「Part 3」2022政府工作报告中英文对照注释版
三是深化改革扩大开放，持续改善营商环境。
3. We deepened reform, expanded opening up, and continued to improve the business environment.
注：
深化改革
deepen reform
扩大开放
expand opening up
营商环境
the business environment
加强市场体系基础制度建设，
We worked harder to develop the underlying institutions for a market system,
注：
加强
work harder to ...
市场体系基础制度
the underlying institutions for a market system
推进要素市场化配置等改革。
and pushed forward reforms to ensure production factors are allocated by the market.
注：
（生产）要素
production factors
市场化配置-->通过市场来分配/配置
be allocated by the market / the market-based allocation
推进改革
push forward reforms / advance reforms
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：推进要素市场化配置改革，强化竞争政策基础地位。carry out reforms to promote the market-based allocation of production factors, and reinforce the foundational role of competition policies.
2020年报告：推进要素市场化配置改革。We will advance reforms to promote market-based allocation of production factors.
2018年报告Part 4：推进供给侧结构性改革，必须破除要素市场化配置障碍，降低制度性交易成本。Advancing supply-side structural reform demands removing barriers to market based allocation of the factors of production and reducing government-imposed transaction costs.
2018年报告Part 14：完善产权制度和要素市场化配置机制。We will improve property rights systems and mechanisms for market-based allocation of the factors of production.
继续压减涉企审批手续和办理时限，
We continued to reduce the number of procedures and length of time it takes for enterprises to gain government approval.
注：
手续和（办理）时限
procedures and length of time
审批-->获得（政府）同意
to gain government approval
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：1）以简审批优服务便利投资兴业。We will cut government approvals and improve services to create a favorable environment for investment and business startups.
2）审批事项应减尽减， Every requirement for government approval that should be canceled will be canceled.
3）让企业多用时间跑市场、少费功夫跑审批。This will leave companies to spend more time doing business and less time chasing approvals.
更多政务服务事项实现一网通办。
More government services were made available online.
注：
政务服务（事项）
government services
一网通办
be (made) available online
📍LR个人认为这里一网通办处理得不是特别合理，一网通办强调的应该是“一网”（如2020年报告提到的via a single website），而不单单是“网”（online），一网应该指的是各个政务部门的信息系统都整合到一个办事系统、办事平台上，比如统一的在线政务服务平台，而不是办这个业务用这个平台，办另一个业务又用另一平台。
📍据百度百科，“一网通办”，进一张网办全部事。指打通不同部门的信息系统，群众只需操作一个办事系统，就能办成不同领域的事项，解决办不完的手续、盖不完的章、跑不完的路这些“关键小事”。
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：推动更多服务事项一网通办，做到企业开办全程网上办理。We will work to see our people are able to access more government services via a single website and complete all procedures for starting a business online.
2019年报告：加快实现一网通办、异地可办，and work faster to make it possible for such services to be accessed via one website and processed remotely,
推广一批地方改革经验，
A package of successful practices in local reform were applied nationwide,
注：
地方改革（成功）经验
successful practices in local reform
推广（到全国）
be applied nationwide
开展营商环境创新试点。
and trials were conducted to improve the business environment.
注：
开展试点
trials were conducted / conduct trials
📍营商环境“创新”这里直接被处理为improve，优化/改善/提高。
加强和创新监管，反垄断和防止资本无序扩张，维护公平竞争。
We bolstered regulation and adopted new regulatory approaches, took action against business monopolies, and prevented the unregulated expansion of capital, thus ensuring fair market competition.
注：
加强监管
bolster regulation
（采取措施）反垄断
take action against business monopolies
资本无序扩张
the unregulated expansion of capital
公平（市场）竞争
fair market competition
📍bolster /ˈbəʊlstə(r)/ 表示“支持，改善，加强”（to improve sth or make it stronger）如：bolster sb's confidence/courage/morale 增加某人的信心/勇气/士气，举个🌰：
More money is needed to bolster the industry.
需要更多的资金来提振这个产业。
📍又来一个“创新”，“创新（监管）”处理为采取新的（监管）方法：adopt new regulatory approaches.
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：强化反垄断和防止资本无序扩张，We will step up efforts against business monopolies and guard against unregulated expansion of capital,
深入实施国企改革三年行动。支持民营企业健康发展。
We continued implementation of the three-year action plan for SOE reform and supported the healthy development of private businesses.
注：
国企改革三年行动
the three-year action plan for SOE reform
国企
state-owned enterprises (SOE)
民营企业
private businesses
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：出台国企改革三年行动方案。支持民营企业发展。We adopted a three-year action plan for SOE reform and supported the development of private businesses.
