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索菲娅·安德雷森诗15首

葡萄牙星期一诗社 2024-01-10

索菲娅·安德雷森(Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen,1919–2004)，葡萄牙著名女诗人。安德雷森1919年出生于葡萄牙西北部港市波尔图，后去里斯本入大学学习，并一直居住在那里。她被认为是20世纪葡萄牙最重要的诗人之一，赢得过多种文学奖，作品被广泛译介。她认为：“诗歌是我对宇宙的理解，我和万物发生关联的方式，我对真实的参与，我与声音和形象的遭遇。那就是为什么诗歌述说的不是一种理想的生活而是一种实在的生活：一扇窗的角度，街道的共鸣，城市和房间，一堵墙投下的阴影，一张突然出现的面孔，星辰的寂静，距离和明亮，夜的呼吸，椴树和牛至的气息。”主要作品有《诗集》(1944)、《海之昼》(1947)、《珊瑚》(1950)、《在分割的时间里》(1962)、《地理学》(1967)、《诗歌选集)〔1968)、《耙》(1970)、《万物之名》(1977)等。

1999年，卡蒙斯奖首次授予了一位女作家，她便是葡萄牙女诗人索菲娅·安德雷森(1919-)。以葡萄牙诗圣卡蒙斯(1524-1580)命名的文学奖是葡萄牙语世界(包括葡萄牙、巴西和非洲五个原葡属殖民地国家)最高级别的文学奖项，1998年度诺贝尔文学奖得主葡萄牙小说家萨拉马戈和享誉世界文坛的巴西小说家亚马多都曾获得过这一奖项。

在葡萄牙当代文坛涌现出的女作家中，声誉最高的无疑是索菲娅·安德雷森和阿古斯蒂娜·贝萨·路易斯。

索菲娅·安德雷森曾进人里斯本大学攻读过古典哲学，因沉醉于诗歌创作，未曾毕业便中途辍学，专注于文学创作。自1944年她的第一部作品《诗歌》问世以来，至今已出版十余部诗集，成为葡萄牙当代最著名的诗人之一。这些诗集展示了一个诗人执著地表现自然、表现万物(尤其是大海和阳光)的创作历程，以其独特的抒情色彩在葡萄牙当代诗

歌创作中占有重要的地位。她的诗歌触角深人敏感的内心世界，被评论界称为“表现感觉的一面魔镜”。在她的作品中，诗歌的美学原则和伦理观念互相融合，因此诗歌便承担起道德的使命，它愤怒地谴责残酷和妄为，主张建立一个不再是肮脏的社会。正因为如此，她的诗作在不失清纯与真实的主旨下，也表现出一种政治上的揭露。诗人立场坚定地反对独裁统治，作品对自由的呼唤和对社会及政治的批判日渐增多。当1974年爆发的“四·二五”运动推翻了长达近四十年的独裁政权时，她写出了题为《四月二十五日》的诗作，热烈欢呼这场民主运动。除诗歌外，她还从事短篇小说和儿童文学作品的创作。由于她在文学创作上所取得的成就，1994年葡萄牙作家协会授予她以“文学生涯奖”。1999年她又荣获卡蒙斯奖，成为第一位获此殊荣以葡萄牙语从事创作的女作家。其主要作品有《海之昼》(1947)、《珊瑚》(1950)、《在分割的时间里》(1954),《新海》(1958),《吉卜赛人的基督》(1961),《地理》(1967),《栅栏》(1970)、《双重》(1972)、《万物之名》(1977)、《航海》(1983),《岛屿》(1989).《彩色的诗》(1991)等诗集和《短篇小说范例》(1962)、《大地和海洋的故事》(1984)等短篇小说集。

Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen (Oporto, November 6, 1919 – Lisbon, July 2, 2004) was an award-winning Portuguese poet and writer.

Sophia, as she is often referred to in Portugal, was born in Porto to a wealthy aristocratic family. She inherited the surname ‘Andresen’ from her paternal grandfather, a Danish merchant. She received a strict Catholic upbringing, and was to remain a fervent believer until the end of her life. After spending her childhood in Porto she moved to Lisbon, where she attended the Universidade de Lisboa. As a student, she was activelly involved in Catholic movements. Politically, she defended constitutional monarchy and openly criticized Salazar’s dictatorship. In 1946 she married lawyer and politician Francisco Sousa Tavares. They had five children, among whom journalist and best-selling author Miguel Sousa Tavares. After the Carnation Revolution in 1974, she made a brief incursion into politics as an MP for the Socialist Party (centre-left).

Andresen won acclaim as a storyteller with Contos Exemplares (Exemplary Tales),”Histórias da Terra e do Mar” (Stories of Land and Sea), and a number of children’s books – A Menina do Mar (The Sea Girl), O Cavaleiro da Dinamarca (The Danish Knight), A Floresta (The Forest), O Rapaz de Bronze (The Bronze Boy), A Fada Oriana (The Fairy Oriana). She also published several poetry books and anthologies, including: Poesia, Dual, Livro Sexto, Coral, Dia do Mar, No Tempo Dividido, Grades, O Nome das Coisas, As Ilhas, Antologia, Geografia, Navegações, O Búzio de Cós. In 1999 she became the first woman to receive the highest Portuguese award for poetry, the Prémio Camões. She was also awarded the Spanish Premio Reina Sofia in 2003.

“Poetry,” she explained, “is my understanding of the universe, my way of relating to things, my participation in reality, my encounter with voices and images. This is why the poem speaks not of an ideal life but of a concrete one: the angle of a window, the resonance of streets, cities and rooms, the shadow cast by a wall, a sudden face, the silence, distance and brightness of the stars, the night’s breath, the scent of linden and of oregano.” The sea is probably the most central theme in her poetical works. Other recurring themes are Ancient Greece and ideas of freedom and justice.

Besides her work as a writer, she translated Dante and Shakespeare into Portuguese.

Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen died in Lisbon on July 2, 2004, aged 84.

Her poetry has been translated into English by Richard Zenith.

Portrait by Carlos Botelho via Wikipedia. Biography from Wikipedia.

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