「Part 12」2021政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

LearnAndRecord 2022-07-26

收录于合集 #政府工作报告笔记 53个

本笔记由「才思汇·啃报告小分队」出品，特别感谢小伙伴@Ma_WenYʚ🦄ི་ྀɞ的付出。

（三）依靠创新推动实体经济高质量发展，培育壮大新动能。

Promoting high-quality development of the real economy through innovation and fostering new growth drivers.

注：

推动高质量发展

promote high-quality development

实体经济

the real economy

培育壮大新动能

foster new growth drivers

新动能

new growth drivers

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告Part 5：坚持以改革开放为动力推动高质量发展 and draw momentum from reform and opening up to promote high-quality development;

2020年报告Part 1：发展新动能不断增强 New growth drivers became stronger.

2019年报告Part 13：坚持创新引领发展，培育壮大新动能。We will continue to pursue innovation-driven development and foster new growth drivers.

2019年报告Part 1：发展新动能快速成长 New growth drivers grew rapidly.

促进科技创新与实体经济深度融合，

We will see that scientific and technological innovations are fully applied in the real economy,

注：

科技创新

scientific and technological innovations

A与B深度融合

A be fully applied in B

更好发挥创新驱动发展作用。

and we will better leverage the role of innovation in driving development.

注：

发挥 ... 作用

leverage the role of ...

驱动发展

driving development

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：发挥中心城市和城市群综合带动作用 We will leverage the role of leading cities and city clusters in driving the overall development of their surrounding areas.

📍 leverage /ˈliːvərɪdʒ/ 表示“利用”（to use something that you already have in order to achieve something new or better），举个🌰：

We can gain a market advantage by leveraging our partners.

我们可以利用我们的合作伙伴来获得市场优势。

Many different companies are working on leveraging these approaches.

很多不同的公司正在利用这些方法。

补充：leverage作动词还有“举债经营”的含义（to use borrowed money to buy an investment or company），举个🌰：

They can leverage a very small investment into millions of dollars.

他们可以把很小的一笔投资变成数百万美元。

📍 “举债经营”指以借得的资本从事投资活动以期获得大于利息的利润。

提升科技创新能力。

We will raise our capacity for pursuing scientific and technological innovation.

注：

...的能力

the capacity for

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：提高应急救援和防灾减灾能力 and enhance our capacity for emergency rescue and disaster prevention and mitigation.

强化国家战略科技力量，

We will improve our strategic scientific and technological strength.

注：

战略科技力量

strategic scientific and technological strength

推进国家实验室建设，

The building of national laboratories will continue,

注：

建设...

the building of

国家实验室

national laboratories

完善科技项目和创新基地布局。

and the layout of science and technology programs and innovation centers will be improved.

注：

...的布局

the layout of ...

科技项目

science and technology programs

创新基地

innovation centers

📍layout /ˈleɪaʊt/ 表示“布局”（a plan or design of something that is laid out），举个🌰：

I've done some research into the perfect office layout.

我已经对完美的办公室布局做了一些研究。

实施好关键核心技术攻关工程，

We will ensure the success of projects launched to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields,

注：

实施好...-->确保...的成功

ensure the success of...

关键核心技术攻关工程

projects launched to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields

关键（领域）核心技术

core technologies in key fields

攻关-->实现突破

achieve breakthroughs

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告Part 1：加强关键核心技术攻关。We intensified efforts to make major breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields.

2020年报告：重要领域改革取得新突破 and breakthroughs in reform were made in key areas.

深入谋划推进“科技创新2030—重大项目”，

further plan and implement the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda,

注：

深入谋划推进

further plan and implement

科技创新2030—重大项目

the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda

改革科技重大专项实施方式，

reform the way that major science and technology programs are implemented,

注：

科技重大专项

major science and technology programs

推广“揭榜挂帅”等机制。

and extend mechanisms, such as the open competition mechanism to select the best candidates to undertake key research projects, to more areas.

