「Part 2」2023政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

针对企业生产经营困难加剧，加大纾困支持力度。

We stepped up relief support to enterprises facing growing difficulties in operation and production.

注：

加大纾困支持力度

step up relief support

「类似表述对比」

2022年报告：完善减负纾困等政策，夯实经济稳定运行、质量提升的基础。 We will improve policies for easing the burdens and difficulties of market entities and create a stronger foundation for achieving a stable and sounder economic performance.

2020年报告：强化阶段性政策，与制度性安排相结合，放水养鱼，助力市场主体纾困发展。 We will aggressively implement current policies in conjunction with institutional arrangements to create a more enabling environment and help market entities overcome difficulties and achieve development.

2019年报告：千方百计帮助解忧纾困 we used every feasible means to help them overcome problems and concerns.

受疫情等因素冲击，不少企业和个体工商户遇到特殊困难。

Impacted by Covid-19 and other factors, many enterprises and self-employed individuals experienced acute distress.

注：

个体工商户

self-employed individuals

遇到特殊困难

experience acute distress

📍acute /əˈkjuːt/ 1）表示“严峻的”，英文解释为“You can use acute to indicate that an undesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense.”举个🌰：There is an acute shortage of water. 水严重短缺。

2）表示“（疾病）急性的”，英文解释为“an acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous”如：acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎。

全年增值税留抵退税超过2.4万亿元，新增减税降费超过1万亿元，缓税缓费7500多亿元。

Last year, value-added tax (VAT) credit refunds exceeded 2.4 trillion yuan, newly implemented tax and fee cuts amounted to more than 1 trillion yuan, and postponements were introduced for tax and fee payments of over 750 billion yuan.

注：

增值税

value-added tax (VAT)

增值税留抵退税

value-added tax (VAT) credit refunds

减税降费

tax and fee cuts

超过

exceed / amount to more than ...

为有力支持减税降费政策落实，中央对地方转移支付大幅增加。

To ensure implementation of tax and fee reduction policies, the central government significantly increased transfer payments to local governments.

注：

减税降费政策

tax and fee reduction policies

转移支付

transfer payments

引导金融机构增加信贷投放，降低融资成本，

We provided guidance to financial institutions on increasing credit supply and lowering financing costs.

注：

金融机构

financial institutions

增加信贷投放

increasing credit supply

降低融资成本

lowering financing costs

新发放企业贷款平均利率降至有统计以来最低水平，对普惠小微贷款阶段性减息。

Average interest rates on new enterprise loans fell to the lowest level on record, and time-limited cuts were made to interest rates on inclusive loans to micro and small businesses.

注：

新发放企业贷款平均利率

average interest rates on new enterprise loans

普惠小微贷款

inclusive loans to micro and small businesses

阶段性-->有时限的

time-limited

用改革办法激发市场活力。

We injected fresh vitality into the market through reform.

注：

激发市场活力

inject fresh vitality into the market

📍inject /ɪnˈdʒekt/ 1）表示“投入；增添；引入，带来”，英文解释为“to introduce something new that is necessary or helpful to a situation or process”举个🌰：A large amount of money will have to be injected into the company if it is to survive. 如果要挽救这家公司就必须注入大量资金。

2）表示“（给…）注射（药物等）”，英文解释为“to put a drug or other substance into a person's or an animal's body using a syringe”举个🌰：Adrenalin was injected into the muscle. 往肌肉里注射了肾上腺素。

区分：

📍ingest表示“摄入；食入；咽下”，英文解释为“to take food, drugs, etc. into your body, usually by swallowing”，举个🌰：The chemicals can be poisonous if ingested. 这些化学制品如果摄入体内可能会引起中毒。

📍digest表示“消化”，英文解释为“when you digest food, or it digests , it is changed into substances that your body can use”，举个🌰：Humans cannot digest plants such as grass. 人不能消化草类植物。

「类似表述对比」

2022年报告Part 7：善于运用改革创新办法，激发市场活力和社会创造力。 and we should be adept at using reform and innovation to boost market dynamism and social creativity.

