约翰·但恩《神学冥想》
I
Thou hast made me, And shall thy worke decay?
Repaire me now, for now mine end doth haste,
I runne to death, and death meets me as fast,
And all my pleasures are like yesterday,
I dare not move my dimme eyes any way,
Despaire behind, and death before doth cast
Such terrour, and my feeble flesh doth waste
By sinne in it, which it t'wards hell doth weigh;
Onely thou art above, and when towards thee
By thy leave I can looke, I rise againe;
But our old subtle foe so tempteth me,
That not one houre my selfe I can sustaine;
Thy Grace may wing me to prevent his art
And thou like Adamant draw mine iron heart.
II
As due by many titles I resigne
My selfe to thee, O God, first I was made
By thee, and for thee, and when I was decay'd
Thy blood bought that, the which before was thine,
I am thy sonne, made with thy selfe to shine,
Thy servant, whose paines thou hast still repaid,
Thy sheepe, thine Image, and till I betray'd
My selfe, a temple of thy Spirit divine;
Why doth the devill then usurpe on mee?
Why doth he steale, nay ravish that's thy right?
Except thou rise and for thine owne worke fight,
Oh I shall soone despaire, when I doe see
That thou lov'st mankind well, yet wilt'not chuse me,
And Satan hates mee, yet is loth to lose mee.
您的血赎回了我，我原先就属于您；
我是您的儿子，被造得与您同辉煌；
您的仆人，他的辛苦您总是已偿还；
您的绵羊，您的影像，且在我背叛
自己之前，还是您圣灵的一座庙堂；
那么，为什么魔鬼要把我侵占篡夺？
为什么他窃取，不，强夺您的特权？
除非您奋起，为您自己的作品而战，
啊，我很快就会绝望，在我真切地
看清您热爱人类，却不愿把我选择，
撒旦仇恨我，却不肯失去我的时刻。
III
O might those sighes and teares returne againe
Into my breast and eyes, which I have spent,
That I might in this holy discontent
Mourne with some fruit, as I have mourn'd in vaine;
In my Idolatry what showres of raine
Mine eyes did waste? what griefs my heart did rent?
That sufferance was my sinne; now I repent;
'Cause I did suffer I must suffer paine.
Th'hydroptique drunkard, and night-scouting thiefe,
The itchy Lecher, and selfe tickling proud
Have the remembrance of past joyes, for reliefe
Of comming ills. To (poore) me is allow'd
No ease; for, long, yet vehement griefe hath beene
Th'effect and cause, the punishment and sinne.
虔敬的不满中，伤悼出一些结果；
在我崇拜偶像时，我的心曾付出
何等忧伤？我的眼曾浪费多少泪？
那苦难是我的罪孽，如今我痛悔；
因为我曾遭罪，就必须忍受痛苦。
贪杯的醉鬼，和夤夜游荡的窃贼，
发痒的淫棍，和洋洋自得的狂徒
都有对往日欢乐的记忆，可稍解
即将来临的病痛。可怜我却毫无
安宁；因为那长久而强烈的伤悲
已既是果，又是因，既是罚，又是罪。
IV
Oh my blacke Soule! now thou art summoned
By sicknesse, deaths herald, and champion;
Thou art like a pilgrim, which abroad hath done
Treason, and durst not turne to whence hee is fled,
Or like a thiefe, which till deaths doome be read,
Wisheth himselfe delivered from prison;
But damn'd and hal'd to execution,
Wisheth that still he might be imprisoned;
Yet grace, if thou repent, thou canst not lacke;
But who shall give thee that grace to beginne?
Oh make thy selfe with holy mourning blacke,
And red with blushing, as thou art with sinne;
Or wash thee in Christs blood, which hath this might
That being red, it dyes red soules to white.
叛逆，而不敢回到他逃离的国境，
或者像一个窃贼，一直到宣判前，
都希冀他自己能够从牢狱获释；
可是在被判极刑，拉出去处决时，
却希望他能够永远囚禁在牢监；
然而，你不会缺恩典，只要你忏悔；
可是谁将给你恩典以开始悔忏？
啊，把你自己用虔诚的悲哀染黑，
用羞愧染红，一如你用罪孽浸染；
或用基督血洗涤你，它有这神力：
尽管是红的，却能把红灵魂漂白。
V
I am a little world made cunningly
Of Elements, and an Angelike spright,
But black sinne hath betraid to endlesse night
My worlds both parts, and (oh) both parts must die.
