「Part 2」2022政府工作报告中英文对照注释版
回顾过去一年，成绩得来殊为不易。
Reflecting on the past year, we can see that our achievements did not come easily.
注：
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：一年来的工作殊为不易。Our work last year was truly challenging.
我国经济尚处在突发疫情等严重冲击后的恢复发展过程中，
While the economy continued to recover from major shocks including Covid-19,
注：
尚处...在恢复（发展）过程中-->继续/不断恢复
continue to recover
国内外形势又出现很多新变化，
many new changes occurred in and outside of China,
注：
国内外
in and outside of China
保持经济平稳运行难度加大。
and the difficulty of keeping the economy running stably mounted.
注：
保持经济平稳运行
keeping the economy running stably
📍mount作动词，表示“逐步增加；增长，上升”，就是increase的高级版，举个🌰：
The death toll continues to mount.
死亡人数持续增加。
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告：一是创新和完善宏观调控，经济保持平稳运行。First, we developed new ways to improve macro regulation and ensured a generally stable economic performance.
我们深入贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署，
In the face of such difficulty, we fully implemented the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,
注：
深入贯彻
fully implement
决策部署
the decisions and plans
以...为核心
with ... at its core
...同志
Comrade ...
党中央
the Party Central Committee / the CPC Central Committee
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：一年来，我们贯彻党中央决策部署，...，主要做了以下工作。Last year, we carried out the following work to implement the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee,
2019年报告：一年来，我们深入贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署， Over the past year, we fully implemented all major policies and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core.
贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神，
followed the guiding principles of the Central Economic Work Conference;
注：
中央经济工作会议
the Central Economic Work Conference
贯彻落实
follow
📍关于“......（会议）精神”，一般处理为“the guiding principles of...”
本系列笔记首发自
微信公众号：LearnAndRecord
禁止任何形式搬运、抄袭，侵权必究！
完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，
applied the new development philosophy in full, in the right way, and in all fields of endeavor;
注：
新发展理念
the new development philosophy
贯彻
apply / follow / implement
完整、准确、全面
in full, in the right way, and in all fields of endeavor
扎实做好“六稳”、“六保”工作，
took solid steps to ensure stability on six key fronts and security in six key areas,
注：
扎实做好...（工作）
take solid steps to ...
📍“六稳”分别是：稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期 The six fronts refer to employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations.
📍“六保”分别是：保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转。The six areas refer to job security, basic living needs, operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary-level governments.
注重宏观政策跨周期和逆周期调节，
and made cross- and counter-cyclical adjustments with macro policies.
注：
宏观政策
macro policies
跨周期和逆周期调节
(make) cross- and counter-cyclical adjustments
📍2020年7月中央政治局会议第一次提出“完善宏观调控跨周期设计和调节”，2021年7月政治局会议又提出“要做好宏观政策跨周期调节”。2021年中央经济工作会议再次提出“跨周期和逆周期宏观调控政策要有机结合。”
📍逆周期调节着眼当下的经济周期，跨周期调节着眼中长期的经济运行。
有效应对各种风险挑战，
We thus effectively dealt with all risks and challenges that arose.
注：
有效应对
effectively deal with ...
风险挑战
risks and challenges
主要做了以下工作。
Our main work over the past year was as follows.
注：
以下/如下
as follows
一是保持宏观政策连续性针对性，推动经济运行保持在合理区间。
1. We kept macro policy consistent and targeted and kept the major economic indicators within the appropriate range.
注：
保持...连续性针对性
keep ... consistent and targeted
经济运行保持在合理区间
keep the major economic indicators within the appropriate range
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：We will keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range,
2019年报告：The main economic indicators were kept within an appropriate range.
2018年报告：kept major indicators within an appropriate range.
2017年报告：thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.
2016年报告：The economy operated within an appropriate range.
2015年报告：“稳”的主要标志是，经济运行处于合理区间。The main indication of this stable performance is that the economy operated within an appropriate range.
宏观政策适应跨周期调节需要，保持对经济恢复必要支持力度，
Our macro policies facilitated cross-cyclical adjustments and sustained the level of support necessary for economic recovery.
注：
跨周期调节
cross-cyclical adjustments
支持力度
the level of support
适应...需要-->促进/使...便利
facilitate
📍facilitate /fəˈsɪl.ə.teɪt/表示“促进；促使；使便利”，英文解释为“to make something possible or easier”举个🌰：
The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs.
新坡道将方便轮椅进入。
📍下文“推动降低贷款利率”用的也是facilitate，to facilitate the reduction of loan interest rates；2021年报告中也有一句，“形成国民经济良性循环”用的是to facilitate favorable circulation in our economy.
