每周分子 | Molecule of the Week
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每周分子：环氧丙烷
Molecule of the Week:
Propylene oxide
环氧丙烷(PO)，正式名称为2-甲基环氧乙烷，是一种低沸点液体，可用于制造许多商业材料。早在1866年，德国Lemberg大学的Eduard Linnemann就描述了环氧丙烷向丙酮的转化。
生产环氧丙烷的最初方法是将丙烯在水中氯化得到氯丙醇的混合物，然后用氢氧化钾脱氯氢。随后开发的一种工艺是用有机氢过氧化物直接氧化丙烯。这两种工艺今天都在使用。
全球约三分之二的环氧丙烷产量(约1300万吨/年)用于制造聚醚多元醇，聚醚多元醇在多功能聚氨酯泡沫的制造中发挥着重要作用。另外约20%被水解成丙二醇。作为一种工业环氧化物，环氧丙烷的重要性仅次于环氧乙烷。环氧丙烷是一种手性分子，但几乎所有的环氧丙烷都是以外消旋体的混合物形式产生的。
如危害信息表所示，接触环氧丙烷会导致广泛的健康和环境问题，有些是严重的。因此，必须极其小心地处理它。
环氧丙烷信息速览
环氧丙烷危害信息
【关于每周分子】
自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的CAS SciFindern中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧。
Propylene oxide (PO), formally 2-methyloxirane, is low-boiling liquid that is useful for making many commercial materials. It was known as long ago as 1866, when Eduard Linnemann at the University of Lemberg (Germany) described the conversion of PO to acetone.
The initial method for producing PO was the chlorination of propylene in water to give a mixture of chlorohydrins, followed by dehydrochlorinaton with potassium hydroxide. A process developed subsequently was the direct oxidation of propylene with an organic hydroperoxide. Both processes are in use today.
About two-thirds of worldwide PO production (≈13 million t/year) is used to make polyether polyols, which play an important role in the manufacture of the versatile polyurethane foam. Another ≈20% is hydrolyzed to propylene glycol. As an industrial epoxide, PO is second in importance only to ethylene oxide. PO is a chiral molecule, but almost all of it is produced as the racemic mixture.
As shown in the hazard information table, exposure to PO can cause a wide range of health and environmental problems, some severe. It must be handled with extreme care.
Propylene oxidefast facts
Propylene oxidehazard information
About Molecule of the Week
MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using CAS SciFindern. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.
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