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阅读超级秘诀“折斩&哇斩”真题解析(2010年英语(一)Text 4)(2018升级版)
声明：本文原创，侵权盗用必依法追究到底。
真题示例：2010年英语(一)Text 4
注#1：关于“折斩”与“哇斩”的具体介绍请回复数字1查阅。
注#2：文章中红色字体是转折句。
[第1段]：Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. ①These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.
第36题(标注红色的选项是答案)
Bankers complained that they were forced to
[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules(遵循不利的资产评估准则)(哇斩：题干中“complained”表述负面，A中“unfavorable”表述负面，只有A与题干在感情色彩上表述一致，所以答案选A。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[B] collect payments from third parties(从第三方收款)
[C] cooperate with the price managers(与价格管理者合作)
[D] re-evaluate some of their assets(对自己的部分资产重新估价)
[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第1段(见蓝色字体)，该段中有转折句①(前后强对比)。根据①强调的内容，很容易选出A是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)
[第2段]：Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, ②but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.
[第3段]：After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." ③Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobbying group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."
第37题(标注红色的选项是答案)
According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in
[A] the diminishing role of management(管理层作用的削弱)
[B] the revival of the banking system(银行系统的复苏)
[C] the banks' long-term asset losses(银行的长期资产损失)
[D] the weakening of its independence(其独立性的弱化)(哇斩：A中“diminishing”与D中“weakening”意思相近。根据命题规律，答案往往隐藏于具有相似特征的不易区分的选项中，所以答案在AD中选。而D的表述明显具有抽象性，所以答案选D。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第3段(见蓝色字体)，该段中有转折句③。但是③的内容与四个选项都无关，据此找不出答案，此时，再看距第3段最近的转折句，它们是转折句②和④。只有②的内容与选项D表述一致，所以答案选D。(微信号：kaoyanx)
[第4段]：European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, ④but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did ⑤"not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.
第38题(标注红色的选项是答案)
According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to
[A] keep away from political influences(远离政治影响)
[B] evade the pressure from their peers(规避同行压力)
[C] act on their own in rule-setting(独自制定规则)(哇斩：在这五道题的题干中，表述实质意义的关键词是第37题题干中的“rule changes”和第40题题干中的“standard-setters”(“rule”和“standard”表述同义，都是“准则”的意思)，它们是主旨相关词。其中，“standard-setters”与C中“rule-setting”表述相近，所以C与主旨最接近，答案选C。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[D] take gradual measures in reform(逐步进行改革)
[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第4段，该段中有转折句④和⑤。因为题干关键词McCreevy出现在第4段的后半部分，所以应锁定转折句⑤进行分析。⑤中but后面的develop different rules正是选项C对应的内容，所以答案选C。(微信号：kaoyanx)
[第5段]：It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because ⑥they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.The truth will not be known for years. ⑦But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.
第39题(标注红色的选项是答案)
The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they
[A] misinterpreted market price indicators(误解了市场价格指标的意义)
[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets(夸大了自身资产的真正价值)(哇斩：B中“exaggerated”与C中“neglected”意思相反，答案在BC中选。BD的表述对象都是“assets”，答案在BD中选。所以，答案只能是B。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts(忽视了坏账存在的可能性)
[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets(否认资产出售的账面损失)
[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第5段，该段中有转折句⑥和⑦。⑦说的是“交易价格低于账面价格”，说明账面价格过高，高于真正价值，这与选项B表述一致，所以答案选B。(微信号：kaoyanx)
[第6段]：To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. ⑧But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.
