【二轮复习·短文改错】短文改错出题导图、考情分析、解题方略（配课件下载）
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导图引路
考情表解
解题方略
三个维度
词法：介词、冠词、连词的多用或少用；词性误用、现在分词与过去分词的混用等。
句法：主谓一致、并列一致、时态前后一致、名词的单复数一致、指代一致。(5个一致)
行文逻辑：因果关系、转折关系、递进关系、意义的肯定与否定等。
考点考法顺口溜
1.八种情况，可能增删
连介冠，符号to，可能增加和删除；
增删人称和物主，可能删除副和助。
(1)连冠介，符号to，可能增加和删除。
△ 连词：
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)In order to make sure all of us are in good health, and shemakes specific plans for us.
△ 介词：
(2020年全国Ⅱ卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we canpractice together on every day.
△ 冠词：
(2016全国Ⅲ卷) At the first, Ithought I knew everything and…
△ 符号to：
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought itmust to be easy to cook.
(2) 增删人称代词和物主代词。
(2019全国Ⅰ卷) From then on, I started to play my football with classmates after school.
(3) 可能删除副词和助动词。
△副词：
(2019全国Ⅱ卷) One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick personcould feel much more better after seeing a doctor.
△助动词：
(2015全国Ⅰ卷) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming hasalready become a very serious problem.(变被动为主动)
注：需要增删的8个考点也可这样记：连介冠，符号to，人称物主和副助。
2. 十种情况，考虑修改
动词形，名词数；指代一致常光顾。
连介冠，词性误，尤其爱考形和副。
常用词，要辨析；还有其他比较级。
(1) 动词形，名词数。
△动词形：
无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，动词错误就是原形、一般现在时、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词等动词形式的错误。如：
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of eggsoup while I had（have） to eat an apple.
(2017全国Ⅰ卷)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning （turn） left!”
(2019全国Ⅰ卷)I became interesting （interested） in playing football thanks to a small accident.
△名词的单复数：主要考查单复数的错误。如：
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick （chopsticks）.
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone inour families （family）.
△ 数词：
(2019全国Ⅱ卷) Then, when I was in the five （fifth） grade, I wanted to be ateacher because I liked my English teacher very much.
(2) 指代一致常光顾。
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)I tell my mom that if we’re forced to eat things, we maybecome ill. But he （she） insists on us eating healthy food.
(3) 连介冠，词性误，尤其爱考形和副。
△ 连词：
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but （and） put them aside.
(2020年全国Ⅱ卷)Thank you for your letter, what （which） really made me happy.
△介词：(2018全国Ⅱ卷) Still I was unwilling to play the games for （with） them sometimes.
△ 冠词：(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)For example, every morning, my dad has to have the （a） bowl ofegg soup while I have to eat an apple.
△词性误: 考得最多的是形容词与副词的混用。如：
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷)Today I tried cooking a simply （simple） dish myself.
(2017全国Ⅲ卷)I enjoyed studying difference （different） kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collectingthe latest music albums.
(2019全国Ⅰ卷)To everyone’s surprising （surprise）, the ball went into the net.
(4) 常用词，要辨析。
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off （on） the stove,I waited patiently till the oilwas hot.
(5) 还有其他比较级。
△其他: 主要指anything与everything,somewhere与everywhere等。如：
(2014全国Ⅰ卷) Since then—for all these years—we have been allowingtomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing somewhere （everywhere）.
(2013全国Ⅰ卷) She is just a distant memory for me now. I remember my grandfather very much （well）.
△比较等级：指形容词和副词的原级、比较级、最高级之间的误用。如：
(2020年全国Ⅱ卷)See you sooner （soon）.
(2016全国Ⅲ卷)They were also the best and worse （worst） years in my life.
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考点一：连词
考点二：介词
考点三：冠词
考点四：代词
考点五：助动词及其他考点六：谓语动词考点七：非谓语动词
考点八：词类转换考点九：名词的复数形式考点十：比较等级
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