《中华人民共和国外商投资法》中英对照修改完善版

前      言

本人于2019年3月16日读书间隙“顺手”翻译完《中华人民共和国外商投资法》的英译初稿。说“顺手”是因为我个人对枯燥文本有阅读障碍，而翻译成英文的过程可以让我更好地理解中文文本内容，于是我经常在阅读中文资料时顺手将其译成英文，有时是为了备课，有时就是为了辅佐自己理解原文，没有任何发表的计划，因此要求也不怎么严格。

该译稿完成后，我只匆忙看过一遍，觉得还完整，就于3月17日在微信公众号《法与译》发布，本想就此打住，继续做其他事情。现在想来不该做这个决定。

因为译稿发布后，复旦大学法学院国际法学科组的师长、同仁给予我极大的鼓励，并在微信群里进行了认真的讨论，还给我指出了一些笔误或误译之处，让我觉得有责任修改完善。感谢之余，我后悔也来不及了，只有修订。期间，我也咨询了母语为英语的朋友，同时，也看了公众号的读者们给我的建议。

修订后的译本于3月22日再次在《法与译》发布，为了表明我就此打住的决心，特意在标题上注明“最终修订版”。

然而，没想到这次发布引起更多学者同仁的关注、鼓励与批评，并得到了线上线下更多有价值的意见和建议，让我有了必须进一步修改的压力。同时，令人高兴的是，坊间也出现了其他译本，比如中国政法大学孔庆江教授的译本，以及威科先行与北大法宝据说也有了译本（后两个译本本人并未看到），这样，我的压力就没有那么大了。

本来不想再更新，但是昨天发布的版本连标题都漏了词且无法修改，感觉这样实在不雅。于是今天再次修订，决定最后一次发布。在注释中表明修改的理由，尤其注明了哪几个词的用法是受到哪些同仁的启发。

由于最近用眼过度，在审稿时深感无力，担心各种typo还会有，大家对今天的版本若有其他意见，请都放到本文的评论区内，并请标注好第几条。

对于各位同仁和读者的关爱，我深表敬意和谢意。因为你们的鼓励和支持，我本来不经意的顺手之作，最后经过反复修改，变得越来越好。之前翻译的《民法总则》（《中华人民共和国民法总则》中英对照 译后记）和美国联邦最高法院作出的有关我国维生素C案的判决（见2017/2018美国最高法院判例译述(5)——中国维生素C案全文翻译）也都是这样先顺手翻译，后来迫于读者的“鼓（ya）励（li）”不得不认真修改，最后前者得以出版，后者也作为判例综述的一部分正式发布。没有你们的关爱，也就没有这些成果。

最后，译无止境，永远没有标准译法。本译本纯粹为学术研究之目的，为其他目的需要译本的，请参照未来的官方权威译本。谢谢支持。

高凌云

中华人民共和国外商投资法

（2019年3月15日第十三届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过）

Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China*

(Adopted at the Second Session of the Thirteenth National People’s Congress on March 15, 2019)

Translated by Lingyun Gao (Professor of Law, Fudan University)[1]

    第一章　总　　则

Chapter I General Provisions

第一条

为了进一步扩大对外开放，积极促进外商投资，保护外商投资合法权益，规范外商投资管理，推动形成全面开放新格局，促进社会主义市场经济健康发展，根据宪法，制定本法。

Article 1  

This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of further opening up [the market], actively promoting foreign investment, protecting the lawful rights and interests of foreign investors, and regulating foreign investment administration, so as to promote and form a new structure of comprehensive opening up in furtherance of healthy development of a socialist market economy.

第二条　

在中华人民共和国境内（以下简称中国境内）的外商投资，适用本法。

本法所称外商投资，是指外国的自然人、企业或者其他组织（以下称外国投资者）直接或者间接在中国境内进行的投资活动，包括下列情形：

     （一）外国投资者单独或者与其他投资者共同在中国境内设立外商投资企业；

    （二）外国投资者取得中国境内企业的股份、股权、财产份额或者其他类似权益；

    （三）外国投资者单独或者与其他投资者共同在中国境内投资新建项目；

    （四）法律、行政法规或者国务院规定的其他方式的投资。

本法所称外商投资企业，是指全部或者部分由外国投资者投资，依照中国法律在中国境内经登记注册设立的企业。

Article 2

This Law applies to foreign investment within the territory of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as “within China”).