You which beyond that heaven which was most high
Have found new sphears, and of new lands can write,
Powre new seas in mine eyes, that so I might
Drowne my world with my weeping earnestly,
Or wash it, if it must be drown'd no more:
But oh it must be burnt; alas the fire
Of lust and envie have burnt it heretofore,
And made it fouler; Let those flames retire,
And burne me ô Lord, with a fiery zeale
Of thee and thy house, which doth in eating heale.
出卖给无尽长夜，啊，两部分必死去。
你们，在那曾是最高层的天穹之外
发现新天体，且能描述新陆地的学者，
请给我眼中注入新的海水，好让我
可以用真诚的哭泣来淹没我的世界，
或者冲洗它，如果它注定不再被淹没：
可是，呵，它注定将要被焚毁；咳哟，
欲望和嫉妒之火此前已将它焚烧过，
使它更龌龊；主啊，让这些火焰退却，
用您和您屋宅中一片如火热诚焚烧
我吧，那火焰会一边吞噬，一边治疗。
VI
This is my playes last scene, here heavens appoint
My pilgrimages last mile; and my race
Idly, yet quickly runne, hath this last pace,
My spans last inch, my minutes latest point,
And gluttonous death, will instantly unjoynt
My body, and my soule, and I shall sleepe a space,
But my'ever-waking part shall see that face,
Whose feare already shakes my every joynt:
Then, as my soule, to'heaven her first seate, takes flight,
And earth-borne body, in the earth shall dwell,
So, fall my sinnes, that all may have their right,
To where they'are bred, and would presse me, to hell.
Impute me righteous, thus purg'd of evill,
For thus I leave the world, the flesh, the devill.
一拃的最后一寸，一分钟的最后一点；
贪婪的死神，将会在瞬息间分裂析解
我的肉体和灵魂，我将会沉睡一时间，
但我永远清醒的部分将看见那张脸，
那赫赫威严早已震散我每一处关节：
到那时，灵魂朝天国，她的首座，将飞升，
出生于尘土的肉体，将回到尘土居住，
同样，我的罪孽，有各自的权利，将坠沉
到它们的滋生地，还想把我，压入地狱。
给我灌输正义吧，如此便涤除了邪恶，
因为像这样，我离弃人世、肉欲和恶魔。
VII
At the round earths imagin'd corners, blow
Your trumpets, Angells, and arise, arise
From death, you numberlesse infinities
Of soules, and to your scattred bodies goe,
All whom the flood did, and fire shall o'erthrow,
All whom warre, dearth, age, agues, tyrannies,
Despaire, law, chance, hath slaine, and you whose eyes,
Shall behold God, and never tast deaths woe,
But let them sleepe, Lord, and mee mourne a space,
For, if above all these, my sinnes abound,
'Tis late to aske abundance of thy grace,
When wee are there; here on this lowly ground,
Teach mee how to repent; for that's as good
As if thou'hadst seal'd my pardon, with thy blood.
七
在这圆形大地假想的四角落，吹起
你们的号角，天使；起来，从死亡之中
起来吧，你们，无数无量无尽的灵魂，
去找你们散布于世界各处的躯体，
所有被洪水淹溺、将被烈火煎熬者，
所有被战争、饥荒、老年、疟疾、暴政、
绝望、法律、不测所杀害者，还有你们，
将亲睹上帝，永不品尝死亡之苦者。
但是让他们且酣睡，主，我哀哭片刻，
因为，如果在这些之上，我的罪繁衍，
我们到了那里时，再求您无量恩泽
就来不及了；在这里，在这低下地面，
教我如何悔过自新吧；因为这恰如
您已用您的鲜血，印可对我的宽恕。
VIII
If faithfull soules be alike glorifi'd
As Angels, then my fathers soule doth see,
And adds this even to full felicitie,
That valiantly I hels wide mouth o'rstride:
But if our mindes to these soules be descry'd
By circumstances, and by signes that be
Apparent in us, not immediately,
How shall my mindes white truth by them be try'd?
They see idolatrous lovers weepe and mourne,
And vile blasphemous Conjurers to call
On Iesus name, and Pharisaicall
Dissemblers feigne devotion. Then turne
O pensive soule, to God, for he knowes best
Thy true griefe, for he put it in my breast.
