独家：《习近平谈治国理政》第四卷重要概念汉英对照（十）

中央宣传部（国务院新闻办公室）会同中央党史和文献研究院、中国外文局编辑的《习近平谈治国理政》第四卷，由中国外文局所属外文出版社以中英文版出版，面向海内外发行。《习近平谈治国理政》第四卷集中展现了马克思主义中国化的最新成果，充分体现了中国共产党为推动构建人类命运共同体、共建美好世界作出的最新贡献，是全面系统反映习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想开辟新境界、实现新飞跃的权威著作。

中国外文局所属当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院联合外文出版社，依托中国翻译协会重大翻译任务审评工作机制，围绕该书中重要概念范畴表述的中英文表达，推出双语对照版，供业界及相关人员参考。十、积极发展全过程人民民主1. 全过程人民民主whole-process people’s democracy

例句：坚持以人民为中心，坚持国家一切权力属于人民，支持和保证人民通过人民代表大会行使国家权力，健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道，保证人民平等参与、平等发展权利，发展更加广泛、更加充分、更加健全的全过程人民民主。

译文： We should improve democracy, create more forms of democracy, expand channels for democracy, and ensure the people’s equal right to participation in governance and in development, so as to promote a whole-process people’s democracy that is broader, fuller, and more robust.2. 社会主义民主政治socialist democracy例句：人民通过选举、投票行使权利和人民内部各方面在重大决策之前进行充分协商，尽可能就共同性问题取得一致意见，是中国社会主义民主的两种重要形式，共同构成了中国社会主义民主政治的制度特点和优势。

译文：China’s socialist democracy takes two important forms: One, the people exercise rights by means of elections and voting, and two, people from all sectors of society are consulted extensively in order to reach the widest possible consensus on matters of common concern before major decisions are made. These are the institutional features and strengths of China’s socialist democracy.

3. 民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督democratic elections, consultations, decision-making, management and oversight

例句：全体人民依法实行民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，依法通过各种途径和形式管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务。

译文： This allows all the people to engage in law-based democratic elections, consultations, decision-making, management and oversight and to manage state, economic, cultural and social affairs in various ways and forms in accordance with the law.4. 全链条、全方位、全覆盖的民主democracy that covers all aspects of the democratic process and all sectors of society

例句：我国全过程人民民主实现了过程民主和成果民主、程序民主和实质民主、直接民主和间接民主、人民民主和国家意志相统一，是全链条、全方位、全覆盖的民主，是最广泛、最真实、最管用的社会主义民主。

译文：Whole-process people’s democracy in China integrates process-oriented democracy with results-oriented democracy, procedural democracy with substantive democracy, direct democracy with indirect democracy, and people’s democracy with the will of the state. It is a democracy that covers all aspects of the democratic process and all sectors of society. It is the broadest, most genuine, and most effective socialist democracy.5. 人民代表大会制度people’s congress system

例句：人民代表大会制度是实现我国全过程人民民主的重要制度载体。

译文：The people’s congress system is an important institutional vehicle for realizing whole-process people’s democracy in China.6. 党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一unity of Party leadership, the people’s status as masters of the country, and law-based governance of the country

例句：必须坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路。坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，核心是坚持党的领导。人民代表大会制度是坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一的根本政治制度安排，保证党领导人民依法有效治理国家。

译文：We must keep to the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics. It is essential that we uphold the unity of Party leadership, the people’s status as masters of the country, and law-based governance of the country. Of these, Party leadership is of the paramount importance. The system of people’s congresses is a fundamental political system established to guarantee the implementation of these principles. It enables the Party to lead the people to govern the country effectively and in accordance with the law.7. 党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用

core role of the Party in exercising overall leadership and coordinating the efforts of all sides

例句：坚持党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，保证党的理论、路线、方针政策和决策部署在国家工作中得到全面贯彻和有效执行，支持和保证国家政权机关依照宪法法律积极主动、独立负责、协调一致开展工作。

译文：We must uphold the core role of the Party in exercising overall leadership and coordinating the efforts of all sides, uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, and ensure that the Party’s theories, guidelines, principles, policies, decisions and plans are fully and effectively implemented in the work of the state. We should provide support to agencies of state power and ensure that they carry out their work in accordance with the Constitution and the law, and in an active, independent, and coordinated manner.8. 人民当家作主制度体系institutional framework under which the people run the country

例句：要坚持和完善人民当家作主制度体系，不断推进社会主义民主政治制度化、规范化、程序化，更好把制度优势转化为治理效能。

译文：We must uphold and improve the institutional framework under which the people run the country. We should continue to improve the institutions, standards, and procedures of socialist democracy and translate our institutional strengths into effective governance.9. 依宪治国、依宪执政Constitution-based national governance and exercise of state power

