急需非刚性支出压减50%以上。

The central government will take the lead by committing to negative growth in its budgetary spending, with a more than 50 percent cut to outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items.

注：

带头

take the lead

非急需非刚性支出

outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items

各类结余、沉淀资金要应收尽收、重新安排。

All types of surplus, idle and carryover funds that should be taken back will be withdrawn and reallocated.

注：

结余

surplus

沉淀资金

idle and carryover funds

📍 沉淀资金指闲散放置在社会上，未被聚积起来加以利用的资金。沉淀资金也可以指折旧基金在固定资产更新期限到来之前处于生产过程之外的一种“闲置资金”。

「类似表述对比」

2018年报告：盘活沉淀资金，put idle funds to work,

2016年报告：对真抓实干成效明显的地方，在建设资金安排、新增建设用地、财政沉淀资金统筹使用等方面，加大奖励支持力度。Localities which work diligently and make notable achievements will receive greater incentives and support in terms of development funds, land designations for new construction projects,and idle budgetary funds made available to them.

要大力提质增效，

We will see that funds are put to better and more effective use;

各项支出务必精打细算，一定要把每一笔钱都用在刀刃上、紧要处，一定要让市场主体和人民群众有真真切切的感受。

we will scrutinize all expenditure items and see that every cent is used where it is needed most and where market entities and the people will feel the greatest benefit from it.

注：

每一笔钱都用在刀刃上、紧要处

every cent is used where it is needed most and where market entities

scrutinize /ˈskruːtɪˌnaɪz/ 表示“仔细查看；认真检查；细致审查”（to look at or examine sb/sth carefully）举个🌰：

The report was carefully scrutinized before publication.

报告在发表前经过仔细审查。

稳健的货币政策要更加灵活适度。

We will pursue a prudent monetary policy in a more flexible and appropriate way.

注：

稳健的货币政策

a prudent monetary policy

灵活适度（的方式）

in a flexible and appropriate way

📍 prudent表示“明智谨慎的，慎重的，审慎的”（sensible and careful, especially by trying to avoid unnecessary risks），如：a prudent decision/investment 审慎的决定/投资。

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告：坚持实施稳健的货币政策，We maintained a prudent monetary policy

2018年报告：坚持实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.

2017年报告：今年要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，This year, we will continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.

综合运用降准降息、再贷款等手段，引导广义货币供应量和社会融资规模增速明显高于去年。

We will use a variety of tools such as required reserve ratio reductions, interest rate cuts, and re-lending to enable M2 money supply and aggregate financing to grow at notably higher rates than last year.

注：

降准

required reserve ratio reductions

📍 降准：降低法定存款准备金率，是央行货币政策之一

法定准备金比率

required reserve ratio

降息

interest rate cuts

广义货币供应量

M2 money supply

📍 广义货币是一个经济学概念，和狭义货币相对应，货币供给的一种形式或口径，以M2来表示。

保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上基本稳定。

We will keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.

注：

人民币汇率

the RMB exchange rate

在合理均衡水平

at an adaptive, balanced level

创新直达实体经济的货币政策工具，务必推动企业便利获得贷款，推动利率持续下行。

As we work to develop new monetary policy instruments that can directly stimulate the real economy, it is crucial that we take steps to ensure enterprises can secure loans more easily, and promote steady reduction of interest rates.

注：

货币政策工具

monetary policy instruments

实体经济

the real economy

获得贷款

secure loans

📍 secure作动词，熟词僻义，表示“抵押；为…担保；为（债务或贷款）作抵押”（if you secure a debt or a loan , you legally promise that, if you cannot pay back the money you have borrowed, you will give the lender goods or property of the same value instead）

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告：规范地方政府举债融资机制。We will improve the mechanisms by which local governments secure financing.

2017年报告：有效缓解中小微企业融资难、融资贵问题 and effectively address the problem of medium, small, and micro enterprises being unable to access loans or having to pay high interest to secure loans.

就业优先政策要全面强化。

We will strengthen the employment-first policy with comprehensive measures.

注：

就业优先政策

the employment-first policy

财政、货币和投资等政策要聚力支持稳就业。

We will create synergy to stabilize employment through the coordinated use of fiscal, monetary, and investment policies.

