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每周分子 | Molecule of the Week

ACS 美国化学会 ACS美国化学会 2023-03-12

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每周分子:L-甲状腺素

Molecule of the Week: L-Thyroxine

L-甲状腺素(L-Thyroxine)是一种氨基酸,是甲状腺中的两种激素之一,另一种是三碘甲状腺原氨酸1。L-甲状腺素即左旋甲状腺素(levothyroxine),是一种用于治疗甲状腺功能减退症的药物,其对映异构体D-甲状腺素无药理活性。


1915年,来自Mayo基金会(美国明尼苏达州罗切斯特)的化学家Edward. C. Kendall从未指明的动物体中分离出甲状腺素。此后十年,Kendall又撰写了几篇关于甲状腺素生物化学和药理学的文章,包括甲状腺对动物机体氧化方面的影响。Kendall因对肾上腺激素的研究成果获得1950年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,而非甲状腺激素方面的研究。


1926年,伦敦大学学院的Charles R. Harington揭示了甲状腺素的结构。次年,他与George Barger从对羟基苯甲醚和3, 4, 5-三碘硝基苯出发,分几步合成了甲状腺素;他们在合成的后期引入了酪氨酸部分。


时至今日,以其商品名Synthroid(艾伯维,美国伊利诺伊州北芝加哥)闻名的甲状腺素是美国的第二大处方药。其活性成分为钠盐,而非游离酸。


1. CAS Reg. No. 6893-02-3.


L-甲状腺素信息速览

CAS 登记号

51-48-9

CAS SciFinder命名

L-Tyrosine,O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-

分子式

C15H11I4NO4

摩尔质量

776.87g/mol

外观

白色至乳白色晶体或粉末状

熔点

235–236°C  (测量值)

水溶性

≈0.2 mg/L (估值)


L-甲状腺素危害信息

GHS分类:急性毒性,口服,分类4

H302-吞食有害

GHS分类:皮肤腐蚀/刺激,分类2

H315-引起皮肤刺激

GHS分类:严重眼损伤/眼刺激,分类2A

H319-引起严重的眼刺激

GHS分类:特异性靶器官毒性,单次接触,呼吸道刺激,分类3

H335-可能引起呼吸道刺激


关于每周分子


自2001年以来,“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查,并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示,同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的CAS SciFindern中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧



L-Thyroxine is an amino acid that is one of two hormones located in the thyroid gland; the other is triiodothyronine1. Under the name levothyroxine, it is also a manufactured drug used to treat hypothyroidism. The molecule’s enantiomer, D-thyroxine, has no pharmacological activity.


In 1915, chemist Edward. C. Kendall at the Mayo Foundation (Rochester, MN) isolated thyroxine from unspecified animals. In the following decade, Kendall wrote several more articles on the biochemistry and pharmacology of thyroxine, including the influence of the thyroid gland on oxidation in the animal organism. Kendall received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for his research on adrenal gland hormones, not thyroid hormones.


In 1926, Charles R. Harington at University College London elucidated the structure of thyroxine. The next year, he and George Barger synthesized it in several steps beginning with p-hydroxyanisole and 3,4,5-triidonitrobenzene; later in the synthesis, they introduced the tyrosine moiety.


To this day, thyroxine, familiarly known by the trade name Synthroid (Abbvie, North Chicago, IL), is the second most prescribed drug in the United States. The active ingredient is the sodium salt, not the free acid.


1. CAS Reg. No. 6893-02-3.


L-Thyroxinefast facts

CAS Reg. No.

51-48-9

SciFinder
nomenclature

L-Tyrosine,O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-

Empirical

formula

C15H11I4NO4

Molar mass

776.87g/mol

Appearance

Whiteto cream-colored crystals or powder

Melting point

235–236°C (dec.)

Watersolubility

≈0.2mg/L (est.)


L-Thyroxinehazard information

Acute toxicity, oral, category 4

H302-Harmful if swallowed

Skincorrosion/irritation, category 2

H315-Causesskin irritation

Seriouseye damage/eye irritation, category 2A

H319-Causesserious eye irritation

Specifictarget organ toxicity, single exposure, respiratory tract irritation, category 3

H334-Maycause respiratory irritation


About Molecule of the Week


MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using CAS SciFindern. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.


Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society


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