CATTI备考 | 2020年8月热词一览

八月热词汇总

*信息来源：China Daily

海底高铁隧道 
undersea high-speed railway tunnel

The technical proposal for the Ningbo-Zhoushan Railway, China's first high-speed rail with an undersea segment connecting the Zhoushan Islands in East China's Zhejiang province with the mainland, has been completed, the local Ningbo Evening News reported on Saturday.

据《宁波晚报》8月1日报道，中国首条连接浙江舟山岛和大陆的跨海高铁工程——甬（宁波）舟（舟山）铁路项目的技术方案已经完成。

知识点拓展

高铁是high-speed railway，而海底高铁隧道就是undersea high-speed railway tunnel。由于这条海底高铁隧道是甬舟铁路（Ningbo-Zhoushan railway）的一部分，所以翻译成high-speed rail with an undersea segment。

直播带货 
livestream marketing

A regulation on managing livestreaming hosts of different levels and classifications is being drafted in China as a move to improve the cultural taste of online content and keep the development of the industry in order, the Cyberspace Administration said on its official website Tuesday.

中国国家互联网信息办公室8月4日在官方网站表示，将研究制定主播账号分级分类管理规范，提升直播平台文化品位，规范行业发展。

知识点拓展

现在很火的网络直播的英文表达就是livestreaming，主播就是livestreaming host，直播带货就是sell products through livestreaming platforms，而限时秒杀的表达则是time-limited sec-killing。

住宿型公租房 
dormitory-style public rental housing

Dormitory-style housing will be provided for migrant workers in Shanghai by the end of this year, according to Wang Zhen, director of the Shanghai Housing Administration Bureau.

上海市房管局局长王桢表示，年底前将为上海民工提供宿舍型公租房。

放宽新能源汽车限购
relax curbs on new energy vehicle purchases

In the second half of 2020, the country will take key measures, such as relaxing curbs on new energy vehicle purchases, to spur domestic consumption, Ning Jizhe, vice-minister of the National Development and Reform Commission, said in an interview with China Central Television.

国家发改委副主任宁吉喆在央视专访中表示，2020年下半年，我国将采取关键措施来刺激国内消费，比如放宽新能源汽车限购。

知识点讲解

放宽新能源汽车限购的英文表达是relax curbs on new energy vehicle purchases，限购就是curb the purchase或purchase restrictions。实行汽车限购政策的地区每年将设定汽车购买配额（vehicle purchase quotas），通过车牌摇号（a lottery for license plates）来分发配额。

下半年，我国将加快推动智慧零售（smart retail）、在线教育（online education）等新型消费高质量发展，推动汽车和家电消费转型升级，鼓励限购城市适当增加汽车购置限额（encourage cities that have restrictions on car purchases to increase the number of car registrations as appropriate），放宽新能源汽车限购，对购置新能源汽车等给予适当补贴（offer subsidies for the purchase of new energy vehicles）。

制裁美方人员
sanctions against US officials

China on Monday announced sanctions against 11 US officials with egregious records on Hong Kong affairs, according to Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian at a press briefing. According to Zhao, China's decision stems from the wrongdoings of the US side. The sanctions, effective from Monday, are applied to US officials, including Senators Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz, Josh Hawley, Tom Cotton and Pat Toomey, Representative Chris Smith, and Carl Gershman, President of the National Endowment for Democracy, Derek Mitchell, President of the National Democratic Institute, Daniel Twining, President of the International Republican Institute, Kenneth Roth, Executive Director of Human Rights Watch, and Michael J. Abramowitz, President of Freedom House.

外交部发言人赵立坚8月10日在例行记者会上表示，针对美方错误行径，中方决定即日起对在涉港问题上表现恶劣的美联邦参议员卢比奥、克鲁兹、霍利、科顿、图米，联邦众议员史密斯，以及美国国家民主基金会总裁格什曼、美国国际事务民主协会总裁米德伟、美国国际共和研究所总裁特温宁、“人权观察”执行主席罗斯、“自由之家”总裁阿布拉莫维茨实施制裁。

知识点拓展

这里的egregious是一个意思表达很强烈的形容词，读音是[ɪˈgri:dʒiəs]，多表示“极其恶劣的，极坏的”等意思，比如，an egregious lie（弥天大谎），egregious violation of rules（严重违反规定）， egregious acts of brutality（极其野蛮的行为）等。

环比 
month on month

In June, China's civil aviation industry handled an average of 10,820 flights daily, up 14.1 percent from that in May, statistics from the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) showed. In July, the industry handled a total of 370,000 flights, or an average of 11,941 flights daily. More than 36.99 million air passenger trips were made in July, a rise of 20.35 percent from June.