2022年报告Part 6：完成今年发展目标任务，宏观政策要稳健有效，微观政策要持续激发市场主体活力，结构政策要着力畅通国民经济循环，To fulfill the development goals and tasks for the year, we should pursue prudent and effective macro policies, micro policies that can continuously energize market entities, and structural policies that facilitate smooth flows in the economy.

2021年报告Part 19：更大激发市场主体活力和社会创造力， and further energize market entities and unlock social creativity.

2021年报告Part 5：激发人才创新活力，unlock the creativity of talent,

量大面广的中小微企业和个体工商户普遍受益。

Many micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals in various sectors have benefited as a result.

注：

中小微企业

micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告：帮助受冲击最直接且量大面广的中小微企业和个体工商户渡难关。 And we helped micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals, which are large in number, extensive in scope and took the most direct hit from Covid-19, weather what was a very tough time.

针对有效需求不足的突出矛盾，多措并举扩投资促消费稳外贸。

To address lack of effective demand, we adopted a combination of measures to expand investment, stimulate consumption, and stabilize foreign trade.

注：

有效需求不足

lack of effective demand

多措并举

adopt a combination of measures

扩投资

expand investment

促消费

stimulate consumption

稳外贸

stabilize foreign trade

「类似表述对比」

2022年报告：多措并举稳定外贸。We will adopt a package of steps to stabilize foreign trade.

2021年报告Part 14：多措并举扩大油料生产。We will adopt multiple measures to expand the production of oil-bearing crops,

2020年报告Part 12：要多措并举扩消费，适应群众多元化需求。We will apply a combination of measures to boost consumption and meet diverse demand among consumers.

去年终端消费直接受到冲击，投资也受到影响。

Consumer spending was hit hard last year, and investment also suffered.

注：

受到冲击

be hit hard / be impacted by

提前实施部分“十四五”规划重大工程项目，加快地方政府专项债券发行使用，依法盘活用好专项债务结存限额，分两期投放政策性开发性金融工具7400亿元，为重大项目建设补充资本金。

In response, we launched several major projects set out in the 14th Five-Year Plan ahead of schedule, expedited the processes of issuing and utilizing local government special-purpose bonds, made better use of carryover quotas for special-purpose bonds in accordance with the law, and issued development and policy-backed financial instruments in two batches totaling 740 billion yuan to replenish the capital for major projects.

注：

提前

ahead of schedule

“十四五”规划

the 14th Five-Year Plan

地方政府专项债券

local government special-purpose bonds

专项债务结存限额

carryover quotas for special-purpose bonds

依法

in accordance with the law

政策性开发性金融工具

development and policy-backed financial instruments

补充资本金

replenish the capital

📍“十四五”一般指《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》（2021－2025年），简称“十四五”规划。

📍expedite /ˈɛkspɪˌdaɪt/ 表示“迅速完成；促进；加快”，英文解释为“If you expedite something, you cause it to be done more quickly.”举个🌰：We tried to help you expedite your plans. 我们试图帮你加快你的计划。

📍batch /bætʃ/ 表示“一批，一组”，英文解释为“a group of things or people dealt with at the same time or considered similar in type”举个🌰：The cook brought in a fresh batch of homemade cupcakes. 那位厨师带来了一炉刚刚烤好的自制蛋糕。

📍replenish /rɪˈplen.ɪʃ/ 表示“补充；把…再备足；重新装满”，英文解释为“to fill something up again”举个🌰：Food stocks were replenished by/with imports from abroad. 粮食储备通过从国外进口得到了补充。

运用专项再贷款、财政贴息等政策，支持重点领域设备更新改造。

We used targeted re-lending, loan interest subsidies, and other policies to support key sectors in upgrading equipment.