八
如果坚信的灵魂如天使一般能够
得荣耀，那我父亲的灵魂确实目睹，
甚至还把这荣耀给完满幸福补足，
这使我勇敢地跨越地狱大张的口：
但是，如果我们的心意并没有立刻
借周围环境和我们内心显现的征迹
展示给这些灵魂，那么我的心意
洁白的真诚将如何接受它们考核？
它们目睹拜偶像的恋人哀伤哭泣，
卑劣而亵渎神圣的巫师术士口诵
耶稣基督的名号，以及外表虔诚
伪善者假装虔敬坚信。那么，就，皈依
上帝吧，忧悒的灵魂，因祂最为了解
你真正忧伤，是祂把它放进我心窝。
IX
If poysonous mineralls, and if that tree,
Whose fruit threw death on else immortall us,
If lecherous goats, if serpents envious
Cannot be damn'd; Alas; why should I bee?
Why should intent or reason, borne in mee,
Make sinnes, else equall, in mee, more heinous?
And mercy being easie, and glorious
To God, in his sterne wrath, why threatens hee?
But who am I, that dare dispute with thee?
O God, Oh! of thine onely worthy blood,
And my teares, make a heavenly Lethean flood,
And drowne in it my sinnes blacke memorie;
That thou remember them, some claime as debt,
I thinke it mercy, if thou wilt forget.
九
假如含有毒素的矿物，假如那棵树——
其果实给否则不死的我们抛下死亡，
假如那嫉妒的毒蛇，假如淫荡的山羊
不会遭贬谪；咳呀，为什么我就该受苦？
为什么我脑中生出的意念或理智会使
否则同等的罪孽在我身体内更凶恶？
既然怜悯既容易又光荣，对上帝来说，
为什么他在狂暴的愤怒中恫吓威逼？
可是我又算什么，竟胆敢与您抗辩？
上帝哟，哦！用唯您才有的宝贵鲜血
和我的泪水，造一股天国的忘川洪波，
把我的罪孽的黑色记忆淹没在里边；
您记得某些人，他们把这当债务索还，
如果您情愿忘却，我将此倒视为悯怜。
X
Death be not proud, though some have called thee
Mighty and dreadfull, for, thou art not soe,
For, those, whom thou think'st, thou dost overthrow,
Die not, poore death, nor yet canst thou kill mee;
From rest and sleepe, which but thy pictures bee,
Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow,
And soonest our best men with thee doe goe,
Rest of their bones, and soules deliverie.
Thou art slave to Fate, chance, kings, and desperate men,
And dost with poyson, warre, and sicknesse dwell,
And poppie, or charmes can make us sleepe as well,
And better then thy stroake; why swell'st thou then?
One short sleepe past, wee wake eternally,
And death shall be no more, Death, thou shalt die.
十
死神，别得意，虽然有些人曾经说你
强大而可怕，因为，你其实并非如此，
因为，那些你以为打倒的人并不死，
可怜的死神，而你也无法把我杀死；
休息和睡眠，只是你的影像，从中却
流出许多快乐，那么，你那里必流出
更多；很快我们的优秀者随你而去，
他们的骸骨得休息，灵魂也得解脱。
你是命运、机遇、君王和亡命之徒的
奴隶，与毒药、战争和疾病同居做伴；
罂粟，或符咒也能使我们入睡安眠，
比你的打击更有效；那你为何自负呢？
一次短暂的睡眠后，我们长醒不寐，
死亡将不再存在；死神，必死的是你。
XI
Spit in my face yee Jewes, and pierce my side,
Buffet, and scoffe, scourge, and crucifie mee,
For I have sinn'd, and sinn'd, and onely hee,
Who could do no iniquitie, hath dyed:
But by my death can not be satisfied
My sinnes, which passe the Jewes impiety:
They kill'd once an inglorious man, but I
Crucifie him daily, being now glorified.
Oh let mee then, his strange love still admire:
Kings pardon but he bore our punishment.
And Iacob came cloth'd in vile harsh attire
But to supplant, and with gainfull intent:
God cloth'd himselfe in vile mans flesh, that so
Hee might be weake enough to suffer woe.