民航总局的数据显示，6月，民航日均航班量10820班，环比上升14.1%；7月，共保障各类飞行37万班，日均航班量为11941架次；共完成旅客运输量3699余万人次，环比增长20.35%。

知识点讲解

在一些统计类的报道中，我们经常会看到“环比”、“同比”这样的表述，这两种比较方式的区别在于：环比,就是跟上一个周期比；同比,就是跟去年同期比。比如，上面的报道中，6月的日均航班量跟5月的日均航班量相比，就是“环比”，除了报道中的表述方式以外，我们还可以用形容词形式month-on-month或者副词形式的month on month来表示，那么上文的句子就可以改写为“In June, China's civil aviation industry handled an average of 10,820 flights daily, an increase of 14.1 percent month-on-month (up 14.1 percent month on month)”。

如果用今年5月的数据跟去年5月的数据相比就是“同比”，英文用形容词year-on-year或者副词短语year on year表示，比如：There were 2.95 million delivery staff at Meituan Dianping at the end of June, an increase of 16.4 percent year-on-year（今年6月底，美团点评共有外卖人员295万，同比增加了16.4%）。In July, the share price has grown 20% year on year.（7月份，股票价格同比上涨了20%）。

最强降雨
the heaviest downpour

Beijing experienced the heaviest downpour since the start of this year's flood season on Wednesday evening after a day of on-again, off-again downpours that saw flights canceled, parks closed, homestay hotels shut and city workers on standby for floods and other emergencies.

经过白天断断续续的降雨之后，8月12日夜间，北京遭遇今年入汛以来最强降雨。此次降雨导致航班取消、公园和民宿关闭，市政洪涝应急响应工作人员待命。

知识点讲解

这里的on-again, off-again是一个形容词短语，表示“时断时续的”，比如：on-again, off-again relationship（分分合合的恋情），on-again, off-again fads（起起伏伏的时尚潮流）等。

数字货币
digital currency

The People's Bank of China, the central bank, is testing its digital currency in Shenzhen, Chengdu, Suzhou, Xiong'an and some areas where the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held.

中国人民银行将在深圳、成都、苏州、雄安以及2022年冬奥部分场景开展数字人民币试点。

I级防汛应急响应
the highest level of flood control response

Continuous rainfall has caused 22 major rivers in Sichuan to exceed their flood warning levels. Swelling rivers have flooded some urban areas in the city of Ya'an and Leshan. Local authorities have evacuated more than 100,000 people affected by the disaster.
连续降雨已导致四川省境内22条主要河流超过警戒水位。泛滥的河水淹没了雅安和乐山市的城区，当地政府已撤离10万多受灾群众。

The Ya'an section of the Qingyi River was hit by a major flood rarely seen in a hundred years, while water levels in the entire Qingyi River basin, as well as the lower reaches of Dadu River and Minjiang River, are expected to exceed warning levels.
目前，青衣江雅安城区段已出现百年一遇洪水，预计整个青衣江流域将全面超过保证水位，大渡河下游、岷江下游也将出现全面超警超保洪水。

潜伏期
incubation period

The incubation period for COVID-19, the time between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms, is about three to seven days for most people and can be up to 14 days, during which these pre-symptomatic patients can be contagious, according to the latest guideline.
试行第八版诊疗方案提出，新冠肺炎的潜伏期（感染病毒到出现症状之前）多为3到7天，最长可达14天，潜伏期即有传染性。

The five days after symptoms occur is when the disease becomes highly transmissible, the guideline said.
发病后5天内传染性较强。

知识点讲解

在说到“具有传染性的”这个意思时，新闻报道中常用的两个词是contagious和transmissible，在表示某个疾病具有传染性的时候，这两个词是可以互相替换使用的，contagious/transmissible disease。

二者的区别在于，transmissible只能用来形容疾病的传染性，而contagious适用的范围要广得多，除了表示疾病本身的传染性之外，也可以用来形容染了传染病的患者，contagious patients。此外，我们形容一个人的笑声特别有感染力，也可以说contagious laughter；某个时尚潮流传播很快就是a contagious fad。

中美航班
China-US flights

Under the agreement, Chinese airlines that already fly to the US－Air China, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines and Xiamen Airlines－will be allowed to make eight weekly round trips instead of four, according to the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

中国民航局表示，根据协议，中国国航、东方航空、南方航空和厦门航空这四家目前执飞中美航线的国内航空公司，每周运营的往返航班将由4班改为8班。

The two US carriers currently flying to China－United Airlines and Delta Air Lines－would also double their service to eight a week, equivalent to the total number of flights now permitted by US aviation authorities to Chinese carriers, according to a US Department of Transportation statement on Tuesday.