2021年报告：深入实施国企改革三年行动， We will continue to implement the three-year action plan for SOE reform,
基本完成行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革。
The reform to delink industry associations and chambers of commerce from government was basically completed.
注：
行业协会
industry associations
商会
chambers of commerce
A与B脱钩（脱离联系）
delink A from B
📍行政机关是指依法行使国家权力、执行国家行政职能的机关。从广义上讲，行政机关是一级政府机关的总称，即国家政权组织中执行国家法律，从事国家政务、机关内部事务和社会公共事务管理的政府机关及其工作部门。
设立北京证券交易所和广州期货交易所。
The Beijing Stock Exchange and Guangzhou Futures Exchange were opened.
注：
北京证券交易所
Beijing Stock Exchange
广州期货交易所
Guangzhou Futures Exchange
📍futures 熟词僻义，复数，表示“期货；期货交易”（agreements for the buying and selling of goods, in which the price is agreed before a particular future time at which the goods will be provided）如：the futures market 期货市场。
稳步推进农业农村、社会事业、生态文明等领域改革。
Solid strides were made in reforms in agriculture, rural development, social programs, and ecological conservation.
注：
稳步推进
make solid strides in ...
社会事业
social programs
生态文明
ecological conservation
深化共建“一带一路”务实合作。
We deepened practical cooperation to jointly advance the Belt and Road Initiative.
注：
“一带一路”
the Belt and Road Initiative
务实
practical
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：坚持实事求是，求真务实谋发展、惠民生。We must take a fact-based approach, and pursue development and improve people's lives in a realistic and pragmatic way.
2019年报告：各级政府及其工作人员要求真务实、力戒浮华， All levels and employees of government should be down to earth and practical and eschew doing things for show.
2016年报告：pragmatic cooperation with neighboring countries was strengthened; 同周边国家务实合作深入推进，
📍pragmatic /præɡˈmæt̬.ɪk/ 表示“实用的；讲求实效的；务实的”（solving problems in a practical and sensible way rather than by having fixed ideas or theories）如：a pragmatic approach to management problems 对管理问题采取的务实做法。
加大稳外贸稳外资力度，
Efforts to ensure stable performance in foreign trade and investment were intensified.
注：
外贸外资
foreign trade and investment
加大...力度
intensify efforts to ...
成功举办进博会、广交会、服贸会及首届消博会等重大展会。
We successfully hosted a number of major expos, including the China International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, and the first China International Consumer Products Expo.
注：
重大展会
major expos / major trade events
进博会（中国国际进口博览会）
the China International Import Expo
广交会（中国进出口商品交易会）
the China Import and Export Fair
服贸会（中国国际服务贸易交易会）
the China International Fair for Trade in Services
首届中国国际消费品博览会
the first China International Consumer Products Expo
📍博览会 Expo，交易会 Fair
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：办好进博会、广交会、服贸会及首届中国国际消费品博览会等重大展会。and good preparations will be made for holding major trade events such as the China International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, and the first China International Consumer Products Expo.
新增4个服务业扩大开放综合试点，
Comprehensive trials for further opening up of the services sector were expanded to four more areas,
注：
综合试点
comprehensive trials
服务业
the services sector
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：推动服务业有序开放，增设服务业扩大开放综合试点， We will open the service sector in a well-regulated way, launch more comprehensive trials on its opening,
推出海南自由贸易港开放新举措。
and new measures for developing the Hainan Free Trade Port were adopted.
注：
海南自由贸易港
the Hainan Free Trade Port
四是强化创新引领，稳定产业链供应链。
4. We promoted innovation-driven development and stabilized industrial and supply chains.
注：
创新引领（发展）
innovation-driven development
产业链供应链
industrial and supply chains
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：以创新驱动、高质量供给引领和创造新需求。and generate new demand with innovation-driven development and high-quality supply.
2019年报告：坚持创新引领发展，培育壮大新动能。We will continue to pursue innovation-driven development and foster new growth drivers.
2018年报告：坚持创新引领发展，着力激发社会创造力，with a commitment to innovation-driven development, and a focus on unlocking public creativity,
加强国家实验室建设，推进重大科技项目实施。
We boosted the development of national laboratories and promoted implementation of major science and technology programs.
注：
加强...建设
boost the development of ...
国家实验室
national laboratories
重大科技项目
major science and technology programs
改革完善中央财政科研经费管理，
We reformed and refined the management of central government funding for scientific and technological research,
注：
中央财政经费管理
the management of central government funding
科研
scientific and technological research
📍refine表示“改进；完善；使精炼”，英文解释为“to improve an idea, method, system, etc. by making small changes”举个🌰：
LR spent many months refining the software.
