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莎翁生殖桑籁组诗古风体中译

刘晓艺  译

Shakespeare's Procreation Sonnets Rendered into Metrical Verse

Translated by Professor Liu Xiaoyi, Shandong University

【译者简介】刘晓艺，女，山东大学文学院比较文学与世界文学所教授、博士生导师。本科毕业于山东大学中文系，尝受业于当代著名旧体诗词家、古籍学者鲍思陶先生；硕士及博士均毕业于美国亚利桑那大学东亚系。梓有中英双语旧体诗文集《昔在集》（广西师范大学出版社，2019年），收录莎翁诗歌作品和戏剧片段古风中译30余首及相关研究论文。

SONNET 1 

From fairest creatures we desire increase 

菁莪冀长育，姣好愿蕃息。

That thereby beauty's rose might never die

玫瑰雕弦柱，芳华在永时。

But as the riper should by time decease

黄熟将自落，老暮必衰澌。

His tender heir might bear his memory 

容或图令嗣，德念存兰芝。

But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes 

嗟君惟私计，明眸枉葳蕤。

Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel

炎风趣烈火，何异豆燃萁？

Making a famine where abundance lies

粢盛今虽备，朝夕罹馑荒。

Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel 

若敖真残戮，重雠竟己戕。

Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament 

君今自娱逸，浊世含珠光；

And only herald to the gaudy spring 

桃李花开早，好春未竟芳。

Within thine own bud buriest thy content 

但因瑶蕊稚，不计玉树长。

And, tender churl, makest waste in niggarding 

悭吝非敦本，于何恋什藏？

Pity the world, or else this glutton be

负世无矜悯，贪餮任痴狂。

To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee 

枯冢谋少君，相与噬蒸尝。

SONNET 2

When forty winters shall besiege thy brow, 

凌冬侵眉鬓，荏苒四十秋。

And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field,

霜色欺潘岳，窊皱老沈侯。

Thy youth's proud livery, so gazed on now,

少年矜华裳，长安羡锦裘。

Will be a tatter'd weed, of small worth held: 

裘缊衣将敝，于世益何由？

Then being ask'd where all thy beauty lies, 

徂岁诘青镜，炼颜即焉求。

Where all the treasure of thy lusty days; 

绮年若珍府，炳烛事夜游。

To say, within thine own deep-sunken eyes, 

萧悴明眸意，支离不胜躯。

Were an all-eating shame and thriftless praise. 

慊心言马齿，长愧惑谄谀 。

How much more praise deserved thy beauty's use, 

何若借殊色，姣夸亦允孚。

If thou couldst answer 'This fair child of mine

若言弄珠玉，残岁谳无辜。

Shall sum my count and make my old excuse,' 

了我此生局，衰年免责诛。

Proving his beauty by succession thine! 

梓者在子道，宁馨握瑾瑜。

This were to be new made when thou art old, 

君生虽枯老，熙茂喜新株。

And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st it cold. 

嗣续承身烈，血热德不孤。

SONNET 3

Look in thy glass, and tell the face thou viewest 

何处流光去，镜青换颜朱。

Now is the time that face should form another; 

负时悲驹隙，何似种玉株。

Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest, 

继武难为后，克家子阙如。

Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother, 

咎心论欺世，母道夺室姑。

For where is she so fair whose unear'd womb 

有女怀春意，俟君在城隅。

Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry? 

东床逃逸少，吉士谢静姝。

Or who is he so fond will be the tomb 

杨子取为我，君今自冢营。

Of his self-love, to stop posterity? 

因矜爱己意，断嗣剪祧承。

Thou art thy mother's glass, and she in thee 

君生若一镜，镜里尊萱庭。

Calls back the lovely April of her prime: 

慈貌存君面，盛春知若英。

So thou through windows of thine age shall see 

譬年为窗牖，君亦自窥惊。

Despite of wrinkles this thy golden time. 

鹤发鸡皮日，犹怀髫岁情。

But if thou live, remember'd not to be, 

生年已契阔，死后谁与名？

Die single, and thine image dies with thee.

抔土淹然寂，画图自景行。

SONNET 4 

Unthrifty loveliness, why dost thou spend 

倜傥诘荡子，何事放骸形？

Upon thyself thy beauty's legacy? 

