期刊导航 | Urban Studies文章精选(147-150）
为了更好地传播知识，推动期刊国际合作，本刊与 Urban Studies 杂志达成网络合作，不定期推送友刊的精选文章摘要。读者们可以借此了解国际城市研究的新动向，同时学习城市研究领域学术英文的正规表达。欢迎大家批评指正。
Critical urban theory in the Anthropocene
人类世的批判城市理论
Stephanie Wakefield（美国生命大学）
首次出版时间：2021/10/29｜研究论文
Abstract: Critical urban thinkers often imagine urbanisation and the Anthropocene as inevitably being companion processes. But is planetary urbanisation the necessary telos and spatial limit of life in the Anthropocene? Is urban resilience the final form of urban responses to climate change? Will (or should) the urban (as either spatial form or process) survive the upending impacts of climate change or adaptation? Or, if the Anthropocene is a time of deep environmental and epistemological upheaval without historical precedent, might even more recently created spatial concepts of the planetary urban condition themselves soon be out of date? This article raises these questions for urban scholars via critical engagement with a proposal to retire Miami – considered climate change ‘ground zero’ in the US and doomed by rising seas – and repurpose it as fill for ‘The Islands of South Florida’: a self-sufficient territory of artificial high-rises delinked from global infrastructural networks. This vision of an ‘urbicidal Anthropocene’, the article argues, suggests that the injunction subtending planetary urbanisation work – to relentlessly question inherited spatial frameworks – has not been taken far enough. Still needed is Anthropocene critical urban theory, to consider urban forms and processes emerging via climate change and adaptation, but also how such mutations may point beyond the theoretical and spatial bounds of the contemporary urban condition itself.
摘要：批判性城市思想家经常将城市化和人类世想象成不可避免的伴随过程。但是，星球城市化是人类世生活的必要目的和空间限制吗？城市韧性是城市应对气候变化的最终形式吗？城市（作为空间形式或过程）是否会（或是否应该）在气候变化或适应的颠覆性影响中幸存下来？还是说，如果人类世是一个没有历史先例的深层环境和认识论动荡时期，那么，最近创建的星球城市化条件这一空间概念本身是否很快就会过时呢？本文通过批判性地探讨一项关于迈阿密的提议，向城市学者提出了这些问题。迈阿密被认为是美国气候变化的“原爆点”，并将因海平面上升而被毁灭，该项提议主张放弃作为一个城市的迈阿密，并以其作为填充物创造“南佛罗里达群岛”，该群岛将会是一片独立于全球基础设施网络的、自给自足的领域，由大量高层建筑组成。本文认为，这种“城市化人类世”的愿景表明，限制星球城市化的劝告方面的研究（其无情地质疑我们所继承的空间框架）还不够深入。我们仍然需要人类世批判性城市理论，以思考即将因气候变化和适应而涌现的城市形式和过程，以及这些突变可能会如何超越当代城市条件本身的理论和空间界限。
Keywords: agglomeration, Anthropocene, built environment, environment, infrastructure, resilience, sustainability, urbanization
关键词：集聚, 人类世, 建筑环境, 环境, 基础设施, 韧性, 可持续性, 城市化
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211045523
A rhythmanalysis approach to understanding the vending-walking forms and everyday use of urban street space in Yuncheng, China
通过节奏分析法理解中国运城的街头小贩布局和日常的步行空间使用
Ziwen Sun（北京理工大学）
首次出版时间：2021/3/26｜研究论文
Abstract: In Chinese cities, informal street vendors often appear in a transient space intertwined with a large number of pedestrians and heterogeneity, in contrast with the dichotomous construction of static built environment and dynamic street activity examined in most studies on walkability. This paper explores the rhythm of everyday street spaces and the temporary experiences of pedestrians and street vendors in Yuncheng, China. The author argues that street vendors are particularly well suited for capturing city rhythms and can discern the tempo of social life and pedestrians in urban street spaces. Following Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis approach and drawing on 86 semi-structured interviews combined with on-site observation in three street spaces, this paper investigates how rhythms are linked to spatial form, time and the everyday street activity of walking and vending. It expands an analytical framework in both daily rhythms and long-standing rhythms, including arrhythmia, eurhythmia and polyrhythmia. The conclusions provide an alternative way of understanding why pedestrians emerge, through considering how street vendors temporarily meet the everyday needs of different pedestrians in specific, real and detailed ways. Such fine-grained narratives, in turn, demonstrate the need to advance theoretical and empirical understandings of multiple rhythms in relation to walkable space and walking forms.