LR花了数月来完善这个软件。
提高间接费用比例，
increased the proportion of indirect expenses for research projects,
注：
间接费用比例
the proportion of indirect expenses (for research projects)
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：进一步提高基础研究项目间接经费占比，We will further increase the proportion of indirect funding for basic research projects,
📍间接费用是指依托单位在组织实施项目过程中发生的无法在直接费用中列支的相关费用，主要用于补偿依托单位为了项目研究提供的现有仪器设备及房屋，水、电、气、暖消耗，有关管理费用，以及绩效支出等。
扩大科研自主权。
and gave institutes more decision-making power over their research.
注：
（扩大sb.）自主权
(give sb. more) decision-making power
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：落实扩大经费使用自主权政策， Research institutes will have more say about how funds should be used,
2020年报告Part 15：赋予自贸试验区更大改革开放自主权，We will grant greater autonomy in reform and opening up to pilot free trade zones,
2020年报告Part 10：赋予省级政府建设用地更大自主权。Provincial-level government will be given more power to approve land use for construction projects.
2018年报告：扩大科研机构和高校科研自主权，Research institutes and universities now have greater say over their research;
延续实施研发费用加计扣除政策，将制造业企业研发费用加计扣除比例提高到100%。
We continued the additional tax deduction for R&D expenses and increased this deduction to cover 100 percent of such expenses for manufacturing enterprises.
注：
研发费用
R&D expenses
加计扣除 （减税措施）
the additional tax deduction
制造业企业
manufacturing enterprises
📍加计扣除是指按照税法规定，在实际发生数额的基础上，再加成一定比例，作为计算应纳税所得额时的扣除数额的一种税收优惠措施。例如，税法规定研发费用可实行150%加计扣除政策，如果企业当年开发新产品研发费用实际支出为100元，就可按150元（100×150%）在税前进行扣除，以鼓励企业加大研发投入。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：延续执行企业研发费用加计扣除75%政策，将制造业企业加计扣除比例提高到100%， We will continue to implement the policy of granting an extra tax deduction of 75 percent on enterprises' R&D costs, and we will raise this to 100 percent for manufacturing enterprises.
2020年报告：要坚决把减税降费政策落到企业，All tax and fee reduction policies must be fully implemented for our businesses,
2019年报告：将提高研发费用加计扣除比例政策扩大至所有企业。and extended the policy on raising the proportion of additional tax-deductible R&D costs to cover all enterprises.
2017年报告：科技型中小企业研发费用加计扣除比例由50%提高到75%，For small and medium high-tech enterprises, the proportion of R&D expenses that are tax deductible is to be raised from 50 to 75 percent.
强化知识产权保护。
Intellectual property right protection was strengthened.
注：
知识产权
intellectual property right
开展重点产业强链补链行动。
Weak links in the industrial chains of key industries were reinforced and upgraded.
注：
重点产业
key industries
薄弱环节
weak links
链补链-->强化、提升（补齐短板）产业链中的薄弱环节
reinforce and upgrade weak links in the industrial chains
传统产业数字化智能化改造加快，
Digital and smart technologies were adopted in traditional industries at a faster rate,
注：
传统产业
traditional industries
数字化智能化改造-->采用数字化智能化技术
adopt digital and smart technologies
加快-->以更快的速度
at a faster rate
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：推动产业数字化智能化改造， More was done to upgrade the industrial sector with digital and smart technologies;
本系列笔记首发自
微信公众号：LearnAndRecord
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新兴产业保持良好发展势头。
and emerging industries maintained good momentum for development.
注：
新兴产业
emerging industries
保持良好势头
maintain good momentum
📍momentum /məˈmentəm/ 作名词，表示“推进力；动力；势头”（the ability to keep increasing or developing） 如：增强/减弱/保持势头 gain/lose/maintain momentum.
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：战略性新兴产业保持快速发展势头。and strategic emerging industries maintained rapid development.
五是推动城乡区域协调发展，不断优化经济布局。
5. We promoted coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between regions and improved the structure of the economy.
注：
城乡区域协调发展
coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between regions
经济布局
the structure of the economy
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：六是推进新型城镇化和乡村振兴，城乡区域发展格局不断优化。6. We advanced new urbanization and rural revitalization and improved the layout of urban-rural development and development among regions.
2019年报告Part 4：六是统筹城乡区域发展，良性互动格局加快形成。Sixth, we pursued balanced development across rural and urban areas and regions and sped up the formation of a pattern of positive interplay.
2019年报告Part 16：推动区域优势互补、城乡融合发展。enable regions to complement each other with their respective strengths, and promote integrated urban-rural development. (From: LearnAndRecord)
落实区域重大战略和区域协调发展战略，出台新的支持举措，实施一批重大项目。
To ensure implementation of all major regional development strategies and the strategy for coordinated regional development, we rolled out new supporting measures and launched several major projects.