📍 [对经济恢复必要]支持力度 the level of support [necessary for economic recovery] 后置定语修饰the level of support，也可以理解为 the level of support (that is) [necessary for economic recovery] 省略了(that is)的定语从句。
同时考虑为今年应对困难挑战预留政策空间。
We also took into account the need to leave ample policy space for meeting difficulties and challenges this year.
注：
考虑
take into account ...
预留政策空间
leave ample policy space
应对困难挑战
meet difficulties and challenges
建立常态化财政资金直达机制，将2.8万亿元中央财政资金纳入直达范围。
We established a regular mechanism to directly allocate budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments and placed 2.8 trillion yuan of central government funding under this mechanism.
注：
常态化财政资金直达机制
a regular mechanism to directly allocate budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments
中央财政资金
central government funding
📍资金直达机制指财政资金直达基层民生的特殊转移支付机制，是党中央、国务院为应对疫情影响作出的重大决策部署，是支持地方扎实做好“六稳”工作、落实“六保”任务的创新举措。
优化地方政府专项债券发行使用。
We also improved the way local governments issue and use special-purpose bonds.
注：
优化（...方式）
improve the way
专项债券
special-purpose bonds
有效实施稳健的货币政策，两次全面降准，推动降低贷款利率。
We implemented a prudent monetary policy to good effect and lowered required reserve ratios twice to facilitate the reduction of loan interest rates.
注：
有效实施
implement ... to good effect
稳健的货币政策
a prudent monetary policy
降准
lower required reserve ratios
贷款利率（的）降低
the reduction of loan interest rate
📍prudent表示“明智谨慎的，慎重的，审慎的”（sensible and careful, especially by trying to avoid unnecessary risks），如：a prudent decision/investment (by LearnAndRecord) 审慎的决定/投资。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：稳健的货币政策要灵活精准、合理适度。We will keep our prudent monetary policy flexible and targeted and at a reasonable and appropriate level.
2020年报告：稳健的货币政策要更加灵活适度。We will pursue a prudent monetary policy in a more flexible and appropriate way.
2019年报告：坚持实施稳健的货币政策，We maintained a prudent monetary policy
2018年报告：坚持实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.
2017年报告：今年要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，This year, we will continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.
📍降准是央行货币政策之一。央行降低法定存款准备金率（lower required reserve ratios），影响银行可贷资金数量从而增大信贷规模，提高货币供应量，释放流动性，刺激经济增长。
有序推进地方政府债务风险防范化解，稳妥处置重大金融风险事件。
We took well-considered steps to defuse local government debt risks and dealt prudently with major financial risks.
注：
有序推进
take well-considered steps to
地方政府债务风险
local government debt risks
重大金融风险（事件）
major financial risks
稳妥处置
deal prudently with ...
📍defuse表示“缓和；平息”（to stop a possibly dangerous or difficult situation from developing, especially by making people less angry or nervous）
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：稳妥化解地方政府债务风险，及时处置一批重大金融风险隐患。We took prudent steps to defuse local government debt risks and acted swiftly to defuse a number of major financial risks and potential dangers.
2021年报告：有效防范化解各种风险隐患。to effectively prevent and defuse various risks and potential dangers.
2019年报告：防范化解重大风险，We forestalled and defused major risks.
强化稳岗扩就业政策落实，
We intensified policies to stabilize and expand employment,
注：
稳岗扩就业政策
policies to stabilize and expand employment
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：各地加大稳岗扩岗激励力度，Local governments across the country provided more incentives to stabilize and expand employment,
扎实做好高校毕业生等重点群体就业工作，
took solid measures to ensure employment for key groups like college graduates,
注：
扎实做好...（工作）
take solid measures to / take solid steps to ...
高校毕业生
college graduates
重点群体
key groups like
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：做好高校毕业生、退役军人、农民工等重点群体就业工作，We will work to ensure employment for key groups such as college graduates, ex-service members, and rural migrant workers,
2019年报告：扎实做好高校毕业生、退役军人、农民工等重点群体就业工作，We will work to ensure employment for key groups such as college graduates, demobilized military personnel, and rural migrant workers;
推进大众创业万众创新。
and encouraged business startups and innovation.
注：
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：纵深推进大众创业万众创新。and further promote business startups and innovation initiatives.
2020年报告：大众创业万众创新深入开展 Business startups and innovation continued to surge nationwide.
2019年报告：大众创业万众创新深入推进 Business startups and innovation continued to surge nationwide.
2018年报告：大众创业、万众创新蓬勃发展Business startups and innovation are thriving all over the country.
