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CNN:张大千的画作拍卖价,为何超越梵高?

译介 2023-06-20


张大千(1899年5月10日—1983年4月2日)这个名字在中国可以说是家喻户晓。


幼时随母亲习画,18岁东渡日本学习印染,后师从著名书画家曾熙和李瑞清。1969年,迁居美国旧金山,创造了泼彩、泼彩墨艺术。外界称其为“东方毕加索”。


据Artprice数据库年度排名,2016年张大千作品创造的成交总价超过了3.54亿美元,领先梵高等一众画家。


张大千的画作成交价为何会超越梵高?我们一起看文章。




Why this Chinese artist is outselling Van Gogh

为何这位中国画家的画作成交价超越了梵高?

 

Zhang Daqian may not be a household name in the West, but in China -- and the global art market at large -- he is on par with the likes of Warhol and Monet.

张大千的名字在西方或许算不上家喻户晓,但在中国以及整个全球艺术品市场,他与沃霍尔(Warhol)和莫奈(Monet)等人不相上下。

 

A master of classical Chinese painting who later reimagined modern art in his adopted American homeland, Zhang's work spanned traditions from ink landscapes to abstraction. And while the pervasive "Picasso of the East" comparison is misleading stylistically, it nonetheless speaks to his ability to transcend genre -- and the sky-high prices his paintings now command.

张大千是中国古典绘画大师,移居美国后转而构思现代绘画,作品从水墨风景画到抽象画,跨越多种门类。外界常将他比作“东方毕加索”,虽然这一说法带有误导性,不过仍然说明了他超越流派的实力,这也是其画作如今创出天价的原因。



In April, almost 40 years after his death, Zhang's 1947 painting "Landscape after Wang Ximeng" became his most expensive work ever to sell at auction, fetching $47 million at Sotheby's in Hong Kong.

4月份,在张大千去世近40年后,他于1947年创作的《仿王希孟〈千里江山图〉》在香港苏富比拍卖现场以4700万美元成交,刷新其画作拍卖出的最高价。

 

It was just the latest in a string of major sales. The artist's work generated more than $354 million at auction in 2016, exceeding any other artist -- dead or alive -- in the world that year, according to an annual ranking produced by the Artprice database. Last year, he finished 6th in that same list, ahead of market heavyweights like Vincent van Gogh and Banksy.

《仿王希孟〈千里江山图〉》只是高价成交的一系列张大千画作中的最新一幅。根据Artprice数据库的年度排名,在2016年的拍卖活动中,张大千作品创造的成交总价超过了3.54亿美元,高于世界上其他任何一位已故或健在画家当年的拍卖成交总价。去年,张大千在这一榜单上位居第六,领先于梵高(Vincent van Gogh)和班克西(Banksy)等艺术品市场上的国际重量级人物。

 

This may only be the tip of the iceberg, said San Francisco State University art professor Mark Johnson.

旧金山州立大学艺术学教授马克·约翰逊(Mark Johnson)表示,这可能只是张大千作品的“冰山一角”。

 

"There's been a quick escalation in value as his genius is more widely recognized," said Johnson, who co-curated a 2019 exhibition of Zhang's work at San Francisco's Asian Art Museum, in a phone interview. "I think prices will double soon," he added, saying that "ignorance" about Zhang among Western museums and collectors is keeping prices "relatively low."

约翰逊在接受电话采访时说:“随着张大千的天赋得到更广泛的认可,其画作价值迅速攀升。”他在旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆共同策划了2019年张大千作品展。“我认为价格很快就会翻倍”,他补充说,西方博物馆和收藏家对张大千的“无知”,使得画作价格“相对较低” 。

 

"There's no question that Zhang Daqian is one of the most important artists of the 20th century. His work referenced global culture and, at the same time, was deeply embedded in Chinese classical culture," Johnson said, calling him the "first really global Chinese artist."

约翰逊说:“毫无疑问,张大千是20世纪最重要的画家之一。他的作品借鉴了全球文化,同时深深植根于中国古典文化。”约翰逊称他为“第一个真正全球化的中国画家。”

 

Born in Sichuan, southwest China, at the turn of the 20th century, Zhang (whose name is also romanized as Chang Dai-chien) was a prodigious talent from a young age. Taught to paint by his mother, he claimed that as a teen he was captured by bandits and studied poetry using their looted books.

19世纪末20世纪交替之际,张大千(罗马拼音为Chang Dai-chien)出生于中国西南的四川,从小就有惊人的天赋。张大千自幼随母亲习画,自称在十几岁时遭土匪绑走,用土匪掠夺的书籍学习诗歌。

 

After studying textile-dyeing and weaving in Japan, he trained under the renowned calligraphers and painters Zeng Xi and Li Ruiqing in Shanghai. Copying classical Chinese masterpieces was fundamental to his education, and Zhang learned to skillfully replicate the great artists of the Ming and Qing dynasties (and later became a highly-skilled forger).

他在日本学习印染和编织之后,在上海师从著名书画家曾熙和李瑞清。模仿中国经典名作是张大千绘画学习过程中十分重要的一环,他能将明清时期绘画大师的作品模仿得惟妙惟肖(后来成了一名仿品绘制高手)。

 


He made a name for himself as an artist in the 1930s, before spending two years studying -- and painstakingly copying -- the colorful Buddhist cave murals at Dunhuang, in Gansu province. This experience had a profound impact on his art. As well as honing his figurative painting skills, Zhang soon started using a broader range of opulent colors in his work, reviving their popularity in Chinese art "virtually single handedly," Johnson said.

