每周分子 | Molecule of the Week

Original ACS 美国化学会 ACS美国化学会 2022-07-01

收录于合集 #每周分子 110个

点击上方， 订阅话题 ，不错过每周分子！

每周分子：丁酸钠

Molecule of the Week:

Sodium butyrate

丁酸钠是一种丁酸盐。如果接触到哪怕一点水分，丁酸钠就会散发出一种难闻的共轭酸的微弱气味。

有人声称丁酸根离子(以及类似的丙酸根离子)可以增强人类和许多其他动物的肠道健康。但您不必将其作为补充剂服用。肠道中的细菌能够利用膳食纤维(尤其是豆类和坚果中的纤维)生成丁酸盐。

最近的两份报告报道了丁酸盐的益处。美国爱荷华州立大学(Ames)的Yanfen Bai和Thomas J. Mansell在报告中写道: “短链脂肪酸[阴离子]丁酸盐在人类肠道健康中发挥着重要作用，包括影响免疫调节、细胞分化和凋亡，它同时也是结肠细胞的首选碳源。” 为了研究丁酸盐在治疗上的应用，研究人员开发了一种能够响应细胞内丁酸盐浓度的高通量生物传感器。

在另一篇报道中，瑞士伯尔尼大学的Sanne Verhoog和在瑞士、土耳其、德国及美国的其他机构的合作者共同综述了29项关于饮食因素如何影响两种有益肠道细菌种群Akkermansia muciniphila(11项研究)和Faecalibacterium prausnitzii(25项研究)的研究。这些研究共涉及了1444名参与者。服用包括丁酸钠在内的几种物质，可增加A. muciniphila的丰度，而能产生丁酸的低发酵糖含量的饮食则降低了细菌的数量。(F. prausnitzii的例子中并未考虑丁酸盐。)

丁酸钠信息速览

CAS 登记号	156-54-7
SciFinder命名	Butanoic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
分子式	C₄H₇NaO₂
摩尔质量	110.09 g/mol
外观	白色晶体或粉末
熔点	250–253 °C
水溶性	0.5–100 g/L

丁酸钠危害信息

GHS*分类：急性毒性，口服，分类4
H302-吞食有害
GHS分类：皮肤腐蚀/刺激，分类1B
H314-引起严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤
GHS分类：严重眼损伤/眼刺激，分类1
H318-引起严重的眼损伤
GHS分类：特定目标器官毒性，单次接触，呼吸道刺激，分类3
H335-可引起呼吸道刺激
GHS分类：生殖细胞致突变性，分类2
H341-疑似导致基因缺陷
GHS分类：短期(急性)水生危害，分类3
H402-对水生生物有害

【关于每周分子】

自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的CAS SciFinderⁿ中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧。

Sodium butyrate—more properly sodium butanoate—is a salt of butyric (butanoic) acid. If it comes into contact with even a trace of moisture, it emits a faint odor of its foul-smelling conjugate acid.

The butyrate ion, along with the analogous propionate ion, is purported to enhance gut health in humans and many other animal species. But you don’t have to take it as a supplement. Bacteria in the gut produce butyrate from dietary fiber, especially the fiber from legumes and nuts.

Two recent reports illustrate the benefits of butyrate. Yanfen Bai and Thomas J. Mansell* at Iowa State University (Ames) wrote, “The short-chain fatty acid [anion] butyrate plays critical roles in human gut health, affecting immunomodulation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, while also serving as the preferred carbon source for colon cells.” To assist in studies of butyrate for therapeutic applications, the researchers developed a high-throughput biosensor that responds to intracellular concentrations.

In another account, Sanne Verhoog at the University of Bern (Switzerland) and collaborators there and at other institutions in Switzerland, Turkey, Germany, and the United States reviewed 29 studies about how dietary factors influence the populations of two beneficial gut bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila (11 studies) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (25 studies). The studies involved a total of 1444 participants. Supplementation with several substances, including sodium butyrate, increased the abundance of A. muciniphila, whereas diets low in fermentable saccharides that produce butyrate lowered the quantity of the bacterium. (Butyrate was not considered in the case of F. prausnitzii.)

Sodium butyratefast facts

CAS Reg. No.	156-54-7
SciFinder nomenclature	Butanoic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
Empirical formula	C₄H₇NaO₂
Molar mass	110.09 g/mol
Appearance	White crystals or powder
Melting point	250–253°C
Water solubility	0.5–100 g/L

Sodium butyrate hazard information

Acute toxicity, oral, category 4
H302-Harmful if swallowed
Skin corrosion/irritation, category 1B
H314-Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
Serious eye damage/eye irritation, category 1
H318-Causes serious eye damage
Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure, respiratory tract irritation, category 3
H335-May cause respiratory irritation
Germ cell mutagenicity, category 2
H341-Suspected of causing genetic defects
Short-term (acute) aquatic hazard, category 3
H402-Harmful to aquatic life

About Molecule of the Week

MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using CAS SciFinderⁿ. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.

往期回顾：

每周分子Molecule of the Week：亚硒酸钠

每周分子Molecule of the Week：二甲基亚砜

每周分子Molecule of the Week：闭式-二碳十二硼烷

每周分子Molecule of the Week：氟伏沙明

每周分子Molecule of the Week：四氟铍酸铵

每周分子Molecule of the Week：氯甲烷

每周分子Molecule of the Week：三硒化锑

每周分子Molecule of the Week：D-阿洛酮糖

每周分子Molecule of the Week：十二硼酸铯

每周分子Molecule of the Week：松萝酸

每周分子Molecule of the Week：五氯苯酚