2017年报告：大众创业、万众创新广泛开展 People were busy launching businesses or making innovations.
加强大宗商品保供稳价，着力解决煤炭电力供应紧张问题。
We took stronger steps to keep supply and prices of major commodities stable and to tackle supply shortages in coal and electric power.
注：
加强
take stronger steps to
大宗商品
major commodities
保供稳价
keep supply and prices ... stable
煤炭电力供应紧张（问题）
supply shortages in coal and electric power
从全年看，主要宏观经济指标符合预期，
Over the course of last year, all major macroeconomic indicators stayed in line with projected targets,
注：
从全年看
over the course of last/the year
主要宏观经济指标
major macroeconomic indicators
符合预期（目标）
stay in line with projected targets
财政赤字率和宏观杠杆率下降，
the deficit-to-GDP ratio and macro leverage ratio decreased,
注：
财政赤字率
the deficit-to-GDP ratio
宏观杠杆率
the macro leverage ratio
📍赤字率表示的是一定时期内财政赤字额与同期国民生产总值之间的比例关系。财政赤字是指财政支出超过财政收入的部分。赤字率=(政府开支-政府收入)/GDP×100%
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：今年赤字率拟按3.2%左右安排、比去年有所下调， we have set the deficit-to-GDP ratio for the year at around 3.2 percent, slightly lower than that of last year.
2020年报告：今年赤字率拟按3.6%以上安排，财政赤字规模比去年增加1万亿元，The deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at more than 3.6 percent, with a deficit increase of one trillion yuan over last year.
2019年报告：今年赤字率拟按2.8%安排，比去年预算高0.2个百分点；Deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at 2.8 percent, a 0.2-percentage-point increase over that of last year.
2018年报告：今年赤字率拟按2.6%安排，比去年预算低0.4个百分点 This year's deficit as a percentage of GDP is projected to be 2.6 percent, 0.4 percentage point lower than last year.
经济增速继续位居世界前列。
and China’s economy remained one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.
二是优化和落实助企纾困政策，巩固经济恢复基础。
2. We refined and implemented policies for easing the difficulties of businesses and consolidated the foundation of economic recovery.
注：
优化和落实
refine and implement
经济恢复基础
the foundation of economic recovery
纾困（缓解困难）
ease difficulties / ovecome difficulties / alleviate difficulties
📍refine表示“改进；完善；使精炼”，英文解释为“to improve an idea, method, system, etc. by making small changes”举个🌰：
LR spent many months refining the software.
LR花了数月来完善这个软件。
- 推荐小程序 -
「学英语打卡」
↓↓↓ 随时随地学报告 ↓↓↓
📍alleviate表示“减轻，缓和”（to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe）
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 1：助企纾困和激发活力并举， we eased the difficulties of our enterprises and energized them.
2021年报告Part 8：宏观政策要继续为市场主体纾困，保持必要支持力度， We will continue to ensure macro policies alleviate the difficulties of market entities and maintain necessary policy support for achieving this goal.
2020年报告Part 8：助力市场主体纾困发展 help market entities overcome difficulties and achieve development.
2019年报告Part 4：千方百计帮助解忧纾困 we used every feasible means to help them overcome problems and concerns.
上亿市场主体承载着数亿人就业创业，
As over one hundred million market entities have given several hundred million people the opportunity to go into business or secure employment,
注：
市场主体
market entities
数亿人
several hundred million people
创业
go into business
就业
secure employment
宏观政策延续疫情发生以来行之有效的支持路径和做法。
we have continued with the supportive macro-policy roadmaps and approaches that have proved effective since the epidemic began.
注：
路径和做法
roadmaps and approaches
去年新增减税降费超过1万亿元，
Tax and fee reductions introduced last year totaled more than one trillion yuan.
注：
tax and fee reductions
减税降费
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 1：实施阶段性大规模减税降费，与制度性安排相结合，By making both time-limited large-scale tax and fee cuts and institutional arrangements,
2020年报告：要坚决把减税降费政策落到企业，All tax and fee reduction policies must be fully implemented for our businesses,
还对制造业中小微企业、煤电和供热企业实施阶段性缓缴税费。
In addition, tax payments were postponed for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in manufacturing as well as coal-fired power plants and heating-supply enterprises as a temporary measure.
注：
中小微企业-->微小中企业
micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
煤电厂（企业）
coal-fired power plants
供热企业
heating-supply enterprises
阶段性-->暂时的
temporary
📍2021年报告Part 1“实施阶段性大规模减税降费，与制度性安排相结合”中的阶段性用的是time-limited：By making both time-limited large-scale tax and fee cuts and institutional arrangements,
实践表明，减税降费是助企纾困直接有效的办法，
Tax and fee reductions have proved a direct and effective way of helping enterprises ease their difficulties.