第40题(标注红色的选项是答案)
The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of
[A] satisfaction(满意)(哇斩：satisfaction感情色彩过浓，通常不是答案)
[B] skepticism(怀疑)(哇斩：如果是针对全文中局部内容的怀疑，通常是答案；如果是针对全文的怀疑，通常不是答案。根据第38题哇斩解析，standard-setters是主旨相关词，是针对全文，所以B不是答案)
[C] objectiveness(客观)
[D] sympathy(同情)(哇斩：在态度题中，sympathy当选的可能性较大，比objectiveness大，再参考选项AB解析，排除AB，答案优先选D。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[折斩]：参照魔图。此题是态度题，可以通过综合所有的转折句进行判断。在全部8个转折句中，表述对象是standard-setters的转折句有②④⑧，它们都表达了对standard-setters的同情(②是说他们的独立性受到威胁，④和⑧是说他们承受的压力巨大)，所以答案选D。(微信号：kaoyanx)
至此，全部5道题都可“只看转折句”和“哇斩”选出答案。
掌握了“折斩”和“哇斩”绝技，你绝对是超级考霸！
往期大汇总：
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考研作文高分替换词库(完整版)
/傻词：think(是最恶心的词汇)——靓词：assume, argue, emphasize, insist, when it comes to me, for my part, as for me, in my point of view, as far as I am concerned, from my own perspective
/傻词：important——靓词：vital, significant, critical, crucial, play a decisive role, be of utmost importance, indispensable(推荐)(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：human beings——靓词：mankind, human race, humanity(注：其复数humanities表示“人文学科”)(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：person——靓词：individual
/傻词：people——靓词：individuals, characters, folks
/傻词：famous people——靓词：celebrity
/傻词：famous——靓词：prestigious, distinguished, enjoy a reputation of(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：many——靓词：innumerable, countless, a great/large number of, an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of
/傻词：many kinds of——靓词：various kinds of, all sorts of, diverse kinds of, a variety of, a wide range of(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：some——靓词：a slice of, quite a few
/傻词：most——靓词：the vast majority of, a large percent of(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：help(动词)——靓词：assist
/傻词：help(名词)——靓词：assistance
/傻词：helpful——靓词：beneficial, rewarding
/傻词：problem——靓词：issue, case, trouble, headache(令人头痛的问题), dilemma(两难境地), crisis, disaster(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：necessary——靓词：indispensable(不可缺少的)
/傻词：cause——靓词：give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger, contribute to
/傻词：want to——靓词：desire to, be willing to, intend to(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：pay attention to——靓词：devote much attention to, attach importance to, put stress on, give weight to, place emphasis on,
/傻词：due attention has to be paid to——靓词：importance should be attached to, weight should be given to, greant attention ought to be devoted to
/傻词：influence——靓词：have a far-reaching impact on, exert an overwhelming(势不可挡的) influence on(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：to(表目的)——靓词：with a view to do, with an aim to do,with a goal to do, for the purpose of doing, for the sake of doing
/傻词：show——靓词：describe, depict(描述), indicate, demonstrate, reflect(这些词常用于描述图画)(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：picture——靓词：cartoon, illustration, drawing
/傻词：thing——靓词：affair, business, matter
/傻词：more and more——靓词：increasing(ly), growing
/傻词：about——靓词：regarding, concerning
/傻词：customer——靓词：shopper, client, consumer, purchaser
/傻词：sb. be interested in——靓词：sth. appeals to sb., sth. exerts a tremendous fascination on sb.(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：dangerous——靓词：perilous, hazardous(注：评价某种社会现象是“不好的,有害的”时可用hazardous)
/傻词：harm——靓词：do harm to(有害于), do more harm than good(弊大于利), damage, destroy, undermine(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：harmful——靓词：detrimental(有害的)
/傻词：be harmful to——靓词：pose a threat to
/傻词：good——靓词：positive, favorable(有利的), rosy(美好的), promising(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable(令人愉快的), excellent, outstanding, superior(优秀的), wholesome(健康的,有益的)(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：bad——靓词：dreadful(糟糕的), unfavorable(不利的), poor, adverse(相反的), ill(有害的), frightful(可怕的), discouraging(令人沮丧的), depressing(注：如果bad作表语，可以用be less impressive替换)
/傻词：poor——靓词：underdeveloped, financially-challenged
/傻词：because of——靓词：owing to, due to, as a result of, on account of, (be) responsible for, spell(导致,招致)(例(2005英语一Text4)：But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music)(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：remember——靓词：bear in mind that, keep in mind
/傻词：obviously——靓词：evidently, apparently, undoubtedly
/傻词：measure——靓词：action, step, counter-measure, program
/傻词：way(方法)——靓词：approach, method
/傻词：only in this way——靓词：only by doing so, only by this means, It is in this way that...(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：only——靓词：unique(独特的), distinctive(与众不同的), merely, barely, singly, solely, rarely
/傻词：I believe——靓词：I insist, I maintain, I am convinced that...