“Foreign investment” in this Law refers to investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by one or more natural persons, business entities, or otherwise organizations of a foreign country (hereinafter referred to as “foreign investor”) within China, with the investment activities including the following situations:

1. a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, establishes a foreign-invested enterprise within China;

2. a foreign investor acquires stock shares, equity shares, interests in assets, or other like rights and interests of an enterprise established within China;

3. a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, invests in a new project within China; and

4. [foreign] investments in other forms as provided by law, administrative regulations, or by the State Council. 

“Foreign-invested enterprise” in this Law refers to an enterprise which is wholly or partially[2]invested by foreign investor(s) and duly registered and established within China in accordance with Chinese law.

第三条　

国家坚持对外开放的基本国策，鼓励外国投资者依法在中国境内投资。

国家实行高水平投资自由化便利化政策，建立和完善外商投资促进机制，营造稳定、透明、可预期和公平竞争的市场环境。

Article 3

The opening-up policy is maintained as a basic State policy, and foreign investors are encouraged to invest within China in accordance with law.

The State adopts a high-level investment liberalization and facilitation policy, establishes and improves a mechanism for advancing foreign investment, and creates a market environment with stability, transparency, predictability, and fair competition.

 第四条　

国家对外商投资实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度。

前款所称准入前国民待遇，是指在投资准入阶段给予外国投资者及其投资不低于本国投资者及其投资的待遇；所称负面清单，是指国家规定在特定领域对外商投资实施的准入特别管理措施。国家对负面清单之外的外商投资，给予国民待遇。

负面清单由国务院发布或者批准发布。

中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定对外国投资者准入待遇有更优惠规定的，可以按照相关规定执行。

Article 4

The State adopts[3]an administration system of pre-establishment national treatment[4]plus a negative list for foreign investment.

The pre-establishment national treatment mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to a treatment granted to foreign investors and their investment during investment entry period, which is no less favorable than that granted to domestic investors and their investment; the negative list mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to special administrative measures the State adopts on foreign investment entry in specific sectors. The State grants national treatment to foreign investment in sectors not on the negative list.   

A negative list is to be issued or approved for issuing by the State Council.

Any international treaty or agreement the People’s Republic of China acceded to or entered into that provides more favorable treatment concerning[5]the entry of foreign investors may be implemented in accordance with such relevant rules. 

第五条

国家依法保护外国投资者在中国境内的投资、收益和其他合法权益。    

Article 5

The State protects, in accordance with law, the investments made by foreign investors, their income thereof, and their other lawful rights and interests within China.

第六条

在中国境内进行投资活动的外国投资者、外商投资企业，应当遵守中国法律法规，不得危害中国国家安全、损害社会公共利益。

Article 6

Foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises conducting investment activities within China shall abide by Chinese laws and administrative regulations, and shall not endanger China’s national security or harm social public interests.

第七条

国务院商务主管部门、投资主管部门按照职责分工，开展外商投资促进、保护和管理工作；国务院其他有关部门在各自职责范围内，负责外商投资促进、保护和管理的相关工作。

县级以上地方人民政府有关部门依照法律法规和本级人民政府确定的职责分工，开展外商投资促进、保护和管理工作。

Article 7

The competent departments under the State Council in charge of commerce and investment shall, according to division of their responsibilities, promote, protect, and administer foreign investment; the other departments of the State Council shall, within the scope of their respective responsibilities, be responsible for the affairs relevant to promotion, protection, and administration of foreign investment.

The relevant departments of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to division of their responsibilities determined by law and administrative regulations and by the people’s government at the same level, promote, protect, and administer foreign investment.