注：
助企纾困
helping enterprises ease their difficulties
实际上也是“放水养鱼”、涵养税源，
In reality, they also help nurture business growth and cultivate sources of tax revenue.
注：
涵养税源
cultivate sources of tax revenue
📍“放水养鱼”意即要发展某项事业，就得有投入，给其创造发展的有利环境。
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：强化阶段性政策，与制度性安排相结合，放水养鱼，助力市场主体纾困发展。 We will aggressively implement current policies in conjunction with institutional arrangements to create a more enabling environment and help market entities overcome difficulties and achieve development.
2019年报告：这次减税，着眼“放水养鱼”、增强发展后劲并考虑财政可持续，Our moves to cut tax on this occasion aim at an accommodative effect to strengthen the basis for sustained growth while also considering the need to ensure fiscal sustainability;
2018年报告：着眼“放水养鱼”、增强后劲，我国率先大幅减税降费。China has led the way in slashing taxes and fees with the aim of using accommodative measures to strengthen the basis for sustained growth.
2013年以来新增的涉税市场主体去年纳税达到4.76万亿元。
Last year, revenue generated from taxpaying market entities registered since 2013 reached 4.76 trillion yuan.
注：
涉税市场主体
taxpaying market entities
加强铁路、公路、航空、海运、港口等运输保障。
We strengthened the capacity of railway, highway, aviation and maritime transportation as well as harbors.
注：
铁路、公路、航空、海运、港口
railway, highway, aviation, maritime, harbors
加大对受疫情影响严重行业企业信贷投放，
We boosted the credit supply to industries and enterprises severely affected by Covid-19.
注：
加大信贷投放
boost the credit supply to ...
受疫情影响严重行业企业
industries and enterprises severely affected by Covid-19
继续执行小微企业贷款延期还本付息和信用贷款支持政策，
We continued policies for micro and small businesses to defer principal and interest repayments on loans and take out more collateral-free loans.
注：
小微企业
micro and small businesses
还本付息
principal and interest repayments
本，息-->本金及利息
principal and interest
归还借款/偿还
repayment
📍principal此处表示“本金；资本”（an amount of money that you lend to sb or invest to earn interest）
📍defer表示“推迟；延缓”（to delay sth until a later time），举个🌰：
LR deferred the decision for six months.
LR推迟了六个月才做决定。
📍collateral /kəˈlæt̬.ɚ.əl/ 表示“担保品，抵押品”，英文解释为“valuable property owned by someone who wants to borrow money, that they agree will become the property of the company or person who lends the money if the debt is not paid back”举个🌰：
She used/put up her house as collateral for a loan.
她用自己的房屋作抵押来贷款。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：延续普惠小微企业贷款延期还本付息政策，We will continue the policy of allowing micro and small enterprises to defer principal and interest repayments on inclusive-finance loans,
2020年报告：中小微企业贷款延期还本付息政策再延长至明年3月底，The policy allowing micro, small, and medium businesses to postpone principal and interest repayments on loans will be further extended till the end of March next year.
大型商业银行普惠小微企业贷款增幅超过40%，
Inclusive finance lending by large commercial banks to micro and small businesses increased by more than 40 percent,
注：
普惠（金融）贷款
inclusive finance lending
企业综合融资成本稳中有降。
and overall financing costs of businesses dropped steadily.
注：
企业综合融资成本
overall financing costs of businesses
稳中有降
drop steadily
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：今年务必做到小微企业融资更便利、综合融资成本稳中有降。 This year, we must see that micro and small businesses have easier access to financing, and that their overall financing costs steadily drop.
- 推荐小程序 -
「学英语打卡」
↓↓↓ 随时随地学报告 ↓↓↓
「未完待续」
「持续更新中」
公众号内发送具体年份
如2015或2016或2017或
2018或2019或2020或2021
查看相应学习笔记
本系列笔记首发自
微信公众号：LearnAndRecord
禁止任何形式搬运、抄袭，侵权必究！
谢谢你看到这里呀
公众号后台对话框里发送：666
参与抽奖（3月7日0点开）
公众号后台对话框里发送：打卡
参与每天持续行动打卡计划
- 推荐阅读 -
- 📖 -
拖延症的你，
去年、前年、大前年的报告打印完看了吗？
今年就和LR一起来打卡学习啃报告吧！
加入方式：后台对话框处发送「2022」
- END -
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2022年3月6日
第2584天
每天持续行动学外语