首例移植猪心脏者术后两月死亡！他的儿子这么说……
不知道关注译介的伙伴们还有没有印象，一月份我们发了一篇标题为《全球首例猪心脏移植手术成功实施》的双语精读解析。
然而，今天却传来一个不幸的消息，这位接受手术的先生于周二去世了。
David Bennett, 57, who received a pig heart in January in place of his own failing one, died Tuesday. Bennett was the first patient ever to receive an animal organ genetically modified to prevent rejection in a person.
57岁的大卫·班尼特于周二去世。他在一月份接受了猪心脏移植手术，用来代替自己快要衰竭的心脏。班尼特是有史以来第一个接受经过基因编辑的动物器官来避免排异反应的病人。
① 大卫·班尼特移植的是一颗“经过基因编辑”的猪心脏
“经过基因编辑的”可以用genetically modified 来表达。
modify /'mɒdɪfaɪ/ 表示“修改，更改”
genetically /dʒəˈnetɪkli/ 的形容词形式 genetic /dʒɪ'netɪk/ 指“基因的，遗传学的”
例：
genetic defects 遗传性缺陷
each person’s genetic make-up 每个人的遗传性格
genetic research 基因研究
② 这一段中 rejection /ri'dʒekʃən/ 可不是指“拒绝；否决”，它指的是医学上的“排异反应”
排异反应（rejection）是异体组织进入有免疫活性宿主的不可避免的结果，属于一种免疫过程。
There was no obvious cause identified at the time of his death, hospital spokeswoman Deborah Kotz said, and researchers plan to conduct a thorough review of his death and publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal.
医院发言人黛博拉·科茨表示，尚未发现班尼特先生的明确死亡原因，研究人员计划对他的死因进行彻底调查，并会将结果发表在同行评议的期刊上。
名词短语 peer review /ˌpɪə rɪˈvju：/ 指“同行审查；同业审查”
从广义上说，“同行审查”是指某一或若干领域的一些专家共同对涉及上述领域的一项知识产品进行评价的活动。
peer-reviewed 是合成词，reviewed 为动词的过去分词形式。
review /rɪ'vju:/ 有“审查，检查；点评，评论”的意思。
我们平时在美食app上发表的“点评”也可以用 review 来表示。
例句：
The company hired Bob to conduct an independent review of their workplace procedures.
公司聘请鲍勃对他们的工作规程进行独立审查。（作名词）
I only go to see films that are reviewed favourably.
我只去看那些获得好评的电影。（作动词）
The play got excellent reviews when it was first seen.
这部剧首演就获得了极高的评价。（作名词）
“We are devastated by the loss of Mr. Bennett. He proved to be a brave and noble patient who fought all the way to the end. We extend our sincerest condolences to his family,” Dr. Bartley Griffith, surgeon who led Bennett's transplant said in a statement. “Mr. Bennett became known by millions of people around the world for his courage and steadfast will to live.”
“我们对班尼特先生的逝世感到悲痛万分。事实证明，他是一个勇敢而高尚的病人，一直战斗到生命的最后一刻。我们向他的家人表示最诚挚的哀悼。”领导班尼特移植手术的外科医生巴特利·格里菲斯在一份声明中说到：“班尼特先生因其勇气和坚定的生命意志而被全世界数百万人所熟知。”
① “向……表达最诚挚的哀悼”是extend our sincerest condolences to...
其中，condolence /kən'dəʊl(ə)ns/ 指：
sympathy for someone who has had something bad happen to them, especially when someone has died〔尤指有人去世时所表示的〕同情，吊唁
“表示哀悼”还可以说成：
send/offer your condolences (=formally express your sympathy when someone has died)
② 这段中，transplant 做名词，指：the operation of transplanting an organ, piece of skin etc〔器官、皮肤等的〕移植（手术）
它还有个名词形式：
transplantation /ˌtrænsplɑːnˈteɪʃn/
例：
heart transplant surgery 心脏移植手术
a bone marrow transplant 骨髓移植
③ 接受移植手术的班尼特先生有着“坚定的”生命意志，文中用了 steadfast 来表示。
steadfast /'stedfɑːst/ 的意思是：
being certain that you are right about something and refusing to change your opinion in any way 坚定的，毫不动摇的
它常和in搭配使用。
例句：
Dr. Faraday remained steadfast in his plea of innocence.
法拉第医生坚持自己无罪的抗辩。
The investigative surgery, although it only added two months to Bennett's life, informed the field of xenotransplantation, which hopes to help solve the human organ shortage.
这项研究性质的手术虽然只延长了班尼特两个月的生命，但却影响了异种移植领域。该领域希望能够帮助解决人类器官短缺的问题。
前面提到，transplantation 是“移植”，加上前缀xeno- 就变成：xenotransplantation
读作 /ˌziːnəʊˌtrænsplɑːnˈteɪʃn/，表示“异种移植”。
下面给大家科普下“异种移植”吧~
异种移植指将一个物种的组织移植到另一个物种体内，例如，从猪到人。和同种移植不同的是，异种之间存在很大差异，从而使得这种移植成功的可能性很小。
“We have gained invaluable insights learning that the genetically modified pig heart can function well within the human body while the immune system is adequately suppressed,” Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin, an expert in interspecies transplants who was involved in Bennett's care and at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, said in a statement. “We remain optimistic and plan on continuing our work in future clinical trials.”