注：

专项再贷款

targeted re-lending

（财政）贴息

loan interest subsidies

重点领域

key sectors

采取联合办公、地方承诺等办法，提高项目审批效率。

To speed up project screening, different government departments established joint offices and a commitment-based approval system was adopted for local governments.

注：

项目审批

project screening

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告：在全国推开工程建设项目审批制度改革， Reform of the system for construction project approval will be introduced nationwide,

全年基础设施、制造业投资分别增长9.4%、9.1%，带动固定资产投资增长5.1%，一定程度弥补了消费收缩缺口。

In 2022, investments in infrastructure and the manufacturing sector increased by 9.4 percent and 9.1 percent respectively, while fixed-asset investment increased by 5.1 percent. This has, to some degree, offset the contraction in consumption.

注：

制造业

the manufacturing sector

固定资产投资

fixed-asset investment

一定程度

to some degree

弥补了消费收缩缺口

offset the contraction in consumption

📍offset 作动词，表示“抵消；弥补；补偿”，英文解释为“to use one cost, payment or situation in order to cancel or reduce the effect of another”举个🌰：rices have risen in order to offset the increased cost of materials. 为补偿原料成本的增加而提高了价格。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情下机器人自动化的文章中提到：Companies reshoring production have sought to offset the high cost of human labour with the engineered sort. 把生产迁回本国的公司纷纷利用工程手段来抵消高人力成本。

📍contraction 除表示“收缩，缩小”， 还可以表示“（肌肉的）收缩，挛缩；宫缩”举个🌰：Cold causes contraction of the metal. 金属遇冷收缩。

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：受全球疫情冲击，世界经济严重衰退，产业链供应链循环受阻，国际贸易投资萎缩，大宗商品市场动荡。The shock of the COVID-19 pandemic has sent the world economy into severe recession, disrupted industrial and supply chains, and caused a contraction in international trade and investment and volatility in commodity markets.

发展消费新业态新模式，采取减免车辆购置税等措施促进汽车消费，新能源汽车销量增长93.4%，

We fostered new modes and new forms of consumer spending and adopted measures including reductions and exemptions on vehicle purchase tax to boost spending on automobiles. As a result, sales of new-energy vehicles surged by 93.4 percent.

注：

消费新业态新模式

new modes and new forms of consumer spending

减免

reductions and exemptions

车辆购置税

vehicle purchase tax

促进汽车消费

boost spending on automobiles

新能源汽车

new-energy vehicles

📍surge 1）作动词，表示“急剧上升；飞涨；剧增”，英文解释为“If something surges, it increases suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly.”举个🌰：The company's profits have surged. 公司的利润激增。

2）作名词，表示“剧增”，英文解释为“A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly.”举个🌰：An unexpected surge in electrical power caused the computer to crash. 突然出现的电压剧增导致电脑死机。

📍exemption /ɪɡˈzemp.ʃən/ 表示“豁免”，英文解释为“special permission not to do or pay something”举个🌰：Candidates with a qualification in chemistry have exemption from this course. 有化学学历的学生可以免修此课。

「类似表述对比」

2022年报告：对小规模纳税人阶段性免征增值税。A temporary exemption on VAT payments will be granted to small taxpayers.

2021年报告：其中减免社保费1.7万亿元。including 1.7 trillion yuan in social insurance premium cuts and exemptions.

开展绿色智能家电、绿色建材下乡，社会消费品零售总额保持基本稳定。

Initiatives were launched to stimulate spending on green and smart home appliances and green building materials in rural areas. Thanks to these efforts, we kept total retail sales of consumer products generally stable.

注：

绿色智能家电

green and smart home appliances

绿色建材

green building materials

社会消费品零售总额

total retail sales of consumer products

「类似表述对比」

2022年报告：鼓励地方开展绿色智能家电下乡和以旧换新。and encourage local governments to promote spending on green and smart home appliances in rural areas as well as the replacement of old home appliances.