第八条

外商投资企业职工依法建立工会组织，开展工会活动，维护职工的合法权益。外商投资企业应当为本企业工会提供必要的活动条件。

Article 8

Employees of a foreign-invested enterprise establish a trade union in accordance with law, which organizes union activities and protects the lawful rights and interests of the employees. Foreign-invested enterprises shall provide necessary conditions for their unions to conduct activities.

 第二章　投资促进

Chapter II Promotion of Investment

第九条

外商投资企业依法平等适用国家支持企业发展的各项政策。

Article 9

Foreign-invested enterprises equally enjoy, in accordance with law, the various State policies supporting the development of enterprises.

第十条

制定与外商投资有关的法律、法规、规章，应当采取适当方式征求外商投资企业的意见和建议。

与外商投资有关的规范性文件、裁判文书等，应当依法及时公布。

Article 10

Before a law, regulation, or rule concerning foreign investment is made, an appropriate measure shall be adopted to obtain opinions and suggestions from foreign-invested enterprises.

Any regulatory or adjudicative documents relating to foreign investment shall be timely publicized in accordance with law.

第十一条

国家建立健全外商投资服务体系，为外国投资者和外商投资企业提供法律法规、政策措施、投资项目信息等方面的咨询和服务。

Article 11

The State establishes and improves[6]a system serving foreign investment which provides consultation and service to foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises regarding laws, administrative regulations, policy measures, and information relating to investment projects.

第十二条

国家与其他国家和地区、国际组织建立多边、双边投资促进合作机制，加强投资领域的国际交流与合作。

Article 12

The State establishes multilateral and bilateral investment cooperative institutions with other countries, regions, or international organizations to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation concerning investment. 

第十三条

国家根据需要，设立特殊经济区域，或者在部分地区实行外商投资试验性政策措施，促进外商投资，扩大对外开放。

Article 13

The State may, as needed, establish special economic zones or implement pioneering policy measures on foreign investment in certain regions to promote foreign investment and further [market] opening-up.

第十四条

国家根据国民经济和社会发展需要，鼓励和引导外国投资者在特定行业、领域、地区投资。外国投资者、外商投资企业可以依照法律、行政法规或者国务院的规定享受优惠待遇。

Article 14

The State, as needed for developing national economy and society, encourages and guides foreign investors to invest in specific industries, sectors, or regions. Foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises may enjoy preferential treatment in accordance with law, administrative regulations, or rules made by the State Council.

第十五条

国家保障外商投资企业依法平等参与标准制定工作，强化标准制定的信息公开和社会监督。

国家制定的强制性标准平等适用于外商投资企业。

Article 15

The State ensures that foreign-invested enterprises equally participate in standard-setting[7]in accordance with law, strengthening information disclosure of and social supervision on the standard-setting.

The mandatory standards established by the State equally apply to foreign-invested enterprises.

第十六条

国家保障外商投资企业依法通过公平竞争参与政府采购活动。政府采购依法对外商投资企业在中国境内生产的产品、提供的服务平等对待。

Article 16

The State ensures that foreign-invested enterprises participate in government procurement through fair competition. The products produced or services provided by foreign-invested enterprises within China are equally treated in government procurement in accordance with law.

第十七条

外商投资企业可以依法通过公开发行股票、公司债券等证券和其他方式进行融资。

Article 17

Foreign-invested enterprises may obtain financing through public offering of securities such as stocks or corporate debts, as well as through other methods.

第十八条

县级以上地方人民政府可以根据法律、行政法规、地方性法规的规定，在法定权限内制定外商投资促进和便利化政策措施。

Article 18

Local people’s governments at or above the county level may, according to the provisions of law, administrative regulations, and local legislations and within their legally delegated authorities, take policy measures to promote and facilitate foreign investment.

第十九条

各级人民政府及其有关部门应当按照便利、高效、透明的原则，简化办事程序，提高办事效率，优化政务服务，进一步提高外商投资服务水平。

有关主管部门应当编制和公布外商投资指引，为外国投资者和外商投资企业提供服务和便利。

Article 19

The local people’s governments at different levels and the relevant departments thereof shall, under the principles of facilitation, efficiency, and transparency, simplify procedures, improve efficiency, provide better administrative services, and further improve the standard for serving foreign investment.

