「Part 8」2022政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

LearnAndRecord 2022-07-26

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#政府工作报告笔记 53 个

#政府工作报告 21 个

要坚持政府过紧日子，更好节用裕民。

Government will keep its belt tightened and keep spending low to benefit the people.

注：

过紧日子

keep one's belt tightened

节用裕民-->压低支出，以利于人民

keep spending low to benefit the people

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告：坚持过紧日子， We should continue to tighten our belts,

2020年报告：各级政府必须真正过紧日子，Governments at all levels must truly tighten their belt.

2019年报告：各级政府要过紧日子，想方设法筹集资金。governments at all levels must tighten their belts and find workable means of raising funds.

2018年报告：各级政府仍要坚持过紧日子，执守简朴、力戒浮华，government at all levels must keep its belt tightened, keep things as simple as possible, abstain from all excess,

2017年报告：各级政府要坚持过紧日子，Governments at all levels should tighten their belts,

📍 tighten one's belt 表示“勒紧裤带，省吃俭用”（to spend less money than you did before because you have less money）

大力优化支出结构，保障重点支出，严控一般性支出。

We will improve the mix of government spending so as to ensure funding for key areas and strictly control general expenditures.

注：

支出结构

the mix of (government) spending

保障重点支出-->保障重点领域支出（资助/拨款）

ensure funding for key areas

一般性支出

general expenditures

盘活财政存量资金和闲置资产。

Budgetary funds and assets sitting idle will be put into good use.

注：

财政存量资金和闲置资产

Budgetary funds and assets sitting idle

盘活

put sth. into good use

📍财政存量资金是指已在年初预算安排，但尚未形成支出的财政资金。

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告：优化财政支出结构，盘活财政存量资金，重点领域支出得到保障。We improved the composition of budgetary spending, put idle budgetary funds to use, and ensured spending in key areas.

2018年报告：盘活沉淀资金，put idle funds to work,

2016年报告：对真抓实干成效明显的地方，在建设资金安排、新增建设用地、财政沉淀资金统筹使用等方面，加大奖励支持力度。Localities which work diligently and make notable achievements will receive greater incentives and support in terms of development funds, land designations for new construction projects,and idle budgetary funds made available to them.

各级政府必须艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约，中央政府和省级政府要带头。

Governments at every level need to operate within their means and economize where possible, and central and provincial-level governments should take the lead in this regard.

注：

各级政府

governments at every level

中央政府和省级政府

central and provincial-level governments

带头

take the lead

艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约

operate within one's means and economize where possible

📍有个短语叫 live within your means 表示“量入为出”，英文解释为“to spend less money than you receive as income”

📍economize表示“节约，节省；紧缩开支”，英文解释为“to try to save money by reducing the amount that you are spending”举个🌰：

You could economize on food by not eating in restaurants all the time.

你要是不总去饭店吃饭，就可以在吃上节省很多。

加强收支管理，严禁铺张浪费，

Management of fiscal receipts and outlays will be tightened up, and wasteful and excessive spending will be prohibited.

注：

（财政）收支

fiscal receipts and outlays

铺张浪费

wasteful and excessive spending

不得违规新建楼堂馆所，

We will prevent the construction of new government buildings in violation of regulations.

注：

违规

in violation of regulations

新建楼堂馆所

the construction of new government buildings

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：严禁新建楼堂馆所，严禁铺张浪费。Construction of new government buildings and wasteful and excessive spending will be strictly prohibited.

2018年报告：严控新建政府性楼堂馆所和财政供养人员总量，We have enforced strict controls over the construction of new government buildings and over the total number of people on the government payroll;

不得搞形象工程，

No vanity projects will be tolerated,

注：

形象工程（面子工程）

vanity projects

📍vanity表示“虚荣的”，英文解释为“used to describe something that is done with the aim of getting praise, fame, or approval rather than for serious or good reasons”

对违反财经纪律、肆意挥霍公款的要严查重处，

and anyone who violates fiscal discipline or squanders public funds will be investigated and severely punished.