翩翩丰颜貌，嗣家竟无承。

Nature's bequest gives nothing but doth lend, 

己身非长贶，籍借暂有生。

And being frank, she lends to those are free. 

达者得天道，最钟造物情。

Then, beauteous niggard, why dost thou abuse 

少君挟自爱，可叹在顽横。

The bounteous largess given thee to give? 

寄世若骖乘，百福掷遗轻。

Profitless usurer, why dost thou use 

不能昌贵胤，讵敢谲天功？

So great a sum of sums, yet canst not live? 

好乐多荒轶，旰云逝晚钟。

For having traffic with thyself alone, 

君非不贸利，市易仅自通。

Thou of thyself thy sweet self dost deceive. 

贾欺无非己，是心乖本衷。

Then how, when Nature calls thee to be gone, 

一日归大化，溘尽万事空。

What acceptable audit canst thou leave? 

天问难置对，仔肩辞必穷。

Thy unused beauty must be tomb'd with thee, 

音容既没世，托体与山同。

Which, used, lives th' executor to be. 

有子若余羡，绍承君貌隆。

SONNET 5

Those Hours, that with gentle work did frame 

荏苒迁风物，柔工冶貌形。

The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell, 

横波扬一睇，万目俱为倾。

Will play the tyrants to the very same 

竟亦披陵籍，不仁等物情。

And that unfair which fairly doth excel: 

美人悲貌改，天道论持衡。

For never-resting Time leads Summer on

迢迢逝永日，夏长历三庚，

To hideous Winter and confounds him there; 

严冬倏尔至，急景动心惊。

Sap check'd with frost and lusty leaves quite gone, 

河汉降玄霜，杳然茂叶殊。

Beauty o'ersnow'd and bareness every where: 

霰雪掩殊色，四野瘠且癯。

Then, were not summer's distillation left, 

夏去轻遗念，菁华殆烬芜。

A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass, 

不惜碧玉盏，折水囿瑛瑜。

Beauty's effect with beauty were bereft, 

隋珠与和璧，美色见播敷。

Nor it, nor no remembrance what it was. 

非此不能久，德音恐没衢。

But flowers distill'd though they with winter meet, 

洛花经寒岁，悴槁亦清癯。

Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet. 

貌色即凋萎，内质长美腴。

SONNET 6

Then let not Winter's ragged hand deface 

凌冬若严掌，因劝避锯锋。

In thee thy summer, ere thou be distill'd:

玄圃无积玉，九夏未摭菁。

Make sweet some vial; treasure thou some place

将欲储隋珍，凝香碧玉瓶。

With beauty's treasure, ere it be self-kill'd. 

剑士怜服毙，芳华易凋英。

That use is not forbidden usury, 

其用非揭利，子母坐相权。

Which happies those that pay the willing loan;

世多齐国贷，民乐青蚨钱。

That's for thyself to breed another thee, 

继体昌厥后，胄嗣永其年。

Or ten times happier, be it ten for one; 

用一或得十，功十何欣然。

Ten times thyself were happier than thou art,

克肖君形貌，喜志倍以兼。

If ten of thine ten times refigur'd thee:

过庭多令子，则百有斯男 。

Then what could Death do, if thou shouldst depart,

去去百年外，一往形不还。

Leaving thee living in posterity? 

佳胤茂当世，盈缩不在天。

Be not self-will'd, for thou art much too fair,

君颜如冠玉，幸勿自弃捐，

To be Death's conquest and make worms thine heir.

若敖无息子，虻蠹朽黄泉。

SONNET 7

Lo, in the orient when the gracious light 

日月临下土，明辉出东方。

Lifts up his burning head, each under eye 

轩轩朝霞举，凡目仰天阳。

Doth homage to his new-appearing sight, 

君子僴以瑟，孰不轼敬庄。

Serving with looks his sacred majesty; 

瞻韩谢万户，令仪何皇皇。

And having climb'd the steep-up heavenly hill,

坡陀既升陟，重岭已攀跻。

Resembling strong youth in his middle age, 

中岁去绮年, 韶貌与春齐。

yet mortal looks adore his beauty still, 

花面曜俗世，争夸急景稽。

Attending on his golden pilgrimage; 

凡夫欲步趾，游香踵金泥。

But when from high-most pitch, with weary car,

疲驾伤虺隤，高巅远故蹊。

Like feeble age, he reeleth from the day, 

淑质原非固，年侵日以凄。

The eyes, 'fore duteous, now converted are 

前缘见瞻瞩，后事徙长睽。

From his low tract and look another way: 

臻簇无复盛，早寻异枝栖。

So thou, thyself outgoing in thy noon, 

日中则仄矣，君岁在日西。

Unlook'd on diest, unless thou get a son.

