每周分子 | Molecule of the Week

Original ACS 美国化学会 ACS美国化学会 2022-07-01

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每周分子：氟伏沙明

Molecule of the Week: Fluvoxamine

氟伏沙明是一种老牌抗抑郁药，可抑制神经细胞对5-羟基色氨酸(5-HTP)的吸收；5-羟基色氨酸本身是一种温和的抗抑郁药，也是血清素(5-羟色胺)的生物合成前体。氟伏沙明是一种选择性5-羟色胺再吸收抑制剂，可有效对抗重度抑郁症以及强迫症、焦虑症、恐慌症以及创伤后应激障碍。

氟伏沙明是由比利时化学公司Solvay的子公司于20世纪70年代中期开发出来的。在一件1978年的专利中，发明人Hendricus B. A. Antonius和Volkert Claassen阐述了其作用机理。氟伏沙明以Luvox和 Floxyfral等商品名来销售，现在也有了其可用的仿制药。氟伏沙明最常被配制成其马来酸盐来成药。

氟伏沙明具有抗炎特性。因此，它已被用来研究治疗COVID-19 。在2020年的一项临床试验中，有152名COVID-19轻症非住院成人患者参与了该试验。华盛顿大学(美国圣路易)的Eric. J. Lenze和其它共同作者们报道称，与安慰剂治疗的受试者相比，接受该药物治疗的受试者的临床恶化程度在统计学上显著降低。

然而，美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)2021年4月的一份报告称，由于研究规模较小，氟伏沙明对COVID-19的作用效果尚无定论。NIH给出的建议是：“需要来自充分有力、精心设计和良好实施的临床试验的结果，以便就氟伏沙明在治疗COVID-19中的作用提供更具体、循证的指导。”

氟伏沙明信息速览

CAS 登记号	54739-18-3
SciFinder命名	1-Pentanone, 5-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-, O-(2-aminoethyl) oxime, (1E)-
分子式	C₁₅H₂₁F₃N₂O₂
摩尔质量	318.33 g/mol
外观	白色晶体或粉末
熔点	120–122 °C (dec.)
水溶性	<1 g/L

氟伏沙明危害信息

GHS*分类：急性毒性，口服，分类4
H302-吞食有害
GHS分类：致敏，皮肤，分类1
H317-可能引起皮肤过敏反应
GHS分类：严重眼损伤/眼刺激，分类2A
H319-引起严重的眼刺激

【关于每周分子】

自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的CAS SciFinderⁿ中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧。

Fluvoxamine is an old-line antidepressant that inhibits uptake of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT). A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluvoxamine is effective against major depression as well as obsessive–compulsive, anxiety, panic, and post-traumatic stress disorders.

Fluvoxamine was developed in the mid-1970s by a subsidiary of the Belgian chemical company Solvay. In a 1978 patent, inventors Hendricus B. A. Antonius and Volkert Claassen described its mode of action. It was marketed under the trade names Luvox and Floxyfral, among others, and is now available as a generic. It is most often formulated as its maleate salt.

Fluvoxamine has shown anti-inflammatory properties. As a result, it has been investigated as a treatment for COVID-19. In a 2020 clinical trial that involved 152 nonhospitalized adults with mild COVID-19, Eric. J. Lenze and coauthors at Washington University in St. Louis reported statistically significant less clinical deterioration in subjects treated with the drug than subjects treated with placebo.

An April 2021 report from the National Institutes of Health, however, declared the results inconclusive because of the small size of the study. NIH’s recommendation: “Results from adequately powered, well-designed, and well-conducted clinical trials are needed to provide more specific, evidence-based guidance on the role of fluvoxamine for the treatment of COVID-19.”

Fluvoxaminefast facts

CAS Reg. No.	54739-18-3
SciFinder nomenclature	1-Pentanone, 5-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-, O-(2-aminoethyl) oxime, (1E)-
Empirical formula	C₁₅H₂₁F₃N₂O₂
Molar mass	318.33 g/mol
Appearance	White crystals or powder
Melting point	120–122 °C (dec.)
Water solubility	<1 g/L

Fluvoxamine hazard information

Acute toxicity, oral, category 4
H304-Harmful if swallowed
Sensitization, skin, category 1
H317-May cause an allergic skin reaction
Serious eye damage/eye irritation, category 2A
H319-Causes serious eye irritation
Carcinogenicity, category 1A

About Molecule of the Week

MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using CAS SciFinderⁿ. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.

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