The relevant departments in charge shall formulate and publicize foreign investment guidelines to serve for and facilitate foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises.

第三章　投资保护

Chapter III Protection of Investment    

第二十条

国家对外国投资者的投资不实行征收。

在特殊情况下，国家为了公共利益的需要，可以依照法律规定对外国投资者的投资实行征收或者征用。征收、征用应当依照法定程序进行，并及时给予公平、合理的补偿。

Article 20

The State does not expropriate foreign investors’ investments.[8]

Under special circumstances, the State may, as required by public interests and in accordance with law, expropriate or requisition the investment of foreign investors. The expropriation or requisition shall be conducted in accordance with legally provided procedures, and fair and reasonable compensation shall be made in a prompt manner.

第二十一条

外国投资者在中国境内的出资、利润、资本收益、资产处置所得、知识产权许可使用费、依法获得的补偿或者赔偿、清算所得等，可以依法以人民币或者外汇自由汇入、汇出。

Article 21

The capital contribution made by foreign investors within China, and the profits, capital gains, proceeds out of asset disposal, intellectual property rights’ licensing fee, indemnity or compensation legally obtained, or proceeds received upon liquidation[9]by foreign investors within China, may be[10]freely remitted inward and outward in RMB yuan or a foreign currency.

第二十二条

国家保护外国投资者和外商投资企业的知识产权，保护知识产权权利人和相关权利人的合法权益；对知识产权侵权行为，严格依法追究法律责任。

国家鼓励在外商投资过程中基于自愿原则和商业规则开展技术合作。技术合作的条件由投资各方遵循公平原则平等协商确定。行政机关及其工作人员不得利用行政手段强制转让技术。

Article 22

The State protects the intellectual property rights of foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises, protects the lawful rights and interests of intellectual property right holders and relevant right holders thereof, and strictly holds those who infringe upon other’s intellectual property rights legally accountable.

The State encourages technological cooperation during the process of foreign investment based on the principle of voluntariness and other commercial rules. The conditions for technological cooperation are to be determined through equal negotiation by the investors in compliance with the principle of fairness. Administrative agencies and their employees shall not force technological transfer through administrative measures.

第二十三条

行政机关及其工作人员对于履行职责过程中知悉的外国投资者、外商投资企业的商业秘密，应当依法予以保密，不得泄露或者非法向他人提供。

Article 23

Administrative agencies and their employees shall, in accordance with law, keep confidential the commercial secrets of foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises they obtain in performing their duties, and shall not disclose or illegally provide such information to others.

第二十四条

各级人民政府及其有关部门制定涉及外商投资的规范性文件，应当符合法律法规的规定；没有法律、行政法规依据的，不得减损外商投资企业的合法权益或者增加其义务，不得设置市场准入和退出条件，不得干预外商投资企业的正常生产经营活动。

Article 24

When making regulatory documents concerning foreign investment,  local people’s governments at different levels and the relevant departments thereof shall comply to provisions of law and administrative regulations; without a basis in law or administrative regulations, the lawful rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises shall not be derogated, their obligations shall not be augmented, conditions for market entry and exit shall not be imposed, and the normal production and operation activities of foreign-invested enterprises shall not be intervened.

第二十五条

地方各级人民政府及其有关部门应当履行向外国投资者、外商投资企业依法作出的政策承诺以及依法订立的各类合同。

因国家利益、社会公共利益需要改变政策承诺、合同约定的，应当依照法定权限和程序进行，并依法对外国投资者、外商投资企业因此受到的损失予以补偿。

Article 25

Local people’s governments at different levels and the relevant departments thereof shall honor their commitments on policies made in accordance with law to foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises, and perform the contracts entered into therewith in accordance with law.

Where it is necessary for them to change such a policy commitment or a contract for national or social public interest purpose, it shall be done within their legally delegated authority and in accordance with legal procedure, and the damage thus suffered by foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises shall be compensated in accordance with law.