注：

📍 synergy /ˈsɪnədʒɪ/表示“协同作用，协同增效作用“（the extra energy, power, success, etc. that is achieved by two or more people or companies working together, instead of on their own）

努力稳定现有就业，积极增加新的就业，促进失业人员再就业。

We will strive to keep existing jobs secure, work actively to create new ones, and help unemployed people find work.

注：

稳定现有就业

keep existing jobs secure

增加新的就业

create new jobs

各地要清理取消对就业的不合理限制，促就业举措要应出尽出，拓岗位办法要能用尽用。

All local governments need to overhaul or rescind excessive restrictions on employment, and adopt all possible measures to bolster employment.

注：

清理取消对就业的不合理限制

overhaul or rescind excessive restrictions on employment

📍 rescind /rɪˈsɪnd/ 表示“废除；取消；撤销”（to make a law, agreement, order, or decision no longer have any (legal) power）

「类似表述对比」

2018年报告Part 5：取消长期实行的药品加成政策，rescinded the policy, long in effect, of allowing hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine,

2018年报告Part 7：修改废止一大批部门规章。and revised or rescinded a large number of government department regulations.

2018年报告Part 16：全面取消二手车限迁政策。and rescind all local policies that restrict sales of non-local second-hand vehicles.

脱贫是全面建成小康社会必须完成的硬任务，

Eliminating poverty is an obligatory task we must complete in order to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

注：

脱贫

eliminating poverty

硬任务

the obligatory task

📍 obligatory /ɒˈblɪɡətərɪ/ 表示“（根据规定、法律等）必须履行的，强制性的，有义务的”（If something is obligatory, you must do it because of a rule or law, etc. ）

要坚持现行脱贫标准，强化扶贫举措落实，确保剩余贫困人口全部脱贫，

We will continue to apply the current poverty alleviation standards, take stronger steps to implement poverty reduction measures, and ensure that all remaining poor people are lifted out of poverty.

注：

现行脱贫标准

the current poverty alleviation standards

强化扶贫举措落实

take stronger steps to implement poverty reduction measures

脱贫

be lifted out of poverty / poverty alleviation

健全和执行好返贫人口监测帮扶机制，巩固脱贫成果。

We will improve and effectively utilize mechanisms for monitoring and assisting people who fall back into poverty and consolidate our gains in poverty alleviation.

注：

返贫人口

people who fall back into poverty

... 监测帮扶机制

mechanisms for monitoring and assisting ...

巩固...成果

consolidate our gains in ...

要打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战，实现污染防治攻坚战阶段性目标。

We will endeavor to protect our blue skies, clear waters, and clean lands, and meet the goals for the critical battle of pollution prevention and control.

注：

污染防治攻坚战

the critical battle of pollution prevention and control

加强重大风险防控，坚决守住不发生系统性风险底线。

Strong prevention and control measures will be taken to forestall systemic risks.

注：

守住不发生系统性风险底线

forestall systemic risks

📍 forestall表示“预先阻止；在（他人）之前行动；先发制人”（to prevent sth from happening or sb from doing sth by doing sth first）举个🌰：

Try to anticipate what your child will do and forestall problems.

尽量预见你的孩子会干什么，并预先阻止问题发生。

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告Part 9：在发展中逐步化解，坚决避免发生系统性、区域性风险。We need to defuse risks step by step in the course of pursuing development and decisively forestall any systemic or regional risks.

2019年报告Part 2：防范化解重大风险，We forestalled and defused major risks.

2019年报告Part 11：也为更好防范化解地方政府债务风险创造条件。and create conditions for better forestalling and defusing local governments' debt risks.

今年已过去近5个月，

Almost five months of this year have passed.

下一阶段要毫不放松常态化疫情防控，抓紧做好经济社会发展各项工作。

In the next stage, we will not let up on any front of our long-term fight against COVID-19, nor will we lose any time in advancing China’s economic and social development agenda.

注：

毫不放松

not let up on sth

📍 let up onbi表示“减少压力；宽容对待，放松”（to stop treating someone severely, or to stop doing something so forcefully）

出台的政策既保持力度又考虑可持续性，根据形势变化还可完善，

The policies we adopt should be both forceful and sustainable, and they may be adjusted as called for.

我们有决心有能力完成全年目标任务。

We have both the resolve and ability to accomplish the targets and tasks set for this year.

注：

有决心有能力

have both the resolve and ability to

「未完待续」

「持续更新中」

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