注：
区域（发展）重大战略
major regional development strategies
区域协调发展战略
the strategy for coordinated regional development
支持举措
supporting measures
一批重大项目
several major projects
推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设。
Urbanization with the focus on county seats was promoted.
注：
以...为重要载体
with the focus on ...
📍county seat（美式）/ county town（英式）表示“（英国）郡首府，郡政府所在地；（美国）县首府，县政府所在地”（the most important town or city in a county, especially the one where the local government is based）举个🌰：
Cambridge is the county town of Cambridgeshire.
剑桥是剑桥郡的首府。
加强农业生产，保障农资供应，对种粮农民一次性发放200亿元补贴。
To help bolster agricultural production, we ensured agricultural supplies and issued one-time subsidies totaling 20 billion yuan to grain growers.
注：
农业生产
agricultural production
农资供应
agricultural supplies
一次性补贴
one-time subsidies
种粮农民
grain growers
推动乡村振兴，确定160个国家乡村振兴重点帮扶县。
We advanced rural revitalization and designated 160 key counties to receive assistance in pursuing rural revitalization.
注：
乡村振兴
rural revitalization
（国家）乡村振兴重点帮扶县
key counties to receive assistance in pursuing rural revitalization
📍designate表示“指定，选定；委派”（When you designate someone as something, you formally choose them to do that particular job）举个🌰：Designate someone as the spokesperson.
指派某人为发言人。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：在西部地区脱贫县中集中支持一批乡村振兴重点帮扶县。A number of counties lifted out of poverty in western China will be designated as key counties for receiving assistance for rural revitalization.
实施农村人居环境整治提升五年行动。
A five-year program to improve the rural living environment also got under way.
注：
农村人居环境
the rural living environment
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：乡村建设稳步展开，农村人居环境整治成效明显。We took solid steps in advancing rural development, and markedly improved rural living environments.
2021年报告：启动农村人居环境整治提升五年行动。A five-year program to improve the rural living environment will be launched,
2019年报告：因地制宜开展农村人居环境整治，We will work to improve rural living environments in light of local conditions,
六是加强生态环境保护，促进可持续发展。
6. We strengthened environmental protection and promoted sustainable development.
注：
加强（生态）环境保护
strengthen environmental protection
可持续发展
sustainable development
巩固蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战成果。
We consolidated our gains in keeping the skies blue, waters clear, and land pollution-free.
注：
巩固成果
consolidate (our) gains
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 2：继续打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战，We continued working to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands pollution-free,
2021年报告Part 16：巩固蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战成果，consolidate the gains in our endeavors to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands pollution-free,
2019年报告：全面开展蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。We launched an all-out fight to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free. (From: LearnAndRecord)
推动化肥农药减量增效和畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用。
We encouraged farmers to use chemical fertilizer and pesticide more efficiently and promoted the recycling of livestock and poultry waste.
注：
化肥
chemical fertilizer
农药
pesticide
...资源化利用
the recycling of
畜禽养殖废弃物
livestock and poultry waste
持续推进生态保护修复重大工程，
We continued major projects to protect and restore ecosystems,
注：
生态保护修复-->保护修复生态
protect and restore ecosystems
全面实施长江十年禁渔。
and fully enforced the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River.
注：
长江
the Yangtze River
十年禁渔
the ten-year fishing ban
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 16：落实长江十年禁渔，We will enforce a ten-year fishing ban in the waters of the Yangtze River,
可再生能源发电装机规模突破10亿千瓦。
China’s installed capacity of renewable power exceeded one billion kilowatts.
注：
装机规模（装机容量）
installed capacity
千瓦（单位：kW）
kilowatt
📍装机容量，全称“发电厂装机容量”，亦称“电站容量”。指火电厂或水电站中所装有 的全部汽轮或水力发电机组额定功率的总和。是表征一座火电厂或水电站建设规模和电力生产能力的主要指标之一。
出台碳达峰行动方案。
An action plan for peaking carbon emissions by 2030 was unveiled.
注：
碳达峰（达到二氧化碳排放峰值）
peaking carbon emissions / achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions
📍碳达峰，就是指在某一个时点，二氧化碳的排放不再增长达到峰值，之后逐步回落。中国承诺在2030年前，二氧化碳的排放不再增长，达到峰值之后再慢慢减下去。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 16：扎实做好碳达峰、碳中和各项工作。We will take solid steps toward the goals of achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.
启动全国碳排放权交易市场。
The China Carbon Emission Trade Exchange was launched.
注：
全国碳排放权交易市场
The China Carbon Emission Trade Exchange
积极应对气候变化。
We took active steps to respond to climate change.
注：
积极（做...）
take active steps to
气候变化
climate change
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