第二十六条

国家建立外商投资企业投诉工作机制，及时处理外商投资企业或者其投资者反映的问题，协调完善相关政策措施。

外商投资企业或者其投资者认为行政机关及其工作人员的行政行为侵犯其合法权益的，可以通过外商投资企业投诉工作机制申请协调解决。

外商投资企业或者其投资者认为行政机关及其工作人员的行政行为侵犯其合法权益的，除依照前款规定通过外商投资企业投诉工作机制申请协调解决外，还可以依法申请行政复议、提起行政诉讼。

Article 26

The State establishes a mechanism for foreign-invested enterprises to lodge complaints, in order to timely resolve the issues presented by foreign-invested enterprises or their investors, and to coordinate and improve the relevant policy measures.

Where foreign-invested enterprises or their investors believe that an administrative act conducted by an administrative agency and its employee(s) infringes upon their lawful rights and interests, they may apply for coordination and resolution through such complaining mechanism for foreign-invested enterprises.

Where foreign-invested enterprises or their investors believe that an administrative act conducted by an administrative agency and its employee(s) infringes upon their lawful rights and interests, they may apply for administrative review or initiate an administrative litigation in accordance with law, in addition to applying for coordination and resolution through the complaining mechanism for foreign-invested enterprises.

第二十七条

外商投资企业可以依法成立和自愿参加商会、协会。商会、协会依照法律法规和章程的规定开展相关活动，维护会员的合法权益。

Article 27

Foreign-invested enterprises may establish and voluntarily participate in a chamber of commerce or an association in accordance with law. The chamber of commerce and associations organize relevant activities in accordance with law, administrative regulations, and their articles of association, and safeguard the lawful rights and interests of their members.

第四章　投资管理

Chapter IV Administration of Investment    

第二十八条

外商投资准入负面清单规定禁止投资的领域，外国投资者不得投资。

外商投资准入负面清单规定限制投资的领域，外国投资者进行投资应当符合负面清单规定的条件。

外商投资准入负面清单以外的领域，按照内外资一致的原则实施管理。

Article 28

Foreign investors shall not invest in the sectors on the negative list of foreign investment entry[11]that foreign investment is prohibited.

Foreign investors investing in a sector listed on the negative list of foreign investment entry as a restricted sector shall satisfy the requirements provided in the negative list.

Foreign investment in a sector not listed on the negative list of foreign investment entry shall be administered according to the principle that domestic and foreign investments are treated alike.

第二十九条

外商投资需要办理投资项目核准、备案的，按照国家有关规定执行。

Article 29

Where an investment project in a foreign investment is required by the State to obtain approval or enter into the record, such relevant rules shall be followed.

第三十条

外国投资者在依法需要取得许可的行业、领域进行投资的，应当依法办理相关许可手续。

有关主管部门应当按照与内资一致的条件和程序，审核外国投资者的许可申请，法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。

Article 30

A foreign investor investing in an industry or sector that requires a license shall obtain the relevant license in accordance with law.

Unless otherwise provided by law or administrative regulations, the relevant departments in charge shall review foreign investors’ application for a license in accordance with the same conditions and procedures for domestic investors.

第三十一条

外商投资企业的组织形式、组织机构及其活动准则，适用《中华人民共和国公司法》、《中华人民共和国合伙企业法》等法律的规定。

Article 31 

The form of organization, the organizational structure, and the bylaws of foreign-invested enterprises shall conform to the provisions of the laws such as the Corporation Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Partnership Enterprises.

第三十二条

外商投资企业开展生产经营活动，应当遵守法律、行政法规有关劳动保护、社会保险的规定，依照法律、行政法规和国家有关规定办理税收、会计、外汇等事宜，并接受相关主管部门依法实施的监督检查。

Article 32

Foreign-invested enterprises, when engaging in production and operation activities, shall observe the provisions of the law and administrative regulations regarding labor protection and social insurance, handle the matters relating to taxation, accounting, and foreign exchanges, etc. according to the provisions of law, administrative regulations, and the relevant rules of the State, and accept supervision and inspection of the relevant departments as authorized by law.