洒扫乏令胤，死生无复题。

SONNET 8

Music to hear, why hear'st thou music sadly? 

君何郁不展，闻兹萧韶音？

Sweets with sweets war not, joy delights in joy.

乐只唯君子，甜甘无厮侵。

Why lov'st thou that which thou receiv'st not gladly, 

所奉既不怿，苟悦多违心，

else receiv'st with pleasure thine annoy? 

强或为颜笑，底事累烦襟？

If the true concord of well-tuned sounds, 

琴瑟静在御，莫不久偕倡。

By unions married, do offend thine ear, 

君竟嫌说喈, 聒耳厌刑妨。

They do but sweetly chide thee, who confounds

雅责诃大义，人世岂独徉，

In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear. 

卸肩不置室，鲧处老萧郎。

Mark how one string, sweet husband to another, 

绸缪弦与丝，两心悦好伉。

Strikes each in each by mutual ordering, 

弦丝故相弄，只凤愿随凰。

Resembling sire and child and happy mother 

命禄永厥后，妻帑乐室房。

Who all in one, one pleasing note do sing: 

好合笃一体，盈庭诵令章：

Whose speechless song, being many, seeming one, 

是歌或无辞，其章永且长。

Sings this to thee: 'Thou single wilt prove none.'

君若弃家室，殄世妄彭殇。

SONNET 9

Is it for fear to wet a widow's eye 

人生忧百罹，孀泪恐弹珠。

That thou consumest thyself in single life?

岂君顾此意，鳏苦宁零孤？

Ah! if thou issueless shalt hap to die, 

若敖其馁矣，一日奄迁殂，

The world will wail thee, like a makeless wife;

举世哭哲萎，孤雌失乃夫。

The world will be thy widow and still weep 

倾国若杞妇，谁不泣君侯，

That thou no form of thee hast left behind, 

继体无承胤，光仪枉眷留。

When every private widow well may keep 

嫠家屏门居，有子不牢愁。

By children's eyes her husband's shape in mind.

子生得夫体，心目识鸾俦。

Look what an unthrift in the world doth spend

观彼浪荡子，千金散如流，

Shifts but his place, for still the world enjoys it;

金散仍着世，遗厥以嘉猷。

But beauty's waste hath in the world an end, 

盛貌奄末世，废湮万事休。

And kept unused, the user so destroys it. 

持椟不试玉，明珠黯抛投。

No love toward others in that bosom sits 

是心非衷襟，亲爱何从游？

That on himself such murderous shame commits. 

君子竟戕自，论此怎无羞？

SONNET 10

For shame deny that thou bear'st love to any,

为君感羞恧，举世寄无怀。

Who for thyself art so unprovident. 

奉己何草草，投迹放形骸。

Grant, if thou wilt, thou art beloved of many,

吉士若愿悦，掷果盈车街。

But that thou none lovest is most evident; 

珠帘无着意，十里不留钗。

For thou art so possess'd with murderous hate 

君固常萦恨，戕伐系意深。

That 'gainst thyself thou stick'st not to conspire.

规害非他物，逆图自废侵。

Seeking that beauteous roof to ruinate 

圮隳倾广厦，连屋华宇沉。

Which to repair should be thy chief desire.

本合责营缮，垣毁谁期今。

O, change thy thought, that I may change my mind!

欲吾敬改目，请君试革心。

Shall hate be fairer lodged than gentle love? 

置室姿柔爱，岂非胜恨襟？

Be, as thy presence is, gracious and kind, 

君子美风仪，绰兮若璧金。

Or to thyself at least kind-hearted prove: 

盍若反其本，证己以德音。

Make thee another self, for love of me,

愿君体下情，玉树散琼林。

That beauty still may live in thine or thee.