注：

推广...机制（到更多领域）

extend mechanisms to more areas

开放的竞争机制

the open competition mechanism

‘揭榜挂帅’-->选择最优秀的人承担重点研究项目

select the best candidates to undertake key research projects

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：实行重点项目攻关“揭榜挂帅”，谁能干就让谁干。 We will introduce an open competition mechanism to select the best candidates to lead key research projects.

📍新华网评：“揭榜挂帅”，就是把需要的关键核心技术项目张出榜来，英雄不论出处，谁有本事谁就揭榜。

支持有条件的地方建设国际和区域科技创新中心，

We support localities with requisite conditions to develop international and regional centers for science and technology innovation,

注：

有条件的地方

localities with requisite conditions

国际和区域（科技创新）中心

international and regional centers (for science and technology innovation)

📍locality /ləʊˈkæləti; loʊˈkæləti/表示“（围绕所处或提及的）地区”（the area that surrounds the place you are in or are talking about）

📍requisite /'rekwizit/ 表示“必要的”（necessary for relief or supply），举个🌰：

He hasn't got the requisite qualifications for this job.

他不具备这项工作所必须的条件。

增强国家自主创新示范区等带动作用。

and better leverage the guiding role of institutions such as national innovation demonstration zones.

注：

增强...带动作用

better leverage the guiding role of ...

国家（自主）创新示范区

national innovation demonstration zones

「类似表述对比」

2018年报告：创建“中国制造2025”示范区。and create Made in China 2025 demonstration zones.

📍institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən/ 表示“机构；慈善机构；社会福利机构”（an organization founded and united for a specific purpose），举个🌰：

This is the U.S. Government's development finance institution.

这是美国政府负责发展领域的金融机构。

发展疾病防治攻关等民生科技。

We encourage advances in science and technology that promote people’s wellbeing, such as breakthroughs in the prevention and control of diseases.

注：

民生科技

science and technology that promote people's wellbeing

民生

people's wellbeing

疾病防治

the prevention and control of diseases

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：改革疾病预防控制体制 We will reform the system for disease prevention and control.

促进科技开放合作。

We also encourage opening up and international cooperation in the science and technology sector,

注：

开放和（国际）合作

opening up and international cooperation

加强知识产权保护。

and we are firmly committed to protecting intellectual property.

注：

加强-->坚定做某事

be firmly committed to

知识产权保护

protecting intellectual property

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告Part 15：1）坚定不移扩大对外开放 we must stay committed to opening our door wider to the world

2020年报告Part 15：2）坚持共商共建共享 Staying committed to achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration.

2018年报告：坚持共商共建共享 We are committed to achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration,

2020年报告：加强知识产权保护 Intellectual property protection will be strengthened.

基础研究是科技创新的源头，

Basic research is the wellspring of scientific and technological innovation.

注：

基础研究

basic research

是 ... 的源头

be the wellspring of ...

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：稳定支持基础研究和应用基础研究 We will provide stable support for basic research and application-oriented basic research.

📍wellspring /ˈwɛlsprɪŋ/ 表示“泉源；源泉；水源”（the source of a spring or steam；fountainhead）。

要健全稳定支持机制，大幅增加投入，

So we will ensure the stable functioning of funding mechanisms for basic research and boost spending in this area by a considerable sum.

注：

增加投入

boost spending 大幅

by a considerable sum

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告Part 2：较大幅度增加财政扶贫资金投入。We increased funding for poverty alleviation by a considerable sum.

中央本级基础研究支出增长10.6%，

Central government expenditures on basic research will increase by 10.6 percent.

注：

基础研究支出

expenditures on basic research

政府支出

government expenditures

📍 对比expenditure和spending：

1）expenditure表示“花费；消费；费用；开支”（the act of spending or using money; an amount of money spent）

2）spending表示“（政府或其他机构的）开支，支出，花销”（the amount of money that is spent by a government or an organization）

3）下文出现的另一个词：outlay表示“（启动新项目的）开支，费用”（the money that you have to spend in order to start a new project）

落实扩大经费使用自主权政策，

Research institutes will have more say about how funds should be used,

注：

扩大...自主权-->更大发言权

have more say about ...