出台金融支持措施，支持刚性和改善性住房需求，扎实推进保交楼稳民生工作。

We adopted financial measures to meet people's demand for buying their first home or improving their housing situation and took concrete steps to ensure that overdue housing projects were completed and delivered to meet people's basic living needs.

注：

支持刚性和改善性住房需求

meet people's demand for buying their first home or improving their housing situation

稳民生-->满足人民基本生活需求

meet people's basic living needs

帮助外贸企业解决原材料、用工、物流等难题，提升港口集疏运效率，及时回应和解决外资企业关切，

We assisted foreign trade enterprises in tackling difficulties relating to raw materials, labor, and logistics, improved loading, unloading and transport efficiency in ports, and responded promptly to the concerns of foreign-funded enterprises and helped resolve their problems.

注：

外贸企业

foreign trade enterprises

外资企业

foreign-funded enterprises

原材料、用工、物流

raw materials, labor, and logistics

港口集疏运效率

loading, unloading and transport efficiency in ports

及时回应

respond promptly

📍港口集疏运，由铁路车辆、汽车、转运船舶等运输工具将货物从腹地集中到港口由船舶运出，或将船舶运进港口的货物疏散到腹地的运输。

货物进出口好于预期，实际使用外资稳定增长。

The volume of trade in goods exceeded expectations, and utilized foreign investment increased steadily.

注：

好于预期

exceed expectations

实际使用外资

utilized foreign investment

针对就业压力凸显，强化稳岗扩就业政策支持。

In response to significant employment pressure, we boosted policy support to stabilize and increase employment.

注：

就业压力凸显-->凸显的就业压力

significant employment pressure

稳岗扩就业

stabilize and increase employment

去年城镇调查失业率一度明显攀升。

Last year, the surveyed urban unemployment rate saw a notable increase for some time.

注：

城镇调查失业率

the surveyed urban unemployment rate

明显攀升

see a notable increase

一度

for some time

财税、金融、投资等政策更加注重稳就业。

Therefore, we put a stronger emphasis on ensuring stable employment when implementing fiscal, tax, financial, and investment policies.

注：

稳就业

ensuring stable employment

更加注重

put a stronger emphasis on

财税、金融、投资等政策

fiscal, tax, financial, and investment policies

对困难行业企业社保费实施缓缴，大幅提高失业保险基金稳岗返还比例，增加稳岗扩岗补助。

We postponed the payment of social insurance premiums by enterprises in distressed sectors, significantly increased the proportion of unemployment insurance funds returned to enterprises to keep payrolls stable, and raised subsidies for stabilizing and increasing employment.

注：

困难行业

distressed sectors

企业社保费实施缓缴

postpone the payment of social insurance premiums

企业社保费

social insurance premiums

失业保险基金

unemployment insurance funds

稳岗

keep payrolls stable

稳岗扩岗

stabilizing and increasing employment

落实担保贷款、租金减免等创业支持政策。

To support business startups, we implemented policies on guaranteed loans and on reducing or waiving the rent for state-owned premises.

注：

担保贷款

guaranteed loans

租金减免

reducing or waiving the rent

📍premises 表示“（尤指公司或机构的）房屋连地基，生产场所，经营厂址，厂区”，英文解释为“the land and buildings owned by someone, especially by a company or organization”举个🌰：The company is relocating to new premises. 该公司要搬到新厂址去。

突出做好高校毕业生就业工作，开展就业困难人员专项帮扶。

We made college graduates employment a priority and provided targeted assistance to people who had difficulty finding employment.

注：

高校毕业生

college graduates

就业困难人员

people who had difficulty finding employment

开展专项帮扶

provide targeted assistance

在重点工程建设中推广以工代赈。

Work-relief programs in major projects were expanded.