注：

fiscal discipline

财经纪律

肆意挥霍公款

squander public funds

严查重处

be investigated and severely punished

📍squander /ˈskwɒndə/ 表示“浪费，挥霍（金钱或补给品）；糟蹋（机会）”，英文解释为“to waste money or supplies, or to waste opportunities by not using them to your advantage”举个🌰：

They'll quite happily squander a whole year's savings on two weeks in the sun.

他们会心甘情愿地把全年的积蓄花掉，度两个星期的阳光假期。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述新冠疫苗的文章中提到：Squandering lives when a vaccine is at hand would be especially cruel. 有疫苗可用还让人白白丧命只会显得特别残酷。

一定要把宝贵资金用在发展紧要处、民生急需上。

We must ensure that our precious funds are used in areas that are critical to development and to meet the urgent needs of the people.

注：

在发展紧要处

in areas [that are critical to development]

（满足）民生急需

to meet the urgent needs of the people

加大稳健的货币政策实施力度。

We will step up implementation of the prudent monetary policy.

注：

稳健的货币政策

the prudent monetary policy

发挥货币政策工具的总量和结构双重功能，为实体经济提供更有力支持。

We will use monetary policy tools to adjust both the monetary aggregate and the monetary structure, so as to provide more robust support for the real economy.

注：

货币政策工具

monetary policy tools

（货币）总量和结构

the monetary aggregate and the monetary structure

实体经济

the real economy

有力支持

robust support

扩大新增贷款规模，保持货币供应量和社会融资规模增速与名义经济增速基本匹配，保持宏观杠杆率基本稳定。

We will expand the scale of new loans, see that increases in money supply and aggregate financing are generally in step with nominal economic growth, and keep the macro leverage ratio generally stable.

注：

贷款规模

the scale of loans

（社会）融资规模

aggregate financing

与...基本匹配

be generally in step with ...

名义经济增速（增长）

nominal economic growth

宏观杠杆率

the macro leverage ratio

「类似表述对比」

2022年报告Part 6：居民收入增长与经济增长基本同步；growth in personal income that is basically in step with economic growth

保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。

The RMB exchange rate will be kept generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.

注：

人民币汇率

the RMB exchange rate

在合理均衡水平上

at an adaptive, balanced level

进一步疏通货币政策传导机制，

We will further improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy,

注：

疏通

improve

货币政策传导机制

the transmission mechanism of monetary policy

引导资金更多流向重点领域和薄弱环节，

channel more funds into key areas and weak links,

注：

重点领域

key areas

薄弱环节

weak links

📍channel作动词，可以表示“调拨（钱、资源）” （if you channel money or resources into something, you arrange for them to be used for that thing, rather than for a wider range of things.）也可以表示“为…引资；引导；贯注”（to direct money, feelings, ideas, etc. towards a particular thing or purpose），举个🌰：

In an ideal world, these capital inflows would be channelled into financing the infrastructure and productive resources in emerging states.

理想情况下，新兴国家将会对这些资金加以引导，为基础设施与生产性资源提供融资。

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告：推广随借随还贷款，使资金更多流向科技创新、绿色发展，更多流向小微企业、个体工商户、新型农业经营主体， We will extend the pay-as-you-go lending model, channel more funds into scientific and technological innovation, green development initiatives, micro and small enterprises, self-employed individuals, and new types of agribusiness,

2020年报告：加大剩余贫困县和贫困村攻坚力度。We will channel greater energy into eliminating poverty in all remaining poor counties and villages.

扩大普惠金融覆盖面。

and expand the coverage of inclusive finance.

注：

普惠金融

inclusive finance

推动金融机构降低实际贷款利率、减少收费，让广大市场主体切身感受到融资便利度提升、综合融资成本实实在在下降。

Financial institutions will be encouraged to lower real loan interest rates and cut fees, so as to truly make it easier for market entities to access financing and achieve a considerable drop in overall financing costs.

