哈佛医学院：减肥总失败？是你eating dinner too...
吃减脂餐、拼命运动，减了好久肥，体重还是一直没下去？近日哈佛医学院的研究人员做了个试验，结果显示，减肥不成功可能是因为晚饭吃的太晚。
究竟是怎么一回事呢？我们看文章！
Healthy living habits include eating dinner earlier — it may also help keep weight down
健康的生活习惯包括早点吃晚餐 — 这也有助于减肥
The time you eat dinner in the evening significantly affects how many calories you burn during the day, your appetite and your adipose — or fat — tissue in your body, according to a study done by Harvard Medical School investigators at Brigham and Women’s Hospital.
根据美国哈佛医学院研究人员在布莱根妇女医院（Brigham and Women’s Hospital）的一项研究表明，你在晚上吃晚餐的时间会明显影响白天所消耗的卡路里、食欲和体内脂肪组织。
The study, published in Cell Metabolism, found that late eating doubled the odds of being hungry, as compared to early eating.
发表在国际代谢领域顶尖杂志《细胞代谢》（Cell Metabolism）上的这项研究发现，与早进食相比，晚进食会使饥饿的几率增加一倍。
"Accumulating data suggest that eating earlier in the day is associated with lower body weight and improved weight loss success," senior author Frank A.J.L. Scheer, Ph.D., professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and director of the medical chronobiology program at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston told Fox News Digital.
哈佛医学院教授、波士顿布莱根妇女医院医学生物钟学项目（medical chronobiology program）的主任、资深作者弗兰克 A.J.L. 希尔博士告诉福克斯新闻数字频道（Fox News Digital）：“累计数据表明，早进食与降低体重和提高减肥成功率有关。”
Scheer, who is a neuroscientist as well, said the study simultaneously looked at three mechanisms in the body that could explain weight gain associated with eating late.
希尔也是一位神经学家。他说，这项研究同时观察了身体中的三种机制，它们能够解释体重增加与晚进食有关。
The researchers said previous studies suggested that eating late is associated with a higher risk of obesity and decreased success with losing weight — and the team wanted to understand why.
研究人员表示，之前的研究表明，较高的肥胖风险和减肥成功率降低与晚进食有关，研究团队想了解这其中的原因。
"The three [mechanisms] were hunger regulation, how many calories we burn and changes in our fat tissue," Scheer said.
希尔接着解释道：“这三种（机制）是饥饿调节、卡路里燃烧数量以及脂肪组织的变化。”
Sixteen participants in the study, he said, stayed in a laboratory to allow the investigators to control for other factors, such as how much and what participants ate, their level of physical activity, their sleep and the environmental temperature and light exposure — which may otherwise influence their measurements.
他说，在实验室里，研究人员能够更好地控制16名参与者的其他实验因素，比如参与者吃了多少、吃了什么、他们的体育活动水平、睡眠以及环境温度和光照，这些因素都可能影响他们的测量结果。
"We found that late eating influenced all three biological mechanisms, all in the direction that would promote weight gain," said Scheer.
希尔说：“我们发现，晚进食对这三种生物机制都具有影响，从而导致体重增加。”
"Late eating increased hunger and appetite across the day (including related hormones), decreased the amount of calories burned across the day and changed molecular pathways in fat tissue that would promote fat growth."
“晚进食增加了一天的饥饿感和食欲（包括相关激素），减少了一天内卡路里的燃烧数量，并改变了脂肪组织中促进脂肪生长的分子途径。”
First author Nina Vujović, a researcher in the Medical Chronobiology Program, said in a Harvard University news release, "In this study, we asked, Does the time that we eat matter when everything else is kept consistent."
第一作者、医学生物钟学项目的研究员妮娜·武约维奇在哈佛大学的新闻稿上称：“在这项研究中，我们提出这个问题：当其他一切因素保持一致时，我们的进食时间是否重要？”
The study's 16 participants all had a body mass index considered in the overweight or obese range — and they followed specific in-laboratory protocols.
这项研究16名参与者的体重指数都在超重或肥胖的范围 — 他们都遵循了特定的实验方案。
Each participant completed two different eating schedules: one in which they followed a strict early meal schedule — then another in which they ate the same meals but four hours later in the day.
每个参与者都完成了两个不同的用餐日程：一个是严格的早进食日程，另一个是晚四个小时进食同样的食物。
Two to three weeks prior to starting each of the in-lab meal regimens, the participants followed a fixed sleeping and wake schedule; then, three days before entering the laboratory, the participants strictly followed identical diets and meal schedules at home.