摘要：在中国城市，非正规街头小贩经常出没于交通枢纽，这些地点有大量行人，表现出异质性，这与大多数步行性研究中考察的静态建筑环境和动态街头活动的二分法结构形成鲜明对比。本文探讨了中国运城日常街头空间的节奏以及行人和街头小贩的即时体验。作者认为，街头小贩特别适合捕捉城市节奏，能够辨别城市街头空间中社会生活和行人的节奏。本文遵循列斐伏尔（Lefebvre）的节奏分析方法，结合86次半结构化访谈以及对三个街头空间的现场观察，研究了节奏与空间形式、时间以及日常的步行和贩卖等街头活动之间的关系。本文扩展了日常节奏和长期节奏的分析框架，包括失常节奏、正常节奏和复合节奏。通过考虑街头小贩如何以具体、真实和详细的方式即时满足不同行人的日常需求，本文的结论为理解行人的出现提供了另一种方式。这种细粒度的叙事反过来证明，需要推进与步行空间和步行形式相关的多重节奏的理论和实证理解。
Keywords: everyday life, informality, rhythm, street vending, temporality, urban space, walking
关键词：日常生活, 非正规性, 节奏, 街头贩卖, 即时性, 城市空间, 步行
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098021997044
Hukou as benefits: Demand for hukou and wages in China
户口作为福利：中国对户口和工资的需求
Samantha A Vortherms（美国加利福尼亚大学欧文分校）
Gordon G Liu（北京大学）
首次出版时间：2022/4/8｜研究论文
Abstract: As China encourages urbanisation, a necessary process is the urbanisation of its people, granting local-urban hukou, or local citizenship, to migrant populations. But reforms encouraging urbanisation are dependent on migrant populations wanting to become formal, registered urban residents. What is the demand for hukou? Based on a unique probabilistically-sampled contingent valuation survey of over 900 migrants in Beijing and Changsha, we use migrants’ willingness-to-pay for hukou as a measure of demand for urbanisation. We find that migrants in Beijing are willing to give up between 9% and 14% of their income over five years to gain local-urban hukou. Migrants in Changsha are much less willing to pay for hukou with a willingness-to-pay indistinguishable from zero, and rural migrants have a negative willingness-to-pay. This study contributes to the broader literature on the impact of China’s hukou system by providing a unique test of migrant workers’ willingness-to-pay for local citizenship.
摘要：随着中国鼓励城市化，一个必要的过程是其人口的城市化，即给予流动人口当地城市户口或当地市民身份。但鼓励城市化的改革有赖于流动人口渴望成为正式的、登记在册的城市居民。对户口的需求状况如何呢？基于对北京和长沙900多名农民工的独特概率抽样或有评估调查，我们使用农民工为户口付费的意愿作为城市化需求的衡量标准。我们发现，北京的农民工愿意花费其五年内9%~14%的收入来获得本地城市户口。在长沙，移民的付费意愿则要低得多，付费意愿几乎为零，而农民工的付费意愿则为负。通过对农民工为当地市民身份付费的意愿进行独特的测试，本研究为关于中国户口制度影响的更广泛的文献做出了贡献。
Keywords: China, contingent valuation, household registration, hukuo, migration, urbanization
关键词：中国, 条件评估, 户籍登记, 迁移, 城市化
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221074911
Tracing as comparative method
追踪作为比较研究的方法
Astrid Wood（英国纽卡斯尔大学）
首次出版时间：2022/4/21｜研究论文
Abstract: Urban scholarship is bursting with comparison. We use comparison as an explicit and implicit tool to frame our urban analysis. But how do we actually do comparison? This commentary presents a fine-tuned analysis of ‘tracing’ as both a conceptual framework and a methodological process for doing comparative urbanism. It draws on the many excellent contributions in this special issue to argue for three methodological approaches to tracing – following the trace, the people doing the tracing and the pathways of tracing – adding reflections that are not only theoretically valuable but also practically useful. In concluding, I argue that this approach of tracing highlights the endless possibilities for thoughtful and productive comparison starting from everywhere and ending up anywhere.
摘要：城市化学者开展各种比较。我们比较城市A和城市B；我们将一与多进行比较；我们将历史与当前进行比较。我们进行比较是因为它有助于我们思考相同点与不同点；我们使用比较作为一种明确和隐含的工具，它构成了我们对城市的大部分思考的框架。但是我们如何比较呢？这篇批判性评论对“追踪”进行了细致入微的分析，将其作为概念框架和实际进行比较城市研究的过程。它借鉴特刊中许多学者卓越的贡献，论证了看待追踪的三种方法论—追踪轨迹、追踪的人、追踪的路径，本文的思考不仅具有理论价值而且具有实践价值。
Keywords: comparative urbanism, tracing, urban studies
关键词：比较城市研究, 追踪, 城市研究
原文地址：https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221086124
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