美国交通部8月18日表示，目前执飞中美航线的美联航和达美航空每周航班数也将增加至8班，与美国民航管理部门最近允许中国承运人执飞的航班总数相对等。

知识点讲解

Double、triple、quadruple 这三个词在英语中用来表达不同的倍数，均可以做名词、动词、形容词和副词，用法很灵活。

Double 表示“两倍、双份”或“使（什么）增加一倍”，比如：The editor thinks they can double the magazine circulation by the end of the year.主编觉得他们能在年底把杂志发行量增加一倍。另外，单词 double 在影视领域还指“替身演员”，比如，He worked as a double for Daniel Craig in the film.他在这部影片中担任丹尼尔·克雷格的替身。

Triple表示“三倍，增加两倍”，比如，My rent tripled last month.上个月，我的房租涨了两倍。

Quadruple这个词表示“四倍，四部分，增加三倍”的意思，词性和用法与前面的 double 和 triple 相似。需要注意的是，“增加三倍”其实也就是中文中常说的“翻两番”，所以这两种说法都可以用 quadruple 来表示，比如：Our exports to the US have quadrupled in the past three years.过去三年间，我们对美国的出口额增加了三倍（也就是翻了两番）。

起诉
file a lawsuit

"Over the past year we have earnestly sought to communicate with the US government and provided solutions regarding its concerns," the company said in a statement on Sunday. "But the US administration disregarded facts, disobeyed necessary legal procedures and tried to insert itself into negotiations between private businesses. "To ensure that the rule of law is not discarded, and that our company and users are treated fairly, we announce that we will officially file a lawsuit to safeguard our interests."

TikTok当天发布声明说：“近一年来，我们怀着真诚的态度，寻求跟美国政府沟通，针对他们所提出的顾虑提供解决方案。但美国政府罔顾事实，不遵循正当法律程序，甚至试图强行介入商业公司谈判。为确保法治不被摒弃，确保公司和用户获得公正的对待，我们将通过诉讼维护权益。”

知识点讲解

这里的disregard facts（罔顾事实）和disobey necessary legal procedures（不遵循正当法律程序）中用到的disregard和disobey都是在动词前面加了表示否定的前缀“dis”后（dis+regard以及dis+obey）表示与原动词相反的意思，其他类似的词还有disappear，dishonest，disagree，disapprove等。

再补充几个类似的表达：

不尊重历史，不符合事实
disrespect history and conflict with the fact

中美脱钩
decouple China and the US

玩弄双重标准
apply double standards

颠倒黑白
distort facts

注册制
the registeration-based initial public offering system

Eighteen start-up companies went public Monday on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The companies were listed under the registration-based IPO system, which aims to simplify and shorten the previously lengthy approval process for IPO issuance and enhance the capital market's inclusiveness to innovation and start-up firms.

8月24日，创业板注册制首批18家企业在深交所上市。注册制旨在精简此前冗长的上市审批流程，增强资本市场对创新创业企业的包容性。

知识拓展

推进创业板改革并试点注册制（the registration-based initial public offering system），是深化资本市场改革（deepen capital market reforms）、完善资本市场基础制度（optimize the capital market's basic syste）、提升资本市场功能（ improve capital market functions）的重要安排。

首都功能核心区
the core area of the capital

China has approved a detailed plan for the core area of the capital city of Beijing for the 2018-2035 period, stressing its functions of serving central administrative organs as well as the firm and orderly relief of its non-capital roles.

首都功能核心区控制性详细规划（2018年-2035年）近日获批，规划强调要服务保障中央政务，有序疏解非首都功能。

饭店坍塌事件
restaurant collapse accident

The collapse accident happened at around 9:40 am when relatives and fellow villagers were attending the birthday party banquet of an 80-year-old person at a restaurant in Chenzhuang village in Xiangfen county, in the city of Linfen, North China's Shanxi province, witnesses said.

据目击者称，坍塌事故发生在当天9时40分左右，当时，亲朋及当地村民正在山西省临汾市襄汾县陈庄村一饭店内参加一位80岁老人的寿宴。

知识点讲解

简单回顾一下accident和incident的区别：

Accident指不可预知的，偶然发生的意外事件，通常会导致人员受伤或者财务损失等不好的后果，比如：car、traffic accident（车祸）。

Incident指代的范围要大得多，可以指各种事件，好的坏的，有计划的、偶然的发生的事情都可以用incident来表示，比如：shooting incident （枪击事件）、an isolated incident（孤立事件）等。再看个例句：The demonstration took place without incident.展示活动顺利进行。

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