CATTI备考 | 2020年6月热词一览

六月热词汇总

*信息来源：China Daily

未成年人司法保护 
judicial protection work of minors

The number of crimes committed by minors has rebounded in the last two years, and the number of crimes against minors is also increasing, according to a white paper released by the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Monday.

最高人民检察院发布的白皮书显示，近两年，未成年人犯罪数量有所回升、侵害未成年人犯罪数量呈上升态势。

The white book reviewed judicial protection work of minors from 2014 to 2019.
白皮书全面梳理总结了2014至2019年全国检察机关未成年人司法保护工作。

知识拓展

“Minor”这个词用法很多，可以用作动词、名词和形容词。

在法律上，minor指未满18岁的人，即“未成年人”。在学校里，minor可以指“辅修（课程）”或者“辅修生”，与major（专业）相对。
比如：
I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.
我辅修计算机科学。

用作形容词的时候，minor也是与major相对的，表示“次要的、轻微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.（她在电影里扮演过一些小角色。）

英语中关于“青少年犯罪”有一个固定的说法juvenile delinquency/juvenile offending，juvenile指“未成年、青少年”，也可以形容某人“孩子气的、幼稚的”。Delinquency这个词指“违法行为”，尤指青少年的违法行为，实施违法行为的青少年就可以称为delinquent。

武汉集中核酸检测 
mass nucleic aicd testing

Lu Zuxun, a public health professor at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, said from May 14 to June 1, the city conducted nucleic acid tests on 9,899,828 residents and reported 300 asymptomatic cases who show no clear symptoms despite carrying the virus. No confirmed COVID-19 cases were found in the process, and all the 1,174 people in close contact have tested negative for the infection, according to Lu.
华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院教授卢祖洵介绍，5月14日0时至6月1日24时，武汉市集中核酸检测9899828人，没有发现确诊病例，检出无症状感染者300名，追踪密切接触者1174名，其核酸检测结果均为阴性。

国家自主贡献 
nationally determined contributions

China will fully implement its commitment to nationally determined contributions (NDCs) on climate change under the Paris climate agreement despite the coronavirus outbreak, according to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
生态环境部表示，我国将克服新冠肺炎疫情影响，坚决完成《巴黎气候协定》中承诺的气候变化国家自主贡献目标。

知识拓展

国家自主贡献（nationally determined contributions）指根据《联合国气候变化框架公约（the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change）》缔约方会议相关决定，提出的中国应对气候变化的强化行动和措施（enhanced actions and measures on climate change）。

航班熔断机制
"circuit breaker“mechanism for airlines

The Civil Aviation Administration of China, along with multiple departments including the National Health Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, will introduce a "reward" and "circuit breaker" mechanism for airlines based on passenger nucleic acid test results upon arrival in order to contain the number of imported cases of COVID-19.
民航局与国家卫健委以及外交部等多部门将推出以落地后乘客核酸检测结果为依据的航班奖励和熔断机制，以控制新冠肺炎输入病例。

中新“快捷通道” 
China-Singapore fast lane

Starting Monday, people from Singapore and six Chinese municipalities and provinces can make essential business or official trips without having to go through the required 14-day quarantine period.
从6月8日起，新加坡和中国6个省市的人员可以进行必要的商务和公务往来，无需完成此前要求的14天隔离。

知识拓展

根据外交部发言人赵立坚介绍，中新“快捷通道（ China-Singapore fast lane）”是指：双方有需要的商务和公务人员（business and official travelers）可通过对方负责接待的企业和政府机构提出申请（applications submitted by the companies or government departments to receive them in the destination country），经主管部门审批同意后，有关人员可按规定申请签证，经离境前健康监测和入境后检疫检测合格，可以缩短入境后的隔离时间，其后按闭环原则全程接受有效管理（their whole stay in the destination country will be effectively managed, forming a closed loop to ensure safety）。

重点人群 
key population groups

国务院联防联控机制综合组6月8日公布了《关于加快推进新冠病毒核酸检测的实施意见》。意见明确，我国核酸检测将对重点人群“应检尽检”，其他人群“愿检尽检”。

China will continue to make nucleic acid testing compulsory among all key groups and available for those who ask to be tested, according to the guideline.

重点人群包括：

close contact with COVID-19 cases
密切接触者

inbound travelers
境外入境人员

patients in fever clinics
发热门诊患者

new inpatients and their caregivers
新住院患者及陪护人员

staff working at medical institutions
医疗机构工作人员

quarantine and inspection staff at ports and borders
口岸检疫和边防检查人员

staff working at prisons and detention houses
监所工作人员

nursing home workers
社会福利养老机构工作人员

留学预警 
alert for overseas study

Major Australian universities plan to resume classes in July, yet the COVID-19 pandemic has not been properly contained globally and there are still risks concerning international travel and opening schools, the ministry said.
澳大利亚主要高校计划于7月前后陆续开学。全球新冠肺炎疫情扩散蔓延势头没有得到有效控制，国际旅行和开放校园存在风险。

There have been also incidents of discrimination against Asians in Australia, it said.
疫情期间，澳大利亚发生多起针对亚裔的歧视性事件。

The ministry suggested that students and scholars should take a more prudent approach toward studying in the country, it added.
教育部提醒广大留学人员谨慎选择赴澳或返澳学习。

知识拓展

Prudent这个词经常表示“谨慎的，小心的”或者“稳重的，精明的”等意思，比如在《政府工作报告》中常见的“稳健的货币政策”就是prudent monetary policy，投资市场中“谨慎的投资者”是prudent investor，职场前辈给后辈的“中肯建议”是prudent advice