参与班尼特治疗的种间移植专家、马里兰大学医学院的穆罕默德·莫希丁医生在一份声明中说：“我们对此已经有了宝贵的深刻见解，了解到在免疫系统受到充分抑制的情况下，转基因猪心脏仍可以在人体中很好地运作。”我们仍然很乐观，计划在未来的临床试验中继续我们的工作。”
interspecies /ˌɪntərˈspɪʃɪz/ 表示“种间”
前缀 inter- 表示“在…之间，其间，相互~
比如，我们再熟悉不过的 international 就是由 inter- 和 national 组成，国家间的，即“国际的”。
例句：
This technique limits interspecies breeding and ensures the parent fish will pass on their specialized jaws.
这项技能会限制跨物种繁殖，确保它们能够将特有的颌遗传给下一代。
Interspecies transmission of these viruses to humans poses a major threat to public health.
禽到人的跨种间病毒传播给人类的公共健康造成了重大威胁。
Bennett was bedridden and on a heart-lung bypass machine at the University of Maryland Medical Center from October 2021 until the transplant surgery.
从2021年10月到接受移植手术前，班尼特一直在马里兰大学医学中心卧床不起，用心肺机延续生命。
He was not eligible for a human heart transplant because he had not been compliant with earlier medical recommendations. Studies have shown that patients who do not follow doctors' orders do not do well with an organ transplant and only a very limited number of human hearts are available for transplant. Bennett was also not a good candidate for an artificial heart pump because of an erratic heartbeat.
由于早先没有遵从医疗建议，所以他没办法进行人类心脏移植。研究表明，不遵医嘱的病人在器官移植中表现不佳，而且只有非常有限的人类心脏可供移植。班尼特也不适合使用人工心脏泵，因为他的心跳不稳定。
eligible /'elɪdʒɪb(ə)l/ 表示：
someone who is eligible for something is able or allowed to do it, for example because they are the right age 合格的；有资格的
用法：be eligible to do sth
例句：
Over 500,000 18-year-olds will become eligible to vote this year.
今年会有超过 50 万年满 18 岁的人有资格参加投票。
When he learned he had no other options, he agreed to be the first person to receive a gene-edited pig heart, which he hoped would be a bridge until he could prove himself worthy of a human heart.
当他得知自己别无选择时，他同意成为第一个接受基因编辑猪心脏的人，他希望能把这次移植当作跳板，等符合资格了再接受人类心脏移植。
这段的 gene-edited 和前面提到 genetically modified 一样，都可以表示表示“基因编辑的”。
提了这么多次的“基因编辑”到底是什么呢？
基因编辑，又称基因组编辑或基因组工程，是一种新兴的比较精确的能对生物体基因组特定目标基因进行修饰的一种基因工程技术或过程。以其能够高效率地进行定点基因组编辑， 在基因研究、基因治疗和遗传改良等方面展示出了巨大的潜力。
小编查找资料后了解到，文中班尼特先生移植的猪心脏就是去除了引发超快速排斥反应的猪基因，并添加了人类基因来帮助身体接受器官。
▲ 另外，细心的小伙伴可能会发现，小编将 bridge 意译成了“跳板”。另外，它还可指IT术语里的“桥接模式”。
你觉得这里的bridge还可以怎么翻呢？欢迎留言讨论！
His new heart performed well for weeks, without any signs of rejection. Extremely weak from so much time in bed, Bennett was receiving rehabilitation and was able to sit up and watch the Super Bowl, with his physical therapist, even singing along with a performance of "America the Beautiful." He often told his caregivers how much he wanted to get home to his dog Lucky.
他的新心脏在数周内表现良好，没有任何排异的迹象。由于长期卧床，班尼特身体极度虚弱，他正在接受康复治疗，已经能够坐起来，和护理人员一起观看超级碗比赛，甚至跟着电视里的表演哼起《美丽的阿美利加》。他常向护理人员提起，他特别希望能回家看他的小狗Lucky。
His son said he hopes his father's experience will eventually help many others live far longer with transplanted pig organs.
他的儿子说，希望他父亲的经历能帮到许多人，希望他们最终能够通过猪器官移植活得更久。
"We hope this story can be the beginning of hope and not the end," he said. "We pray that those looking for hope will continue to fight for the future, fight for new ideas, fight for answers, fight for life. Fight like Dave."
“我们希望这个故事能成为希望的开端，而不是终结。”他说，“我们祈祷那些追求希望的人们将继续为未来而战，为新想法而战，为答案而战，为生命而战。像我父亲大卫一样战斗。”
虽然班尼特先生接受猪心脏移植后仅存活了两个月，但正如他的儿子所说，但这次手术为许许多多人点燃起希望的火苗。
愿种间移植领域能取得更大的进展，愿世人远离病痛。
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