第三十三条

　外国投资者并购中国境内企业或者以其他方式参与经营者集中的，应当依照《中华人民共和国反垄断法》的规定接受经营者集中审查。

Article 33

A foreign investor that acquires an enterprise established within China or participates in concentration of business operators through other ways shall accept review of such in accordance with the Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China.

第三十四条

国家建立外商投资信息报告制度。外国投资者或者外商投资企业应当通过企业登记系统以及企业信用信息公示系统向商务主管部门报送投资信息。

外商投资信息报告的内容和范围按照确有必要的原则确定；通过部门信息共享能够获得的投资信息，不得再行要求报送。

Article 34

The State establishes a mechanism for reporting foreign investment information. Foreign investors or foreign-invested enterprises shall, through the enterprise registration system and the enterprise credit information disclosure system, report investment information to the competent departments in charge of commerce.

The content and coverage of foreign investment information report are determined based on the principle of actual necessity; the investment information available through the inter-departmental[12]information sharing system shall not be required to further report.

第三十五条

国家建立外商投资安全审查制度，对影响或者可能影响国家安全的外商投资进行安全审查。

依法作出的安全审查决定为最终决定。

Article 35

The State establishes a security review system for foreign investment to review the foreign investments that affect or may affect national security.

The security review decision made in accordance with law is final.

第五章　法律责任

Chapter V Legal Liability   

第三十六条

外国投资者投资外商投资准入负面清单规定禁止投资的领域的，由有关主管部门责令停止投资活动，限期处分股份、资产或者采取其他必要措施，恢复到实施投资前的状态；有违法所得的，没收违法所得。

外国投资者的投资活动违反外商投资准入负面清单规定的限制性准入特别管理措施的，由有关主管部门责令限期改正，采取必要措施满足准入特别管理措施的要求；逾期不改正的，依照前款规定处理。

外国投资者的投资活动违反外商投资准入负面清单规定的，除依照前两款规定处理外，还应当依法承担相应的法律责任。

Article 36

Where a foreign investor invests in a sector listed on the negative list of foreign investment entry as a prohibited sector, the relevant department in charge shall order it to stop investment activities, and dispose of shares or assets, or adopt other necessary measures within a specified period of time to restore it to the status prior to the investment was made; any illegal gains shall be forfeited. 

Where a foreign investor’s investment activity is in violation of the special administrative measures on a sector listed on the negative list of foreign investment entry as a restrictive sector, the relevant department in charge shall order it to make correction within a specified period of time and to adopt necessary measures to satisfy the requirements imposed by the special administrative measures; if correction is not made within the specified period of time, the provisions in the preceding paragraph shall be applied.

Where a foreign investor’s investment activity is in violation of the rules provided by the negative list of foreign investment entry, the foreign investor shall assume, in addition to the consequences as provided in the preceding two paragraphs, corresponding legal liability in accordance with law.

第三十七条

外国投资者、外商投资企业违反本法规定，未按照外商投资信息报告制度的要求报送投资信息的，由商务主管部门责令限期改正；逾期不改正的，处十万元以上五十万元以下的罚款。

Article 37

Where a foreign investor or a foreign invested-enterprise has violated this Law by failing to submit investment information in compliance with the requirements of the foreign investment information reporting system, the competent department in charge of commerce shall order it to make correction within a specified period of time; if correction has not been made within the specified period of time, a fine no less than 100,000 yuan but no more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed.

第三十八条

对外国投资者、外商投资企业违反法律、法规的行为，由有关部门依法查处，并按照国家有关规定纳入信用信息系统。

Article 38

The relevant departments shall, in accordance with law, investigate and deal with the conduct of foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises in violation of law or administrative administrations, and enter such information into the credit information system according to the relevant rules of the State.