在进行每个实验室膳食方案前两到三周，参与者需遵循固定的睡眠和起床计划。然后，在进入实验室前三天，参与者在家严格遵守相同的饮食和用餐时间表。
"We found that eating four hours later makes a significant difference for our hunger levels, the way we burn calories after we eat and the way we store fat," Vujović said in the news release.
武约维奇在新闻稿上提到：“我们发现，四小时后进食会对我们的饥饿程度、进食后卡路里的燃烧方式以及储存脂肪的方式产生重大影响。”
The researchers explored how eating time affected the way the body stores fat by taking biopsies of the participants’ adipose tissues during laboratory testing in both the early and late eating protocols.
在实验室测试中，研究人员通过对参与者的脂肪组织进行活检，调查研究了进食时间如何影响身体储存脂肪的方式。
They compared the difference between the two eating routines.
他们比较了两种饮食习惯之间的差异。
The adipose tissue gene expression showed increased adipogenesis (fat storage) and decreased lipolysis (fat breakdown), which contributes to fat growth, according to the study.
研究显示，脂肪组织基因表达增加了脂肪形成（脂肪储存），减少了脂肪燃烧（脂肪分解），这有助于脂肪的生长。
The late-eating participants also burned calories at a slower rate compared to the early eating schedule.
与早进食时相比，晚进食后参与者卡路里消耗的速度较慢。
The investigators also said late eating had a significant effect on the body’s hormones, leptin and ghrelin, that control appetite and a person’s drive to eat.
研究人员还表示，晚进食对体内激素、瘦素和胃饥饿素有显著影响，这些激素控制着食欲和人的进食欲望。
They noted that leptin, which signals the body that you are full after a meal, was decreased for a span of 24 hours in the late eating schedule, compared to early eating.
他们注意到，与早进食相比，瘦素在晚进食的24小时内下降。瘦素能在饭后向身体发出信号，让你有饱腹感。
Laura Feldman, a registered dietitian nutritionist and assistant professor of nutrition at Long Island University in Brookville, New York, did not participate in the study but told Fox News Digital the findings may be difficult to replicate during day-to-day living.
纽约州布鲁克维尔长岛大学（Long Island University）注册营养师兼营养学助理教授劳拉·费尔德曼没有参与这项研究，但她告诉福克斯新闻数字频道，这一发现可能难以在日常生活中复制。
"The study was heavily controlled," she said. "The participants stayed in a laboratory setting for several days and all ate the same meals, participated in the same level of physical activity and had a set sleep schedule."
她说：“这项研究受到严格控制。参与者在实验室环境中呆了好几天，所有人都吃相同的食物，参加了相同水平的体育活动，并且有固定的睡眠时间计划。”
"This is very different than the ‘real-world’ scenarios the average person" will encounter daily.
“这与普通人每天会遇到的‘现实世界’情景非常不同。”
Most people, said Feldman, base their food decisions on several factors beyond the timing of meals.
费尔德曼称，除吃饭时间外，大多数人的饮食决定还取决于其他一些因素。
These factors include finances, work schedules, access to food and stress and mental health status.
这些因素包括经济状况、工作安排、获取食物的方式以及压力与心理健康状况。
"It is unclear if these results would still apply for some people, including night-shift employees," she told Fox News Digital.
费尔德曼告诉福克斯新闻数字频道：“目前尚不清楚这些结果是否仍适用于某些人群，如夜班员工。”
今日词汇
calorie / ˈkæləri / 卡路里
fat tissue 脂肪组织
molecular pathways 分子途径
hormone 激素
leptin / ˈleptɪn / 瘦素
ghrelin / ˈɡrelɪn / 胃饥饿素
day-to-day living 日常生活
翻译讨论
在翻译学术性文章时，如果碰到how构成的句子，我们一般可把它转化成名词形式。
例如文中的“how many calories we burn”，我们可以翻译成“卡路里燃烧数量”。
"The three [mechanisms] were hunger regulation, how many calories we burn and changes in our fat tissue," Scheer said.
这三种（机制）是饥饿调节、我们燃烧多少卡路里以及脂肪组织的变化。
这三种（机制）是饥饿调节、卡路里燃烧数量以及脂肪组织的变化。
译者：应用型笔译班学员Alice
审校：Jennifer
英文来源：Fox News
*对应译文由译介翻译团队完成，仅供参考，不当之处欢迎大家在评论区讨论！转载请注明来源！
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