例句：坚持依法治国首先要坚持依宪治国，坚持依法执政首先要坚持依宪执政。坚持依宪治国、依宪执政，就必须坚持宪法确定的中国共产党领导地位不动摇，坚持宪法确定的人民民主专政的国体和人民代表大会制度的政体不动摇。

译文：To ensure law-based governance of the country, we must first ensure governance based on the Constitution; to ensure law-based exercise of state power, we must first ensure exercise of state power based on the Constitution. To ensure Constitution-based national governance and exercise of state power, we must remain committed to upholding the leadership position of the CPC, upholding the people’s democratic dictatorship as our state system, and upholding the people’s congress system as our system of state power, all of which are enshrined in our Constitution. 10. 人大监督制度system of oversight by people’s congresses

例句：要完善人大监督制度，健全人大对执法司法工作监督的机制和方式。

译文：We should improve the system of oversight by people’s congresses and develop sound mechanisms and methods for their oversight of law enforcement and judicial work.11. “一府一委两院”governments, supervision commissions, courts, and procuratorates

例句：各级“一府一委两院”要严格执行人大及其常委会制定的法律法规和作出的决议决定，依法报告工作，自觉接受人大监督。

译文：Governments, supervision commissions, courts, and procuratorates at all levels must strictly implement the laws, regulations, resolutions and decisions made by people’s congresses and their standing committees at the same level, report on their work in accordance with the law, and readily accept oversight from people’s congresses.12. 人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权the people’s rights to information, participation, expression, and oversight

例句：要保证人民依法行使选举权利，民主选举产生人大代表，保证人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权落实到人大工作各方面各环节全过程，确保党和国家在决策、执行、监督落实各个环节都能听到来自人民的声音。

译文：We should ensure that the people can exercise their lawful right to elect people’s congress deputies through democratic elections, that the people’s rights to information, participation, expression, and oversight are implemented in every aspect of the work of people’s congresses, and that the people’s voice can be heard at every step in the process of making, executing and scrutinizing the decisions of the Party and the state.13. 中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation

例句：要坚持和完善中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度，巩固和发展最广泛的爱国统一战线，发展全过程人民民主，始终坚持大团结大联合，最大限度凝聚起共同奋斗的力量。

译文：We must uphold and improve the system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation, consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic united front, promote whole-process people’s democracy, strive to achieve great unity and solidarity, and pool as much strength as possible for our collective endeavors.14. 中国人权发展道路Chinese path of human rights protection

例句：坚持尊重人民主体地位。人民性是中国人权发展道路最显著的特征。

译文：Respect and ensure the principal status of the people. “For the people” is the distinguishing feature of the Chinese path of human rights protection.15. 人权法治保障legal protection for human rights

例句：我们不断发展全过程人民民主，推进人权法治保障，坚决维护社会公平正义，人民享有更加广泛、更加充分、更加全面的民主权利。

译文：To ensure that our people enjoy fuller and more extensive democratic rights, we have put in place whole-process people’s democracy and legal protection for human rights, and defended social fairness and justice.16. 全球人权治理global governance on human rights

例句：要积极推动全球人权治理，弘扬全人类共同价值观，坚持平等互信、包容互鉴、合作共赢、共同发展的理念，推动全球人权治理朝着更加公平公正合理包容的方向发展。

译文：We will contribute to global governance on human rights, advocating the common values of humanity, and embracing the principles of equality, mutual trust, inclusiveness, mutual learning, win-win cooperation, and common development. The aim is to promote greater fairness, justice, reason, and inclusivity in global governance on human rights.17. 中华民族共同体意识sense of the Chinese nation as one community

例句：要准确把握和全面贯彻我们党关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想，以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线，坚定不移走中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路，构筑中华民族共有精神家园，促进各民族交往交流交融，推动民族地区加快现代化建设步伐，提升民族事务治理法治化水平，防范化解民族领域风险隐患，推动新时代党的民族工作高质量发展，动员全党全国各族人民为实现全面建成社会主义现代化强国的第二个百年奋斗目标而团结奋斗。

译文：It is imperative to accurately understand and fully implement our Party’s guidelines on ethnic affairs, and strengthen and improve this work in the new era, with the goal of reinforcing the sense of the Chinese nation as one community. We need to take a Chinese approach to ethnic issues, build a cultural home shared by the Chinese nation, enhance interactions, exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups, accelerate modernization in areas with large ethnic minority populations, strengthen law-based governance of ethnic affairs, and prevent and resolve major risks and hidden threats in ethnic affairs. We should improve the quality of our ethnic work in the new era, and mobilize the whole Party and all the people to work together for the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects.18. 民族区域自治制度system of regional ethnic autonomy

例句：必须坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，确保党中央政令畅通，确保国家法律法规实施，支持各民族发展经济、改善民生，实现共同发展、共同富裕。

译文：We must uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, ensure the effective implementation of the Central Committee’s policies and decisions, and of state laws and regulations, and support ethnic groups in their economic development and all-round improvement towards common prosperity.19. 坚持我国宗教中国化方向Religions in China should conform to China’s realities.