第三十九条

行政机关工作人员在外商投资促进、保护和管理工作中滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的，或者泄露、非法向他人提供履行职责过程中知悉的商业秘密的，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 39

Employees of administrative agencies who misuse their authority, neglect their duty, or commit corruption, or who disclose or illegally provide to others any commercial secrets obtained through performing their duties, shall be sanctioned in accordance with law; if any of the above conducts constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be imposed.

第六章　附　　则

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

第四十条

任何国家或者地区在投资方面对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者该地区采取相应的措施。

Article 40

Where a country or region adopts measures relating to investment that discriminate against the People’s Republic of China, including prohibitions, restrictions, and other similar measures, the People’s Republic of China may adopt similar measures against such country or region based on the actual situation.

第四十一条

对外国投资者在中国境内投资银行业、证券业、保险业等金融行业，或者在证券市场、外汇市场等金融市场进行投资的管理，国家另有规定的，依照其规定。

Article 41

In connection with administration of foreign investors’ investments in financial industries such as the banking, securities, and insurance industries, or investments in financial markets such as securities market or foreign exchange market, any special rules of the State, if any, shall be followed.

第四十二条

本法自2020年1月1日起施行。《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国外资企业法》、《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》同时废止。

本法施行前依照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国外资企业法》、《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》设立的外商投资企业，在本法施行后五年内可以继续保留原企业组织形式等。具体实施办法由国务院规定。

Article 42

This Law shall take effect since January 1, 2020. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on China-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises, and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on China-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures shall be repealed at the same time.

The foreign-invested enterprises established under the Law of the People’s Republic of China on China-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises, or the Law of the People’s Republic of China on China-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures prior to the implementation of this Law may maintain their original organization forms within five years since this Law takes effect. Specific implementation rules shall be made by the State Council.

注  释：

---

* This translation is for academic research purpose only. If there is any discrepancy between this translation and the Chinese version of the Law, please refer to the original Chinese version.

[1]The translator would like to thank Norm Page, Esq. for his valuable comments on the overall translation, and Prof. Baihua Gong and Prof. Zhi’an Lu for their sharing of thoughts. 

[2]本词语参照中国政法大学孔庆江老师译本（刊发于微信公众号《外宣微记2019年3月22日》，以下简称为“孔氏译本”）修改。孔氏译本原文如下：

Foreign-invested enterprises mentioned in this Law refer to enterprises that are wholly or partly invested by foreign investors and registered within the territory of China under the Chinese laws.

[3]本法中有很多条款有关国家，法条原文中既没有“应当”，也没有“可以”，为避免歧义，尤其避免给国家强加原文没有强加的义务，因此笔者一般直接用动词的现在时态表述，以尊重原文。

[4]关于“准入”，从投资者的角度看，理论上应当是“market entry”，“准入前国民待遇”应当是“pre-entry national treatment”；如果从未来将要设立的外商投资企业的角度看，“准入”可以用“establishment”，投资者准入前，也就是外企设立前，可以译为“pre-establishment”。对于如何理解在投资者进入、投资企业设立前所谓的国民待遇，有些难度。然而，中美正在谈判的BIT中用了pre-establishment，因此，笔者也沿用；更重要的是因为本条第二款紧接着将其解释为“投资准入阶段”的国民待遇，因此避免了歧义。

[5]本词语根据西安交大法学院王鹏老师在微信公众号《法与译》中对本译文初稿的评论意见修改。

[6]本词语参照孔氏译本修改。

[7]本词语根据微信公众号《法与译》的读者YU对本译文初稿的评论意见修改。

[8]这是笔者最初的译法，后因纠结于本条是否为国家义务而反复思量，曾一度改为被动式。本次修订决定按照法条原文语序进行调整。

[9]该词语参照“孔氏版本”修改。

[10]感谢复旦大学法学院龚柏华老师指出这个笔误。

[11]关于“外商投资准入负面清单”，也有几种译法，比如“the negative list of foreign investment admittance”“the negative list of foreign investment establishment”，根据Norm Page先生的建议，认为“admittance”一词比较随意，不适合用于法律条文中，因此笔者最后决定用entry。

[12]该词语受“孔氏版本”启发而作此修改。

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