MTI备考之M君讲翻译⑱
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孤儿作为社会上的弱势群体，我们应该怎样去帮助他们？将他们放在孤儿院吗？也许孤儿院有不错的条件能保证这些可怜的生命免受饥寒，但在孤儿院生活对他们来说并不是最好的选择，因为孤儿院的环境不利于孩子的智力发展。今天的M君讲翻译系列带来的是一篇科普文章，赶快跟着M君一起翻起来吧！
Day Day Up
原文：
The researchers approached Romania officials in the late 1990s about conducting the study. The country had been working to improve conditions at its orphanages, which became infamous in the early 1990s as Dickensian warehouses for abandoned children. After gaining clearance from the government, the researchers began to track 136 children who had been abandoned at birth. They administered developmental tests to the children, and then randomly assigned them to continue at one of Bucharest's six large orphanages, or join an adoptive family. The foster families were carefully screened and provided "very high-quality care".
On I. Q. tests taken at 54 months, the foster children scored an average of 81, compared to 73 among the children who continued in an institution. The children who moved into foster care at the youngest ages tended to show the most improvement, the researchers found. The comparison group of youngsters who grew up in their biological families had an average I. Q. of 109 at the same age. "Institutions and environments vary enormously across the world and within countries, but I think these findings generalize to many situations, from kids in institutions to those in abusive households and even bad foster care arrangements."
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翻译要点：
foster care 家庭领养
orphanage 孤儿院
screen 筛选
1. The country had been working to improve conditions at its orphanages, which became infamous in the early 1990s as Dickensian warehouses for abandoned children.
英国著名作家狄更斯出身贫寒，不到十岁，便被迫到一处阴暗的仓库做童工。这一段悲惨经历后来反复出现在其作品中。他成功刻画了多个贫苦无助的儿童形象，真切描绘出他们境遇的艰辛，催人泪下。文中使用“狄更斯小说式的仓库”，以表现90年代早期罗马尼亚孤儿院的条件之恶劣。
2. On I. Q. tests taken at 54 months, the foster children scored an average of 81, compared to 73 among the children who continued in an institution.
英语的词汇衔接，可通过重复、上下义、近义、反义等手法。而重复占的比例较近义或上下义要低，而汉语中通过词汇的重复达到衔接的情况更加多见。因此本句中“institution”与上文中“orphanage”呼应，如翻译成“机构”，会造成一定困惑，直接点明为“孤儿院”更符合汉语习惯。
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