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告Part 15：赋予自贸试验区更大改革开放自主权，We will grant greater autonomy in reform and opening up to pilot free trade zones,

2020年报告Part 10：赋予省级政府建设用地更大自主权。Provincial-level government will be given more power to approve land use for construction projects.

2018年报告：扩大科研机构和高校科研自主权，Research institutes and universities now have greater say over their research;

完善项目评审和人才评价机制，

and the mechanisms for assessing projects and evaluating personnel will be refined.

注：

项目评审

assessing projects

人才评价

evaluating personnel

📍assess和evaluate均表示评定、估价；assess强调通过评估以更好利用，所以“风险”和“税收”之类的会偏向搭配‘assess’；evaluate多用于对人物的某方面的评价，少用于评价某物的市场价值。

📍refine表示“完善；改进，改善”（If something such as a process, theory, or machine is refined, it is improved by having small changes made to it.）举个🌰：

Surgical techniques are constantly being refined.

外科手术技术正在不断得到完善。

切实减轻科研人员不合理负担，使他们能够沉下心来致力科学探索，以“十年磨一剑”精神在关键核心领域实现重大突破。

These actions will help relieve researchers of undue burdens and enable them to fully devote their time and energy to making scientific explorations and major breakthroughs in key technologies, just as a blacksmith in the past would spend years forging the perfect sword.

注：

减轻

relieve sb. of sth.

不合理负担

undue burdens

致力于

devote to

科学探索

(make) scientific explorations

十年磨一剑

a blacksmith in the past would spend years forging the perfect sword.

📍blacksmith表示“铁匠”（A blacksmith is a person whose job is making things by hand out of metal that has been heated to a high temperature.）

「类似表述对比」

十九大报告：打铁必须自身硬。As the saying goes, it takes a good blacksmith to make good steel.

运用市场化机制激励企业创新。

We will leverage market forces to encourage enterprises to engage in innovation.

注：

市场化机制（市场力量）

market forces

强化企业创新主体地位，

We will boost the principal role of enterprises in innovation,

注：

企业创新主体地位

the principal role of enterprises in innovation

📍principal用于人时，指地位优于其他人；用于物时，指该物在大小、重要性等方面优于他物。

鼓励领军企业组建创新联合体，

and encourage leading enterprises to establish innovation consortia.

注：

领军企业

leading enterprises

创新联合体

innovation consortia

📍consortia /kən'sɒti:əm/ 表示“财团、公会；联营企业”，（an association，typically of several business companies），是consortium的复数形式。

拓展产学研用融合通道，

We will expand the channels that bring together enterprises, universities, research institutes and end-users,

注：

产学研用

enterprises, universities, research institutes and end-users

融合

bring together ...

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告：健全以企业为主体的产学研一体化创新机制，We will refine enterprise-led mechanisms for bringing together firms, universities, and research institutes to engage in innovation,

2018年报告：形成线上线下结合、产学研用协同、大中小企业融合的创新创业格局， and create an innovation and entrepreneurship landscape featuring online-offline combination, collaboration between enterprises, universities, research institutes, and end-users, and partnering between businesses of all sizes.

健全科技成果产权激励机制，

and refine the equity-based incentive mechanisms for scientific and technological advances.

注：

产权激励机制

the equity-based incentive mechanisms

激励机制

incentive mechanisms

科技成果

scientific and technological advances

📍equity /ˈɛkwɪtɪ/ 在这里表示“股权”（the ownership interest of shareholders in a corporation）

完善创业投资监管体制和发展政策，

We will improve the regulatory system and development policies for venture capital,

注：

创业投资（风险投资）

venture capital

监管体制

the regulatory system

发展政策

development policies

纵深推进大众创业万众创新。

and further promote business startups and innovation initiatives.