注：

以工代赈

work-relief programs

📍以工代赈，“以务工代替赈济”，是指政府投资建设基础设施工程，受赈济者参加工程建设获得劳务报酬，以此取代直接救济的一种扶持政策。

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：扩大以工代赈规模，让返乡农民工能打工、有收入。and expand work-relief programs to ensure that those who return to their homes have a job and income.

2021年报告：延长以工代训政策实施期限。 The duration of policies on work-based training organized by companies will be extended.

脱贫人口务工规模超过3200万人、实现稳中有增。就业形势总体保持稳定。

More than 32 million people were lifted out of poverty with new employment, maintaining a steady increase. Thanks to these efforts, overall employment remained stable.

注：

稳中有增

maintaining a steady increase

针对全球通胀高企带来的影响，以粮食和能源为重点做好保供稳价。

In the face of a global surge in inflation, we strived to ensure market supply and stable prices, particularly those of food and energy.

注：

全球通胀高企

a global surge in inflation

保供稳价

ensure market supply and stable prices

去年全球通胀达到40多年来新高，国内价格稳定面临较大压力。

Last year, global inflation rocketed to a 40-year high, exerting great pressure on domestic price stability.

注：

全球通胀

global inflation

国内价格稳定

domestic price stability

📍rocket作动词除了表示“迅速上升，猛涨”，也可以表示“迅速取得成功；一举成名”，英文解释为“to achieve a successful position very quickly”举个🌰：Their new album rocketed to number one in the charts. 他们的新专辑跃居排行榜首位。

📍exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ 表示“运用；行使（权威、权力等）；施加（影响等）”，英文解释为“to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen”举个🌰： If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision. 如果你能施加你的影响，他们或许会改变决定。

有效应对洪涝、干旱等严重自然灾害，

We responded effectively to major natural disasters such as floods and droughts.

注：

严重自然灾害

major natural disasters

不误农时抢抓粮食播种和收获，督促和协调农机通行，保障农事活动有序开展，

To see that no time was lost during the planting and harvest seasons, we worked to ensure unrestricted movement of agricultural machines on public roads and saw that farming was free from disruptions.

注：

不误农时 抢抓粮食播种和收获

no time was lost during the planting and harvest seasons

农机

agricultural machines

农事活动有序开展

farming was free from disruptions

分三批向种粮农民发放农资补贴，

We issued agricultural supply subsidies to grain growers in three installments.

注：

种粮农民

grain growers

农资补贴 agricultural supply subsidies

📍instalment/installment /ɪnˈstɔːl.mənt/ 表示“（小说分期连载的）一节；（分期付款的）一期”，英文解释为“one of several parts into which a story, plan, or amount of money owed has been divided, so that each part happens or is paid at different times until the end or total is reached”举个🌰：We agreed to pay for the car by/in instalments. 我们同意分期付款购买小汽车。

保障粮食丰收和重要农产品稳定供给。

All this helped ensure good grain harvests and stable supplies of major agricultural products.

注：

保障粮食丰收

ensure good grain harvests

重要农产品

major agricultural products

发挥煤炭主体能源作用，增加煤炭先进产能，加大对发电供热企业支持力度，保障能源正常供应。

We leveraged the role of coal as a major source of energy, increased advanced coal production capacity and stepped up support for power plants and heat-supply enterprises to ensure energy supplies.

注：

发挥...作用

leverage the role of ...

增加煤炭先进产能

increase advanced coal production capacity

发电供热企业

power plants and heat-supply enterprises

在全球高通胀的背景下，我国物价保持较低水平，尤为难得。

Despite high global inflation, we have kept overall prices at a comparatively low level, which is truly remarkable.

注：

全球高通胀

high global inflation

较低水平

at a comparatively low level

尤为难得

be truly remarkable

针对部分群众生活困难增多，强化基本民生保障。

To assist people experiencing increased difficulties in their lives, we bolstered support to ensure their basic living needs.

阶段性扩大低保等社会保障政策覆盖面，将更多困难群体纳入保障范围。

We took time-limited measures to expand the scope of subsistence allowances and other social security policies to cover more groups in difficulty.