强降雨 
torrential downpours

More than 20 people were killed or remain missing after torrential downpours unleashed floods in South China. The rain-triggered floods had affected some 2.63 million people in 11 provincial-level regions as of 2 pm Tuesday, the Ministry of Emergency Management said. The heavy rain forced the relocation of about 228,000 people, destroyed over 1,300 houses and brought direct economic losses of over 4 billion yuan (about $566 million), the ministry said.
强降雨引发的华南地区洪水已经导致20多人死亡或失踪。应急管理部表示，截至6月9日14时，降雨导致的洪涝灾害已造成11省（区、市）近263万人次受灾，22.8万人次紧急转移安置；1300余间房屋倒塌；直接经济损失超过40亿元。

知识拓展

在英文报道中，讲到“降雨”时通常会出现rain、drizzle、downpour、shower等词汇。其中，rain是“雨”的总称，我们通过在这个词的前面添加不同的形容词来表示不同程度的降雨，比如：heavy rain（大雨）、light rain（小雨）、中雨（moderate rain）、暴雨（torrential rain）、大暴雨（downpour）、特大暴雨（heavy downpour）。

国歌条例
National Anthem Ordinance

The National Anthem Ordinance provides for the playing and singing, protection and promotion of the national anthem to preserve the dignity of the country, enhance the sense of national identity among citizens and promote patriotism.
《国歌条例》为奏唱、保护及推广国歌订定条文，以维护国家的尊严，增强公民的国家观念，弘扬爱国精神。

The offences stipulated in the Ordinance only concern the misuse of the national anthem, or public and intentional acts with an intent to insult the national anthem.
《国歌条例》所订明的罪行只涉及不当使用国歌，或公开、故意、意图侮辱国歌的行为。

知识拓展

在法律用语中，ordinance多指地方性法规（a law, usually one made by a city or regional government）；

regulation则多指行政机关或公司等组织机构制定的规章或者规定，比如，safety regulations，corporate regulations等。

本土疫情 
domestically transmitted COVID-19 cases

Experts said it is extremely unlikely for seafood like salmon to be the carrier of the novel coronavirus, which was found on cutting boards for imported salmon at Beijing's Xinfadi wholesale market.
北京新发地批发市场切三文鱼的案板中检测到了新冠病毒，专家表示，像三文鱼之类的海鲜不太可能成为新冠病毒的载体。

抗疫特别国债
special government bonds for COVID-19 control

今年的《政府工作报告》提出：

The deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at more than 3.6 percent, with a deficit increase of one trillion yuan over last year. On top of this, one trillion yuan of government bonds for covid-19 control will also be issued. These are extraordinary measures for an unusual time.
今年赤字率拟按3.6%以上安排，财政赤字规模比去年增加1万亿元，同时发行1万亿元抗疫特别国债。这是特殊时期的特殊举措。

应急响应级别
the emergency response level

在6月16日晚间召开的北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控工作新闻发布会上，北京市人民政府副秘书长陈蓓表示，经北京新冠肺炎疫情防控工作领导小组研究，按程序报批后，确定自6月16日起北京市突发公共卫生应急响应级别由三级调至二级（upgraded the emergency response to COVID-19 from level III to II）。

北京市应急响应级别由三级调至二级后，将坚持“九严格”措施，包括严格社区封闭式管理（closed-off management）和健康监测（health monitoring）；严格公共交通体温检测和公共场所测温验码等措施；严格进出京管控等。

日环食
annular solar eclipse

People in quite a few places in China witnessed on Sunday the most anticipated celestial event of the year, an annular solar eclipse.The entire eclipse lasted about three and a half hours, but its duration as it passed over individual locations was equal to around 90 seconds.
6月21日，我国多地民众观赏到了最受期待的年度天文盛景“日环食”。整个“日环食”持续近三个半小时，不过在单个地点的持续时间约90秒。

北斗卫星导航系统
Beidou Navigation Satellite  System

The launch marked the completion of the in-orbit construction of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) , the country's largest space-based system and one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States' GPS, Russia's GLONASS and the European Union's Galileo.
此次发射标志着北斗全球卫星导航系统在轨部署完成，北斗系统是我国最大的空间导航系统，也是四个全球导航系统之一，其他三个分别为美国全球定位系统、俄罗斯格洛纳斯以及欧盟伽利略。

家暴人员婚姻登记查询系统
inquiry system for domestic violence prior to marriage registration

An inquiry system for domestic violence prior to marriage registration - the first of its kind in China - will be put into use in Yiwu, Zhejiang province, starting July 1, allowing people to check if their would-be partners have a criminal record related to beating or abusing family members.
7月1日起，我国首个涉家庭暴力人员婚姻登记查询系统将在浙江省义乌市开通，人们可以通过该系统查询未来的另一半是否有殴打或虐待家庭成员的记录。

根据意见，纳入家庭暴力注册簿登记范围的包括三种情况：

2017年起至今因实施家庭暴力行为被判处刑罚的人员（those who have been convicted over family violence）并实时更新；

2017年起至今因实施家庭暴力行为被人民法院裁定受人身安全保护令限制的人员（those who have been subjected to restraining orders over family violence）并实时更新；

2017年起至今因实施家庭暴力行为被公安机关处以行政拘留处罚的人员（those who have been sentenced to detention over domestic violence）并实时更新。

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