注：

纵深推进

further promote

大众创业万众创新

business startups and innovation (initiatives)

📍initiative表示“倡议，新方案” (a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a particular purpose)，也可表示“主动性，积极性”（the ability to decide and act on your owen without waiting for sb to tell you what to do)，如：A United Nations peace initiative 联合国和平倡议，举个🌰：

You will have to use your initiatives.

你得自己想办法。

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：大众创业万众创新深入开展 Business startups and innovation continued to surge nationwide.

2019年报告：大众创业万众创新深入推进 Business startups and innovation continued to surge nationwide.

2018年报告：大众创业、万众创新蓬勃发展Business startups and innovation are thriving all over the country.

2017年报告：大众创业、万众创新广泛开展 People were busy launching businesses or making innovations.

延续执行企业研发费用加计扣除75%政策，将制造业企业加计扣除比例提高到100%，

We will continue to implement the policy of granting an extra tax deduction of 75 percent on enterprises' R&D costs, and we will raise this to 100 percent for manufacturing enterprises.

注：

税收减免政策

the policy of granting an extra tax deduction

制造业企业

manufacturing enterprises

企业研发费用

enterprises' R&D costs

研发

R&D (research and development)

📍加计扣除是指按照税法规定，在实际发生数额的基础上，再加成一定比例，作为计算应纳税所得额时的扣除数额的一种税收优惠措施。例如，税法规定研发费用可实行150%加计扣除政策，如果企业当年开发新产品研发费用实际支出为100元，就可按150元（100×150%）在税前进行扣除，以鼓励企业加大研发投入。

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：要坚决把减税降费政策落到企业，All tax and fee reduction policies must be fully implemented for our businesses,

2019年报告：将提高研发费用加计扣除比例政策扩大至所有企业。and extended the policy on raising the proportion of additional tax-deductible R&D costs to cover all enterprises.

2017年报告：科技型中小企业研发费用加计扣除比例由50%提高到75%，For small and medium high-tech enterprises, the proportion of R&D expenses that are tax deductible is to be raised from 50 to 75 percent.

用税收优惠机制激励企业加大研发投入，着力推动企业以创新引领发展。

By employing such mechanisms for preferential tax treatment, we can encourage enterprises to increase R&D spending and pursue innovation-driven development.

注：

税收优惠机制

mechanisms for preferential tax treatment

以创新引领发展

pursue innovation-driven development

加大研发收入

increase R&D spending

优化和稳定产业链供应链。

We will ensure the stable operation of industrial and supply chains and improve them.

注：

稳定运行

stable operation

产业链供应链

industrial and supply chains

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：稳定产业链供应链 keep our industrial and supply chains stable.

继续完成“三去一降一补”重要任务。

We will continue working on the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess housing inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness.

注：

“三去一降一补”= 五大重要任务（five priority tasks）

去产能（cutting overcapacity）

去库存（reducing excess housing inventory）

去杠杆（deleveraging）

降成本（lowering costs）

补短板（strengthening areas of weakness）

对先进制造业企业按月全额退还增值税增量留抵税额，

We will refund all due VAT credits to advanced manufacturing enterprises on a monthly basis,

注：

增值税

VAT

先进制造企业

advanced manufacturing enterprises

按月

on a monthly basis

📍 refund /ri'fʌnd/ 表示“退还”（pay back），举个🌰：

We guarantee to refund your money if you're not delighted with your purchase.

如果你对购买的商品不满意，我们保证退款。

提高制造业贷款比重，

raise the proportion of loans to the manufacturing sector,

注：

提高 ... 比重

raise the proportion of ...

制造业

the manufacturing sector

扩大制造业设备更新和技术改造投资。

and increase investment in the equipment upgrades and technology transformations of manufacturing enterprises.

注：

设备更新

equipment upgrades

技术改造

technology transformations

增强产业链供应链自主可控能力，

We will see that industrial and supply chains are more self-supporting and that their risks are better controlled.