盛颜存乔梓，此彼见遗簪。

SONNET 11

As fast as thou shalt wane, so fast thou grow’st

君今速衰飒，清标日减丰；

In one of thine, from that which thou departest;

庭阶生宝树，哲嗣称阿戎。

And that fresh blood which youngly thou bestow'st 

令子君纯胤，青春赋好容。

Thou mayst call thine when thou from youth convertest.

仪形得君体，如见君年冲。

Herein lives wisdom, beauty and increase: 

慧美由夙成，积玉住福缘。

Without this, folly, age and cold decay: 

无此将伤苦，朽愚冷残年。

If all were minded so, the times should cease

世心皆若是，永岁滞流川。

And threescore year would make the world away. 

周天花甲子，来者桑海迁。

Let those whom Nature hath not made for store, 

彼苍多斯报，昧昧亦何偏。

Harsh featureless and rude, barrenly perish: 

骀驽令不嗣，庸昧没无传。

Look, whom she best endow'd she gave the more; 

君禀本已厚，天意更独怜。

Which bounteous gift thou shouldst in bounty cherish: 

锡羡昌贵胤，明珠舞掌间。

She carved thee for her seal, and meant thereby 

君若金图书，凤篆出昊天。

Thou shouldst print more, not let that copy die. 

以此将播美，不作邓攸愆。

SONNET 12

When I do count the clock that tells the time, 

立表明官漏，晷度算昭回。

And see the brave day sunk in hideous night; 

日景倏易逝，夜夕媸欲摧。

When I behold the violet past prime,

我观紫兰花，美盛去无追，

And sable curls all silver'd o'er with white; 

鹤发侵膏首，皑皑见年催。

When lofty trees I see barren of leaves 

瞻彼凌云树，茂叶殄秋风，

Which erst from heat did canopy the herd, 

牛牧尝息憩，伞枝旧葱茏。

And summer's green all girded up in sheaves 

翠微着九夏，烟萎束枯蓬。

Borne on the bier with white and bristly beard, 

霜华飞戟须，寄柩一衰翁。

Then of thy beauty do I question make, 

翩翩怜貌盛，奕奕叹容丰，

That thou among the wastes of time must go, 

短晷欻西驰，疲生自有终。

Since sweets and beauties do themselves forsake 

忍抛韶光去，芳意谢千红。

die as fast as they see others grow; 

他苑仍郁郁，君园若丘垄。

And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence 

严剑逼岁月，凡子必殚穷。

Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence. 

人间无令嗣，死去万事空。

SONNET 13

O, that you were yourself! but, love, you are 

君生尚无造，既长患若身。

No longer yours than you yourself here live:

已躬既不阅，爰处以厝身。

Against this coming end you should prepare, 

绸缪砌牖户，未雨且束薪。

And your sweet semblance to some other give. 

继体传德业，赋形赆有伦。

So should that beauty which you hold in lease 

借荷赌青岁，君今颜似花；

Find no determination: then you were 

一旦零落去，短长任生涯。

Yourself again, after yourself's decease, 

奄忽随物化，再世寄八遐。

When your sweet issue your sweet form should bear.

哲嗣绍丰貌，克肖承世家；

Who lets so fair a house fall to decay，

大室无中怠， 广厦不令斜。

Which husbandry in honour might uphold 

勤悴以黾勉，救弊或可嘉。

Against the stormy gusts of winter's day 

合冬风如诛，当此万物杀。

And barren rage of death's eternal cold? 

残岁知凡限，日促恨年赊。

O, none but unthrifts: -- Dear my love, you know

方将此中意，枉作荡子嗟，

You had a father; let your son say so.

君既知有父，子道莫令差。

SONNET 14

Not from the stars do I my judgment pluck;

未尝问星数，判自断知闻。

And yet methinks I have astronomy,

然我擅一事，官占识天文。

But not to tell of good or evil luck, 

天命有休咎，宁勿语纷纭。

Of plagues, of dearths, or seasons' quality;

夭疫与岁季，彖定非敢云。

Nor can I fortune to brief minutes tell,  

短世过驹隙，纬时谢不能。

Pointing to each his thunder, rain and wind, 

风雷作云雨，非我愿言称。

Or say with princes if it shall go well,

王孙卜流年，欲我筮佳征。

By oft predict that I in heaven find: 

天机虽知妙，再四缄无应。

But from thine eyes my knowledge I derive,

一自觑君目，我心既已明。

And, constant stars, in them I read such art 

文采藏消息，流盼若恒星。

As truth and beauty shall together thrive,

真美并茂世，德音见替兴。

If from thyself to store thou wouldst convert; 

但教知畜己，保艾能嗣承。

Or else of thee this I prognosticate: 

舍此君危矣，谶言劝惕兢：

Thy end is truth's and beauty's doom and date. 