例句：要全面贯彻新时代党的宗教工作理论，全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，全面贯彻党的宗教信仰自由政策，坚持我国宗教中国化方向，积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应，提高宗教界自我管理水平，提高宗教事务治理法治化水平，努力开创宗教工作新局面。

译文：We should fully implement the Party’s theory on religious affairs in the new era, and its basic policies on religious affairs and freedom of religious belief. Religions in China should conform to China’s realities, and we should guide religions to be compatible with socialist society. We should help religious groups strengthen their self-management. We should improve the law-based management of religious affairs, and bring about new advances in our religious work.20. 独立自主自办原则principle of religious groups managing their own affairs independently

例句：要完整、准确、全面贯彻党的宗教信仰自由政策，尊重群众宗教信仰，依法管理宗教事务，坚持独立自主自办原则，积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应。

译文：We should fully, accurately and faithfully implement the Party’s policy on freedom of religious belief, respect people’s religious beliefs, manage religious affairs in accordance with the law, adhere to the principle of religious groups managing their own affairs independently, and see to it that religion is compatible with socialist society.

金句表述

1. 民主是全人类的共同价值，是中国共产党和中国人民始终不渝坚持的重要理念。Democracy is a shared human value and an ideal that has always been cherished by the CPC and the Chinese people.

2. 民主不是装饰品，不是用来做摆设的，而是要用来解决人民需要解决的问题的。Democracy is not an ornament to be put on display, but an instrument for addressing the issues that concern the people.

3. 一个国家是不是民主，应该由这个国家的人民来评判，而不应该由外部少数人指手画脚来评判。Whether a country is democratic should be judged by its own people, not by a handful of meddlesome outsiders.

4. 民主是各国人民的权利，而不是少数国家的专利。Democracy is the right of the people of all countries, not the prerogative of a few nations.

5. 实现民主有多种方式，不可能千篇一律。There is no uniform or single model of democracy; it comes in many forms.

6. 用单一的标尺衡量世界丰富多彩的政治制度，用单调的眼光审视人类五彩缤纷的政治文明，本身就是不民主的。It is undemocratic in itself to measure the world’s diverse political systems against a single criterion, or to view the colorful political civilizations of humanity from a single perspective.

7. 如果人民只有在投票时被唤醒、投票后就进入休眠期，只有竞选时聆听天花乱坠的口号、竞选后就毫无发言权，只有拉票时受宠、选举后就被冷落，这样的民主不是真正的民主。If the people are only addressed in order to solicit votes and then are left out in the cold, if they must listen to grandiose election slogans but have no voice when the elections are over, or if they are wooed by candidates during election campaigns only to be cast aside afterwards, this is not true democracy.

8. 人民代表大会制度之所以具有强大生命力和显著优越性，关键在于深深植根于人民之中。The key to the great vitality and strengths of the people’s congress system lies in the fact that it is deeply rooted in the people.

9. 为政之要，以顺民心为本。Conforming to the will of the people is the key to governance.

10. 法者，国之权衡也，时之准绳也。Law is the scale of a state and the ethical benchmark for a society.

11. 立善法于天下，则天下治；立善法于一国，则一国治。If good laws are established under Heaven, then there will be order under Heaven; if good laws are established in a state, then there will be order in that state.

12. 法非从天下，非从地出，发于人间，合乎人心而已。The law does not fall from the sky or grow from the earth; it manifests from among the people and reflects their will.13. 尊重和保障人权是中国共产党人的不懈追求。Respecting and protecting human rights is an ongoing quest of China’s Communists.14. 生存是享有一切人权的基础，人民幸福生活是最大的人权。Subsistence is the foundation of all human rights. Living a life of contentment is the ultimate human right.15. 人权是历史的、具体的、现实的，不能脱离不同国家的社会政治条件和历史文化传统空谈人权。Human rights are concrete, rooted in history, and based on current realities. We cannot mouth empty words on human rights regardless of the social and political conditions and the historical and cultural traditions of a country.16. 中华文化是主干，各民族文化是枝叶，根深干壮才能枝繁叶茂。Chinese culture is like the trunk of a tree, while individual ethnic cultures are branches and leaves; only when the roots are deep and the trunk is strong can the branches and leaves grow well.

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供稿：当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院、外文出版社

编辑：吴泽权

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