张大千在20世纪30年代成为知名画家,之后他用两年时间在甘肃敦煌研究并精心临摹色彩鲜艳的佛教石窟壁画。这段经历对他的艺术道路产生深远影响。约翰逊说,除了磨练具象绘画技巧外,张大千很快就开始在作品中使用更广泛的华丽色彩,“几乎仅凭一己之力”让它们在中国艺术领域重新流行起来。

 

"It basically revolutionized the potential for classical Chinese painting, because it revealed this incredibly sumptuous, rich and sensual palette that had been eschewed for a drier or more scholarly look," Johnson said.

约翰逊说:“它基本上彻底改变了中国古典绘画的潜力,因为它展示了这种华美丰富、赏心悦目、令人难以置信的色彩搭配,避免了更为单调乏味且更为学院派的画风。”

 

Zhang left China in the early 1950s, living in Argentina and Brazil before settling in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. In 1956, he famously met and exchanged paintings with Picasso in Paris, a moment billed in the press as a great meeting between East and West. When Picasso asked Zhang to critique some of his Chinese-style artworks, the latter diplomatically suggested that the Spanish master did not possess the right tools and later gifted him a selection of Chinese brushes.

20世纪50年代初,张大千离开中国,曾在阿根廷和巴西生活,后来定居美国加利福尼亚州的海滨小镇卡梅尔。1956年,张大千在法国拜访毕加索,两人互赠作品,这一时刻被媒体誉为东西方的一次盛会。毕加索请张大千评价他的一些中国风作品,张大千委婉地暗示这位西班牙大师没有合适的工具,后来挑选了一些中国画笔赠给毕加索。

 


As well as opening him to wider artistic influences, Zhang's new life overseas heralded the most important stylistic shift in his career: A new, abstract style dubbed "pocai," or splashed-color.

除了受到更广泛艺术风格的影响外,张大千在海外的新生活也预示着他艺术生涯中最重要的风格转变:一种被称为“泼彩”的新式抽象画风。


This shift was also, partly, the result of his deteriorating eyesight. Exacerbated by diabetes, Zhang's declining vision made it hard for him to see fine detail. Figurative forms and defined brushwork were replaced with swirls of color and deep ink blotches. Mountains, trees and rivers were still present, but their shapes were only hinted at, rendered in gentle lines and indistinct forms as if a mist had descended over the vista.

这种转变部分也缘于他眼疾恶化。因糖尿病加剧导致视力衰退,张大千难以看清画上的细节。具象的画法和精细的笔触被一团团彩色或墨色的色块所取代。山脉、树木和河流还在,但轮廓隐隐绰绰,以柔和的线条和模糊的形态呈现出来,仿佛一团薄雾笼罩着的远景。

 

Zhang maintained that his approach was rooted in Chinese tradition. Usually seen in long robes and sporting a flowing white beard -- even decades after moving to the US -- he attributed his new style to the ancient painter Wang Mo.

张大千坚持认为,这样的画法基于中国传统绘画技巧。甚至在移居美国几十年之后,他还常常穿着长袍,留着飘逸的白胡子。他将自己的新风格归功于古代画家王默。

 


今日词汇


outsell vt.卖得比……多

household adj. 家喻户晓的

on par with 与……同等水平

stylistically / staɪˈlɪstɪkli / adv. 在文体上

transcend / trænˈsend / v. 超出,超越

genre / ˈʒɒnrə / n. 体裁,类型,流派

sky-high adj. 极高的;高昂的

heavyweight n. 有影响力的人(或物)

the tip of the iceberg 冰山一角

co-curate v. 共同策划

curate /ˈkjʊərət/

v. 操持(收藏品或展品的)展出

pocai 泼彩

 

 

翻译讨论


"It basically revolutionized the potential for classical Chinese painting, because it revealed this incredibly sumptuous, rich and sensual palette that had been eschewed for a drier or more scholarly look," Johnson said.

约翰逊说:“它基本上彻底改变了中国古典绘画的潜力,因为它揭示了这种令人难以置信的华美、丰富和感性的色彩,而这种色彩一直避免用于一个更干或更学院派的外观。”

  

本段出现了许多形容词,如incredibly sumptuous, rich and sensual palette。

 

原译文“令人难以置信的华美、丰富和感性的色彩”翻译得不是太通顺。

 

碰到这种情况可以适当调整语句,还可用上四字词,让译文更加紧凑。

 

此外,句末had been eschewed for a drier or more scholarly look,翻成“而这种色彩一直避免用于一个更干或更学院派的外观”读起来也有翻译腔。

 

这里的dry并不是表示干,而是指“枯燥乏味”

 

sensual指“感官的;愉悦感官的”,而非“感性的”。

 

调整后的译文如下:

 

约翰逊说:“它基本上彻底改变了中国古典绘画的潜力,因为它展示了这种华美丰富、赏心悦目、令人难以置信的色彩搭配,避免了更为单调乏味且更为学院派的画风。”

 


你有更好的版本吗?欢迎留言哦!



译者:应用型笔译班学员Simon Gu

审校:Jennifer

英文来源:CNN

*对应译文由译介翻译团队完成,仅供参考,不当之处欢迎大家在评论区讨论!转载请注明来源!

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