注：

阶段性-->有时限的

time-limited

低保

subsistence allowances

社会保障政策

social security policies

困难群体

groups in difficulty

延续实施失业保险保障扩围政策，共向1000多万失业人员发放失业保险待遇。

Continuing the policy on expanding unemployment insurance coverage, we provided unemployment benefits to over 10 million people in total.

注：

失业保险

unemployment insurance

失业保险保障扩围政策

the policy on expanding unemployment insurance coverage

失业保险（待遇）-->失业津贴

unemployment benefits

向更多低收入群众发放价格补贴，约6700万人受益。

We also provided price subsidies for more people on low incomes, benefiting about 67 million in all.

注：

发放价格补贴

provide price subsidies

低收入群众

people on low incomes

免除经济困难高校毕业生2022年国家助学贷款利息并允许延期还本。

We waived interest payments on government-subsidized student loans to college graduates with financial difficulties and granted extensions on the principal repayments for these loans.

注：

经济困难高校毕业生

college graduates with financial difficulties

国家助学贷款

government-subsidized student loans

免除利息

waive interest payments

还本

the principal repayments

做好因疫因灾遇困群众临时救助工作，切实兜住民生底线。

We provided emergency assistance to people hit hard by the epidemic or natural disasters, thus ensuring that the basic living needs of all our people were met.

注：

因疫因灾遇困群众

people hit hard by the epidemic or natural disasters

兜住民生底线

the basic living needs of all our people were met

「类似表述对比」

2022年报告：加强民生兜底保障和遇困群众救助，努力做到应保尽保、应助尽助。 We will do more to meet the people's basic needs, strengthen assistance to people in difficulty, and ensure that our social safety net provides support and assistance to everyone who needs it.

2021年报告Part 17：坚决兜住民生底线。 We are fully determined to ensure that the basic living needs of all our people are met.

2020年报告Part 14：强化兜底保障。 We will work harder to ensure that the basic needs of the poor population are met.

2020年报告Part 16：面对困难，基本民生的底线要坚决兜牢，群众关切的事情要努力办好。 Despite the difficulties we face, we must unfailingly meet the basic living needs of our people and address issues of public concern.

2020年报告Part 7：加强重大风险防控，坚决守住不发生系统性风险底线。Strong prevention and control measures will be taken to forestall systemic risks.

2019年报告：基本民生的底线要坚决兜牢 ensure that the basic living needs of the people are met

2018年报告：强化民生兜底保障。We will strengthen efforts to meet people's basic living needs.

2015年报告：兜底线 ensure there is a cushion in place for those most in need

与此同时，我们全面落实中央经济工作会议部署，按照十三届全国人大五次会议批准的政府工作报告安排，统筹推进经济社会各领域工作。

We also fully implemented the plans set forth at the Central Conference on Economic Work and in the Report on the Work of the Government approved at the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC), and made coordinated advances in all fields of economic and social development.

注：

中央经济工作会议

the Central Conference on Economic Work

政府工作报告

the Report on the Work of the Government

十三届全国人大五次会议

the Fifth Session of the 13th National People's Congress (NPC)

统筹推进

make coordinated advances

经过艰苦努力，当前消费需求、市场流通、工业生产、企业预期等明显向好，

Thanks to our dedicated work, consumer demand, market distribution, industrial production, and business expectations have all markedly improved.

注：

消费需求

consumer demand

市场流通

market distribution

工业生产

industrial production

企业预期

business expectations

明显向好

markedly improve

经济增长正在企稳向上，我国经济有巨大潜力和发展动力。

China's economy is staging a steady recovery and demonstrating vast potential and momentum for further growth.

注：

正在企稳向上

be staging a steady recovery

巨大潜力和发展动力

vast potential and momentum for further growth

「未完待续」

「持续更新中」

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2015年2月8日

2023年3月6日

第2949天

每天持续行动学外语