【二轮复习·语法填空】考点六:谓语动词(配课件下载)
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真题再练
1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·61)The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinesemoon goddess— ____touched____ (touch) down last week in the SouthPole-Aitken basin.
由时间状语last week可知,此处讲述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。(时间状语)
2. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·67&68) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ____means____ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about howthe moon __is constructed__ (construct).”
结合上文的excites及空后的have可知,此处表述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时,且主语it为第三人称单数,故填means(时态前后一致、主谓一致);从句主语themoon和construct之间为被动关系,且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,故用一般现在时的被动语态,the moon为单数概念,故填isconstructed (被动语态、时态前后一致、主谓一致)。
3. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·62) This is whydecorating with plants, fruits and flowers __carries__ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth…
分析句子成分可知,本句包含why引导的表语从句,设空处为从句的谓语动词;且此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;从句的主语为动名词短语decoratingwith plants, fruits and flowers, 谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填carries。(时态前后一致、主谓一致)
4. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·63)The artist was sure hewould __be chosen__ (choose), but whenhe presented his masterpiece to the emperor's
chief minister, the old man laughed.
从句主语he和choose之间为被动关系, 且位于情态动词would后, 故填be chosen。(被动语态)
5. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When he asked the villagers on the banksof the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and ____pointed___ (point) down theriver.
设空处与and前的smiled并列, 叙述过去的事情, 应用一般过去时,故填pointed。(并列一致)
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思路点拨
当句中缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。
1.时态 确定时态的四条依据:
(1) 依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去、现在、将来),空格处要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据之一。如[真题再练]第2、8、15题。但需注意:客观事实或真理可能时态不一致;直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。
(2) 依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。如[真题再练]第5和10题。
(3) 依据时间状语。如recently,so far, up to now, up to the present, over/in the past/last fewyears常与现在完成时连用;by the end of, since 1980, for three years常与完成时连用。又如in 2005, the other day(不久前某一天), a moment ago,last Friday, yesterday等通常与一般过去时连用。如[真题再练]第1、6、9、13、14题。
(4) 依据固定句式。请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。
This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner.这是我第二次同外国人讲话。
It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 那是我第二次同外国人讲话。
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交车,车就开动了。
I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.我刚躺下,电话铃就响了。
I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正在做作业,突然她走了进来。
I was about to do my home work when she suddenly walked in.我正要做作业,突然她走了进来。
I was on the point of going out when the phone rang.我正要出去,电话响了。
2.语态
主语是谓语动词的执行者,即主语与谓语动词在逻辑上是主谓关系,用主动语态;主语是谓语动词的承受者,即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,用被动语态。解题中,在判断用被动语态后,还要考虑时态和主谓一致等。如[真题再练]第2题。如果是在情态动词后,be就用原形,如[真题再练]第4题。
3. 语气 是否用虚拟语气,主要由一些特殊的词或句式来决定,详见“考点归纳”。(到目前为止,全国卷中暂未考查)
4. 主谓一致 一般来说,主语是单数, 谓语动词用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数。以上[真题再练]的第2、3、6、7、9、11、12、13、16、20题都涉及主谓一致。
考点归纳
谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个考点。以下重点提醒其中两个。
1.时态 尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态, 但近四年全国卷高考真题只考查了一般现在时、现在完成时和一般过去时三种时态。
尽管如此,以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还是应该掌握的:
2.语气 尽管到目前为止,全国卷语法填空中尚未考查虚拟语气,但在阅读中会常遇到,在写作中也非常有用,因此,有必要在此列出来复习一遍。需掌握以下两类八点:
考点练透
1. Classical music isgood for your brain. Research suggests that it __makes__ (make) your brain moreactive.
因suggest在此意为“表明”,且此处指一般情况,故用一般现在时。
2. So Woo Sing __struck__ (strike) the boy in the glass, but he only hurt his own hand and went cryingto his father.
由hurt和went可知,strike也用过去式,故填struck。
3.As she tried to drive her cows to higher ground, she___slipped__(slip) and hit her head on a fallen tree trunk.
从句谓语动词是一般过去时,所以主句谓语动词也用一般过去时态。
4.But the dog, after sniffing around for a bit, _lay_ (lie)down and began to complain about how difficult it was to find one bone in sucha big field.
因lie和began为并列谓语,所以都用一般过去时,lie为不规则动词,意为“躺”时,过去式为lay,故填lay。
5. Due to the hard training they ___had done__ (do) before, their performances were very impressive.
由before和were可知用过去完成时。
6. He was in good condition so someone had been caring for him, but not thepeople from whom he ___was stolen__ (steal). He and his human mommy were so glad tosee one another again!
根据短语 steal sth from sb, 主语是he (指代a dog), 所以是被偷。整体时态是过去时。故填was stolen。
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