十一
唾我脸面，你们犹太人，刺我肋，
殴打，嘲弄，鞭笞，钉我于十字架，
因为我一再犯罪，犯罪，唯独祂，
不会做不义之事的人，却已死。
可是，我的罪甚于犹太人不敬，
我的死不足以抵偿我的罪孽：
他们曾杀死一无名之人，我却
天天钉磔他，如今祂已获荣名。
啊，就让我常钦仰祂非常的爱：
君王赦罪，祂却替我们受惩处。
雅各身披简陋粗糙的外衣来
冒名顶替，只怀着获利的意图；
上帝祂披上卑微的肉身，以便
可变得足够弱小，以遭受苦难。
XII
Why are wee by all creatures waited on?
Why doe the prodigall elements supply
Life and food to mee, being more pure then I,
Simple, and further from corruption?
Why brook'st thou, ignorant horse, subjection?
Why dost thou bull, and bore so seelily
Dissemble weaknesse, and by'one mans stroke die,
Whose whole kinde, you might swallow and feed upon?
Weaker I am, woe is mee, and worse then you,
You have not sinn'd, nor need be timorous,
But wonder at a greater wonder, for to us
Created nature doth these things subdue,
But their Creator, whom sin, nor nature tyed,
For us, his Creatures, and his foes, hath dyed.
十二
为什么我们为所有生物所供养？
种种丰富元素比起我，更纯粹，
更单纯，而且更远离堕落腐败，
为什么却给我供应生命和食粮？
无知的马儿，为什么忍受奴役？
野牛、野猪，为什么如此憨痴，
佯装懦弱，丧生于一人的打击？
他的全族类，你们都可能吞食。
我比你们更弱、更坏，真痛苦，
你们不曾犯罪，就不必要惧畏。
但更大的奇迹令人惊奇，因为
造就的自然给我们养育这万物，
造物者，不受原罪或自然束羁，
却为我们，所造物兼敌人，而死。
XIII
What if this present were the worlds last night?
Marke in my heart, O Soule, where thou dost dwell,
The picture of Christ crucified, and tell
Whether that countenance can thee affright,
Teares in his eyes quench the amasing light,
Blood fills his frownes, which from his pierc'd head fell,
And can that tongue adjudge thee unto hell,
Which pray'd forgivenesse for his foes fierce spight?
No, no; but as in my idolatrie
I said to all my profane mistresses,
Beauty, of pitty, foulnesse onely is
A signe of rigour: so I say to thee,
To wicked spirits are horrid shapes assign'd,
This beauteous forme assures a pitious minde.
十三
假如现在是世界末日的前夜怎么办？
灵魂哟，在我的心中，你的住处居所，
刻画救主基督受难的形象，且说说
那样的容颜会不会让你感到骇然，
祂眼里泪水会不会浇熄目光如炬，
刺伤的头颅流血会不会积满眉头，
那条为敌人的穷凶极恶祈祷恳求
宽恕的舌头，会不会判你堕入地狱？
不，不；而正如在崇拜偶像的年月，
我对所有渎神的情人说过这言辞：
美丽，乃是怜悯的象征，丑陋则只是
一种刻薄标志；现在我对你如是说：
邪恶精灵被赋予可憎可怕的外形；
这美好形容保证有一颗悲悯心灵。
XIV
Batter my heart, three person'd God; for, you
As yet but knocke, breathe, shine, and seeke to mend;
That I may rise, and stand, o'erthrow mee, 'and bend
Your force, to breake, blowe, burn and make me new.
I, like an usurpt towne, to'another due,
Labour to'admit you, but Oh, to no end,
Reason your viceroy in mee, mee should defend,
But is captiv'd, and proves weake or untrue,
Yet dearely'I love you,' and would be lov'd faine,
But am betroth'd unto your enemie,
Divorce mee, 'untie, or breake that knot againe,
Take mee to you, imprison mee, for I
Except you'enthrall mee, never shall be free,
Nor ever chast, except you ravish mee.
十四
砸烂我的心，三位一体的上帝；因为您
仍旧只敲打、呵气、磨光，试图要修补；
为使我爬起、站立，就该打翻我，集聚
力量，粉碎、鼓风、焚烧，重铸我一新。
我，像被夺的城池，欠另一主子的赋税，
努力要接纳您，可是，哦，却没有结果；
理智，您在我身中的摄政，本应保卫我，
却被捕成囚，并被证明是懦弱或不忠实。
然而，我深深爱恋您，也乐于为您所爱，
可是我，却偏偏被许配给您的寇仇死敌；
让我离婚吧，重新解开，或扯断那纽带，
抢走我，归您所有，幽禁起我吧，因为
我永远不会获得自由，除非您奴役我，
我也从不曾保守贞洁，除非您强奸我。
XV
Wilt thou love God, as he thee! then digest,
My Soule, this wholsome meditation,
How God the Spirit, by Angels waited on
In heaven, doth make his Temple in thy brest,
The Father having begot a Sonne most blest,
And still begetting, (for he ne'r begonne)
Hath deign'd to chuse thee by adoption,
Coheire to'his glory, 'and Sabbaths endlesse rest;
And as a robb'd man, which by search doth finde
His stolne stuffe sold, must lose or buy'it againe:
The Sonne of glory came downe, and was slaine,
Us whom he'had made, and Satan stolne, to unbinde.
