每周分子 | Molecule of the Week
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每周分子：支链淀粉
Molecule of the Week: Amylopectin
如果要为大餐烹调肉汁，你需要一些淀粉(starch或amylum)。淀粉是植物中储存能量的成分，就像动物储存脂肪一样。玉米、小麦和土豆尤其富含淀粉。
淀粉由复合碳水化合物组成，其中主要成分是支链淀粉(约占淀粉比重的70-80%)和直链淀粉(剩余20-30%比重)。两种成分都由α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基单元构成的链所组成。二者的区别在于：支链淀粉是一种支链聚合物，其葡萄糖单元以α-1,4-糖苷键和α-1,6-糖苷键相连；而直链淀粉是一种螺旋聚合物，其葡萄糖单元仅以α-1,4-糖苷键相连。
支链淀粉和直链淀粉不溶于水，但用它们来增稠和稳定肉汁、酱汁以及汤等水基混合物，效果出色。支链淀粉具有优异的成膜性，常用于制造可食用的食品包衣。淀粉也可用于纺织品的上浆，利用晶体结构的重排来增加刚性。
支链淀粉信息速览
【关于每周分子】
自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的SciFinder中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧。
If you’re making gravy for your meal, you’ll need some starch. Also, called amylum, starch is the component of plants that stores energy, much as animals store fats. Corn, wheat, and potatoes are especially rich in starch.
Starch consists of complex carbohydrates; the most abundant are amylopectin (≈70–80 wt% of starch) and amylose1 (the remaining ≈20–30 wt%). Both constituents are made up of chains of α-D-glucopyranosyl units. The difference between the two is that amylopectin is a branched-chain polymer that contains 1→4 and 1→6 α-D-glucopyranosyl linkages. Amylose is a helical polymer with only 1→4 α-D-glucopyranosyl linkages.
Amylopectin and amylose are insoluble in water; but as starch they do an excellent job of thickening and stabilizing water-based mixtures such as gravy, sauces, and soups. Amylopectin has excellent film-forming properties and is used to make edible food coatings. Its presence in starch also makes it useful for sizing textiles; it adds rigidity by reordering into crystalline structures. Science Direct has more information about the chemistry and uses of amylopectin.
Amylopectinfast facts
About Molecule of the Week
MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using SciFinder. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.
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