立槁洛水上，使人叹抚膺。

SONNET 15

When I consider every thing that grows

资始天地间，万物审知周。

Holds in perfection but a little moment,

何彼发秾萃，瞬息去难留。

That this huge stage presenteth nought but shows

云堂无一物，舞榭剩齐优。

Whereon the stars in secret influence comment; 

撒天维箕斗，秘隐运转筹。

When I perceive that men as plants increase, 

我观人之初，蔹蔓若葛生。

Cheered and cheque'd even by the self-same sky, 

彼苍时阻深，或又悦其情。

Vaunt in their youthful sap, at height decrease, 

少年色力健，日仄未识倾，

And wear their brave state out of memory; 

金尽裘将敝，仍忆旧峥嵘。

Then the conceit of this inconstant stay

百岁不坚牢，暂寓寄浮生，

Sets you most rich in youth before my sight, 

君子其展矣，盛貌粲玉英。

Where wasteful Time debateth with Decay, 

急景凋残年，穷阴朽物形,

To change your day of youth to sullied night;

青年易永夜，韶光驰西行。

And all in war with Time for love of you, 

以此媚君意，回戈崦嵫横。

As he takes from you, I engraft you new.

岁华任侵去，从头寿涓彭。

SONNET 16

But wherefore do not you a mightier way

君有勇可贾，作力奋更挥。

Make war upon this bloody tyrant, Time? 

时岁既暴慢，何不伉劲威？

And fortify yourself in your decay 

樗朽重凝坚，疲废起式微。

With means more blessed than my barren rhyme?

胜我觅枯句，天意怜亦归。

Now stand you on the top of happy hours;

人生当嘉乐，君今在盛时。

And many maiden gardens, yet unset

芳园多室女，娇心未有持。

With virtuous wish would bear your living flowers,

愿言为德配，为君散华枝。

Much liker than your painted counterfeit: 

小像拟行乐，克肖属阿谁。

So should the lines of life that life repair, 

短生若留迹，长世缮营基。

Which this (Time's pencil, or my pupil pen), 

流年生化笔，拙椽亦有辞。

Neither in inward worth nor outward fair, 

内外图君貌，德禀与丰仪。

Can make you live yourself in eyes of men.

难为赋永慕，周情乏孔思。

To give away yourself keeps yourself still, 

终须舍身色，方得元命遗。

And you must live, drawn by your own sweet skill. 

君其试行道，长生自可期。

SONNET 17

Who will believe my verse in time to come,

来日竟迟迟，谁其信我言；

If it were fill'd with your most high deserts?

岂伊图盛貌，因以废无传？

Though yet Heaven knows it is but as a tomb 

天实知我诗，鄙猥若坟阡，

Which hides your life and shows not half your parts.

未彰明德半，有讳懋绩宣。

If I could write the beauty of your eyes, 

倘我写灵眸，美盼转流瞋，

And in fresh numbers number all your graces, 

缘情悦淑美，思王赋感甄。

The age to come would say, 'This poet lies, 

来者不能信，“诗家鼓言唇！

Such heavenly touches ne'er touch'd earthly faces.' 

天阁出仙品，何迹蹈光尘。”

So should my papers yellow'd with their age, 

衰黄萎岁月，华章没沈湮。

Be scorn'd like old men of less truth than tongue,

鄙我若顽叟，煌言饰缤纷。

And your true rights be term'd a poet's rage

诗笔原直道，矜诬黜非真。

And stretched metre of an antique song: 

将谓托古曲，矫虚韵不匀。

But were some child of yours alive that time,

但教佳嗣在，人间见眷存。

You should live twice,-- in it and in my rhyme. 

鲤庭与江笔，致君两元身。

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