注：

金融机构

financial institutions

实际贷款利率

real loan interest rates

市场主体

market entities

感受到融资便利度提升-->让融资更容易

make it easier to access financing

综合融资成本

overall financing costs

强化就业优先政策。

We will strengthen the employment-first policy.

注：

就业优先政策

the employment-first policy

大力拓宽就业渠道，

We will work to broaden the employment channels,

注：

就业渠道

the employment channels

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注重通过稳市场主体来稳就业，

promote employment stability by keeping the operations of market entities stable,

注：

稳市场主体

keep the operations of market entities stable

稳就业

promote employment stability

增强创业带动就业作用。

and harness the role of business startups in boosting employment.

注：

📍harness /ˈhɑːnɪs/ 作动词，表示“控制，利用（以产生能量等）”，英文解释为“to control and use the force or strength of sth to produce power or to achieve sth”举个🌰：

We must harness the skill and creativity of our workforce.

我们必须尽量发挥全体职工的技能和创造力。

财税、金融等政策都要围绕就业优先实施，

Fiscal and financial policies will facilitate implementation of the employment-first policy,

注：

就业优先政策

the employment-first policy

财税、金融政策

fiscal and financial policies

📍facilitate /fəˈsɪl.ə.teɪt/表示“促进；促使；使便利”，英文解释为“to make something possible or easier”举个🌰：

The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs.

新坡道将方便轮椅进入。

「类似表述对比」

2022年报告Part 6：完成今年发展目标任务，宏观政策要稳健有效，微观政策要持续激发市场主体活力，结构政策要着力畅通国民经济循环，To fulfill the development goals and tasks for the year, we should pursue prudent and effective macro policies, micro policies that can continuously energize market entities, and structural policies that facilitate smooth flows in the economy.

2022年报告Part 2：1）宏观政策适应跨周期调节需要，保持对经济恢复必要支持力度，Our macro policies facilitated cross-cyclical adjustments and sustained the level of support necessary for economic recovery.

2）有效实施稳健的货币政策，两次全面降准，推动降低贷款利率。We implemented a prudent monetary policy to good effect and lowered required reserve ratios twice to facilitate the reduction of loan interest rates.

2021年报告：形成国民经济良性循环 to facilitate favorable circulation in our economy.

加大对企业稳岗扩岗的支持力度。

and greater support will be provided for enterprises to stabilize and expand employment.

注：

稳岗扩岗-->稳就业、扩大就业

stabilize and expand employment

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告：各地加大稳岗扩岗激励力度，Local governments across the country provided more incentives to stabilize and expand employment,

各类专项促就业政策要强化优化，

All dedicated employment policies will be strengthened and improved,

注：

各类专项促就业政策

all dedicated employment policies

对就业创业的不合理限制要坚决清理取消。

and we will resolutely act to overhaul or abolish excessive restrictions on employment and business startups.

注：

清理取消

overhaul or abolish

不合理限制

excessive restrictions

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告：清理规范口岸收费，不断提升通关便利化水平。overhaul and standardize port charges, and further simplify customs clearance.

2020年报告：支持和规范民办教育，upport private schools and keep them well-regulated,

2019年报告：清理规范行政处罚事项，overhaul government penalties and punitive measures,

2018年报告：进一步清理规范行政事业性收费，We will further review and standardize government administrative fees,

各地都要千方百计稳定和扩大就业。

All local governments must use every possible means to stabilize employment and expand it further.

注：

千方百计

use every possible means

确保粮食能源安全。

We will ensure food and energy security.

注：

粮食能源安全

food and energy security

保障粮食等重要农产品供应，保障民生和企业正常生产经营用电。

We will ensure the supply of grain and other major agricultural products as well as an adequate supply of electricity to meet people’s living needs and conduct normal business operations and production.

注：

重要农产品

major agricultural products

粮食供应

the supply of grain

（企业）正常生产经营

conduct normal business operations and production

实施全面节约战略。

We will implement a comprehensive resource conservation strategy.

