MTI备考之M君讲翻译㉒
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M君讲翻译系列，每周一练，本周带来一篇英译汉练习材料。本周的练习材料关注到外交方面，文章分析了欧美在国际社会扮演的角色的转变，并通过举例的方式诠释了这种变化。近200年来，欧美在国际上的角色到底发生了什么样的变化呢？赶快跟着M君一起来翻译新材料吧！
Day Day Up
原文：
Why the divergent perspectives? They are not deeply rooted in national character. Two centuries ago American statesmen appealed to international law and disdained "power politics", while European statesmen spoke of raison d'etat. Europeans marched off to World War I believing in power and martial glory, while Americans talked of arbitration treaties. Now the roles have reversed.
Part of the reason is the enormous shift in the balance of power. The gap between the United States and Europe opened wide as a result of World War II and has grown wider in the past decade. America's unparalleled military strength has predictably given it a greater propensity to use force and a more confident belief in the moral legitimacy of power. Europe's relative weakness has produced an aversion to force as a tool of international relations. Europeans today, like Americans 200 years ago, seek a world where strength doesn't matter so much, where unilateral action by powerful nations is forbidden, where all nations regardless of their strength are protected by commonly agreed rules of behavior. For many Europeans, progress toward such a world is more important than eliminating the threat posed by Saddam Hussein. For Americans, the Hobbesian world is not so frightening. Unilateralism is naturally more attractive to those with the capacity to act unilaterally. And international law constrains strong nations more than it does the weak. Because of the disparity of power, Americans and Europeans even view threats differently. A person armed only with a knife may decide that a bear prowling the forest is a tolerable danger -- trying to kill the bear is riskier than lying low and hoping the bear never attacks. But a person with a rifle will likely make a different calculation: Why should he risk being mauled to death if he doesn't need to? Americans could imagine successfully invading Iraq and toppling Saddam, and therefore more than 70 percent of Americans favored that action. Europeans, not surprisingly, found it unimaginable and frightening.
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翻译要点：
raison d'etat [法] (=reason of state) 国家至上主义，国家利益
arbitration 仲裁，公断
propensity 倾向
aversion 厌恶
disparity 不一致，相异
maul 伤害，殴伤
topple 颠覆，推翻
1. America's unparalleled military strength has predictably given it a greater propensity to use force and a more confident belief in the moral legitimacy of power.
give it a greater propensity 可转译为“更加喜好”。
2. Europeans today, like Americans 200 years ago, seek a world where strength doesn't matter so much, where unilateral action by powerful nations is forbidden, where all nations regardless of their strength are protected by commonly agreed rules of behavior.
本句是一个复杂的非限定性定语从句，三个限定性分句属并列关系，翻译时宜根据汉语表达习惯拆开来译。
3. Because of the disparity of power, Americans and Europeans even view threats differently.
view 原为动词，此处根据语境可转换为名词，译作“对...的看法”。
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