注：

产业链供应链

industrial and supply chains

自主

self-supporting

增强...可控能力

(their risks) are better controlled

实施好产业基础再造工程，发挥大企业引领支撑和中小微企业协作配套作用。

We will implement projects for upgrading foundational industrial infrastructure and give full play to large enterprises' capacity to provide leadership and support, and to the collaborative and supporting role of MSMEs.

注：

产业基础再造工程

projects for upgrading foundational industrial infrastructure

（充分）发挥...

give full play to ...

引领支撑

provide leadership and support

协作配套

collaborative and supporting

中小微企业（MSMEs）

micro, small, and medium businesses

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：发挥好工会、共青团、妇联等群团组织作用。We will give full play to the role of trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations, women's federations, and other people's organizations.

发展工业互联网，搭建更多共性技术研发平台，提升中小微企业创新能力和专业化水平。

We will further develop the industrial internet and build additional platforms for generic technology R&D to enhance the capacity of MSMEs for making innovations and engaging in specialized production.

注：

工业互联网

the industrial internet

共性技术研发

generic technology R&D

提升...水平-->提高 ... 的能力

enhance the capacity of ...

创新能力

the capacity for making innovations

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：发展工业互联网，推进智能制造。We will promote the industrial internet and boost smart manufacturing.

2019年报告：打造工业互联网平台，拓展“智能+”，为制造业转型升级赋能。We will create industrial internet platforms and expand Intelligent Plus initiatives to facilitate transformation and upgrading in manufacturing.

2018年报告：发展工业互联网平台，创建“中国制造2025”示范区。develop industrial Internet of Things platforms, and create Made in China 2025 demonstration zones.

加大5G网络和千兆光网建设力度，丰富应用场景。

The development of the 5G networks and 1000M fiber optic networks will be stepped up and their application will be extended to more settings.

注：

5G网络

the 5G networks

千兆光网

1000M fiber optic networks

加大 ...

step up ...

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：强化审计监督。Auditing-based oversight will be stepped up.

统筹新兴产业布局。

The layout of emerging industries will be planned in a well-coordinated way.

注：

... 的布局

the layout of ...

新兴产业

emerging industries

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：新兴产业持续壮大 Emerging industries continued to grow.

2018年报告：大力发展新兴产业（we have ) made a big push to foster emerging industries.

2017年报告：加快培育壮大新兴产业，accelerate the development of emerging industries.

加强质量基础设施建设，

China's National Quality Infrastructure will be strengthened;

注：

（中国国家）质量基础设施

China's National Quality Infrastructure

深入实施质量提升行动，

intensified efforts will be made to enhance quality,

注：

深入实施

make intensified efforts to

提升质量

enhance quality

📍intensify指深化或强化某事或某物，尤指其特别之处；enhance侧重指增加价值，魅力或声望等使人或物具有超科寻常的吸引力。

📍intensify/ ɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪ/ 表示“（使）强化、（使）加剧”（make more intense, stronger, or more marked）。举个🌰：

My first failure only intensified my desire to succeed.

我的初次失败只更加强了我成功的信念。

促进产业链上下游标准有效衔接，

and ensure the alignment of standards throughout the industrial chain.

注：

标准有效衔接-->标准的统一

the alignment of standards

产业链上下游

throughout the industrial chain

📍 throughout在这里表示“在各处；遍及”（in or into every part of sth）。

弘扬工匠精神，以精工细作提升中国制造品质。

We will champion the pursuit of fine workmanship to boost the quality of Chinese manufacturing.

注：

工匠精神

the pursuit of fine workmanship

中国制造

Chinese manufacturing

提升 ... 品质

boost the quality of ...

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告：大力弘扬奋斗精神、科学精神、劳模精神、工匠精神，and encourage the spirit of struggle, the spirit of science, a role-model work ethic, and the pursuit of fine workmanship.

- 📖 -

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「未完待续」

「Part 1」2021政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

「Part 2」2021政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

「Part 3」2021政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

「Part 4」2021政府工作报告中英文对照注释版