注：

全面节约战略

a comprehensive resource conservation strategy

增强国内资源生产保障能力，加快油气、矿产等资源勘探开发，完善国家战略物资储备制度，保障初级产品供给。

To enhance China’s capacity for resource production and supply, we will step up petroleum, natural gas and mineral exploration and development, improve the national strategic goods reserve system, and ensure the supply of primary products.

注：

国内资源生产保障能力

China’s capacity for resource production and supply

勘探开发

exploration and development

油（、）气、矿产

petroleum, natural gas and mineral

国家战略物资储备制度

the national strategic goods reserve system

初级产品供给

the supply of primary products

📍初级产品是经过一次或多次加工后，被作为劳动手段或劳动对象继续投入生产过程的产品。中间产品是初级产品转化为最终产品的中间形态。

保持物价水平基本稳定。

Price levels will be kept generally stable.

防范化解重大风险。

We will prevent and defuse major risks.

注：

📍defuse表示“缓和；平息”（to stop a possibly dangerous or difficult situation from developing, especially by making people less angry or nervous）

「类似表述对比」

2022年报告：有序推进地方政府债务风险防范化解，稳妥处置重大金融风险事件。We took well-considered steps to defuse local government debt risks and dealt prudently with major financial risks.

2021年报告：稳妥化解地方政府债务风险，及时处置一批重大金融风险隐患。We took prudent steps to defuse local government debt risks and acted swiftly to defuse a number of major financial risks and potential dangers.

2021年报告：有效防范化解各种风险隐患。to effectively prevent and defuse various risks and potential dangers.

2019年报告：防范化解重大风险，We forestalled and defused major risks.

继续按照稳定大局、统筹协调、分类施策、精准拆弹的基本方针，做好经济金融领域风险处置工作。

We will continue to address economic and financial risks in accordance with the fundamental principles of maintaining overall stability, ensuring coordination, implementing category-based policies, and defusing risks through targeted efforts.

注：

做好经济金融领域风险处置工作-->处置经济金融风险

address economic and financial risks

基本方针

the fundamental principles

稳定大局

maintaining overall stability

统筹协调

ensuring coordination

分类施策

implementing category-based policies

精准拆弹

defusing risks through targeted efforts

压实地方属地责任、部门监管责任和企业主体责任，

We will see that local governments fulfill their responsibilities, the competent government departments tighten regulation, and enterprises shoulder primary responsibility.

注：

地方属地责任-->当地政府的责任

local governments fulfill their responsibilities

监管部门（主管部门）

the competent government departments

企业主体责任>企业自身的主要责任

enterprises shoulder primary responsibility

加强风险预警、防控机制和能力建设，

We will make stronger efforts to give early-warning of risks, enhance risk prevention and control mechanisms, and build capacities for responding to risks.

注：

风险预警

give early-warning of risks

风险防控机制

risk prevention and control mechanisms

设立金融稳定保障基金，

A fund for ensuring financial stability will be established,

注：

金融稳定保障基金

the fund for ensuring financial stability

运用市场化、法治化方式化解风险隐患，

and market- and law-based ways will be used to defuse risks and potential dangers.

注：

市场化、法治化方式

market- and law-based ways

化解风险隐患

defuse risks and potential dangers

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告：加快营造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境。 move faster to create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment.

2020年报告：以公正监管维护公平竞争，持续打造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境。 We will conduct impartial regulation to ensure fair competition, and make sustained efforts to create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment.

牢牢守住不发生系统性风险的底线。

All these efforts will ensure that no systemic risks arise.

注：

系统性风险

systemic risks

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告：坚决守住不发生系统性风险的底线。and ensure that no systemic risks arise.

2019年报告：我们有能力守住不发生系统性风险的底线。so we are fully capable of ensuring that no systemic risks will emerge.

2018年报告：完全能够守住不发生系统性风险的底线 We are fully capable of forestalling systemic risks.

2016年报告：坚决守住不发生系统性区域性风险的底线 and make sure that no systemic or regional financial risks arise.

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