/傻词：get——靓词：obtain, acquire(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：solve——靓词：settle, tackle, overcome, conquer
/傻词：difficult——靓词：tough, hard, complicated, confusing, arduous(费力的), formidable(艰难的)(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：a little——靓词：a bit
/傻词：these——靓词：the following
/傻词：enough——靓词：abundant, adequate, sufficient
/傻词：now——靓词：currently, nowadays
/傻词：car——靓词：automobile(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：wealth——靓词：fortune(s)
/傻词：wealthy——靓词：affluent
/傻词：difference——靓词：distinction
/傻词：be different from——靓词：be distinct from
/傻词：friends——靓词：companions
/傻词：failure——靓词：setback
/傻词：as a result——靓词：as a consequence
/傻词：huge——靓词：enormous(庞大的——数量), massive(大量的——物体形状), vast(广阔的——空间)(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：too much——靓词：excessive(过量大), rampant(泛滥的), immoderate(moderate适度的)
/傻词：very——靓词：overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely
/傻词：always——靓词：invariably, frequently, consistently, more often than not
/傻词：quite——靓词：fairly(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：choice——靓词：option
/傻词：try to do——靓词：attempt to do
/傻词：try hard to do(努力去做)——靓词：make a pains-taking efforts to do
/傻词：do one's best to do(尽最大努力去做)——靓词：commit oneself to doing, strive to do, do one's utmost to do, spare no effort to do(不遗余力地去做)(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：mainly——靓词：primarily, pincipally, chiefly
/傻词：can——靓词：have the ability to
/傻词：improve——靓词：boost(促进), enhance(加强)
/傻词：meaning——靓词：implication(该词表示“寓意”，最好用在第一段用来阐述图画的寓意)(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：basic——靓词：fundamental
/傻词：happy——靓词：happily, happiness, make sb. happy——此处是变换词性(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：law——靓词：regulation, legislation(立法,法律)
/傻词：get rid of——靓词：eliminate(消除), remove, abolish(废除)
/傻词：prepare for——靓词：pave the way for, lay the groundwork(根基) for, lay a solid foundation for(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：possible——靓词：be likely to
/傻词：impossible——靓词：be unlikely to
/傻词：precious——靓词：worthwhile, priceless
/傻词：ignore——靓词：turn a blind eye to, lose sight of, overlook, neglect
/傻词：be related to——靓词：be connected with, be associated with, be linked with(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：purpose——靓词：aim, goal, intention, object
/傻词：it is high time(该是做...的时候了)——靓词：it is imperative(紧急的) for us to do, it is about time that we +V-过去式...(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：bright——靓词：brilliant(光辉的,明亮的), splendid(灿烂的), promising
/傻词：like(喜欢)——靓词：enjoy, prefer, love, be fascinated with
/傻词：decide——靓词：be determine to(下定决心), make up one's mind
/傻词：before——靓词：prior to
/傻词：build——靓词：erect, establish
/傻词：cold——靓词：chilly, icy
/傻词：hot——靓词：boiling(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：don't——靓词：fail to
/傻词：almost——靓词：virtually
/傻词：clearly——靓词：conspicuously
/傻词：and——靓词：plus, as well as, along with, in addition, bonus, with...
/傻词：without——靓词：excluding
/傻词：actually——靓词：as a matter of fact, indeed, in point of fact, in reality, in truth, literally,truly(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：firstly——靓词：previously, beforehand, foremost, initially, originally, formerly, principally, mainly, essentially, basically, commonly, universally, on the whole, fundamentally, to begin with, to start with, first of all, at the outset(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：then——靓词：subsequently, afterward, thereafter, after that, succeeding, secondarily, what is more, furthermore(微信号：kaoyanx)
/傻词：lastly——靓词：ultimately, eventually, in conclusion, to conclude, as a final point, last of all, last but not least, finally
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