'Twas much, that man was made like God before,
But, that God should be made like man, much more.
十五
你可情愿爱上帝，一如祂爱你？那么，
我的灵魂，就体会这有益健康的冥想：
圣灵上帝，有众天使在天国服侍供养，
竟如何把他的殿堂建筑在你的心窝。
天父已经生育有一个最有福的儿子，
而且永远在生育，（因为祂无始无终）
现在又屈尊选你做养子，以共同继承
“祂的荣耀”，以及安息日的无尽休憩。
犹如遭窃者寻访发现他被盗的财物
已经被转卖，便必须放弃或重新买回：
那荣耀的圣子降临到世上，让人杀害，
为把祂所造、被撒旦偷去的我们解救。
从前人被造就得似上帝，已相当不错，
但上帝竟被塑造得像人类，就更难得。
XVI
Father , part of his double interest
Unto thy kingdome, thy Sonne gives to mee,
His joynture in the knottie Trinitie,
Hee keepes, and gives to me his deaths conquest.
This Lambe, whose death, with life the world hath blest,
Was from the worlds beginning slaine, and he
Hath made two Wills, which with the Legacie
Of his and thy kingdome, doe thy Sonnes invest,
Yet such are thy laws, that men argue yet
Whether a man those statutes can fulfill;
None doth, but all-healing grace and Spirit,
Revive againe what law and letter kill.
Thy lawes abridgement, and thy last command
Is all but love; Oh let this last Will stand!
十六
天父，您儿子所享有对于您的王国的
双重权利，他赠送给了我其中一部分，
那不可思议的三位一体之中的身份，
他自己保留，给我的是他以死赢得的。
这只羔羊，从创世之初起便遭到屠戮，
他的死祝福这世界，赋予世界以生命；
他立下两份遗嘱，让您的子民继承
同时属于他又属于您的王国遗物。
但您的法律太严苛，人们仍然论争
一个人是否能完全履践那些条约；
无人做到，而治愈一切的神恩和圣灵
重新让法律和文字杀死的东西复活。
您的法律精要，和您的最后训令
简直就是爱；啊，让后一份遗嘱执行！
XVII
Since she whom I lov'd hath payd her last debt
To Nature, and to her's, and my good is dead,
And her soule early into heaven ravished,
Wholly on heavenly things my mind is sett.
Here the admyring her my mind did whett
To seeke Thee, God; so streams do show their head,
But tho' I have found Thee, and Thou my thirst hast fed,
A holy thirsty dropsy melts me yett.
But why should I begg more love, when as Thou
Dost wooe my soule for hers, off'ring all Thine;
And dost not only feare least I allow
My love to saints and angels, things divine,
But in Thy tender jealosy dost doubt
Least the World, Fleshe, yea Devill, put thee out?
十七
既然我所爱的她，已把她最后的债务
偿还给造化；对她也对我有好处，死了；
她的灵魂早早地被劫夺，进入了天国，
我的心思就完全寄托于天国的事物。
在人间，对她的爱慕曾激励我的心智
去寻找上帝您，让河流现出源头所在；
可尽管我找到了您，您把我渴意消解，
一种神圣的消渴病却依然使我憔悴。
但我为什么要乞求更多的爱，既然您
拿出您所有的一切，为她的灵魂物色
我的灵魂：您不仅担心，我也许会放任
我的爱移向圣徒和天使之类的圣者，
而且，心怀着您温和的嫉妒之意，疑虑
世俗、肉欲，还有魔鬼会把您逐出。
XVIII
Show me, deare Christ, thy spouse so bright and clear.
What! Is it is She, who on the other shore
Goes richly painted? Or, who, robb'd and tore,
Laments and mournes in Germany and here?
Sleeps she a thousand, then peeps up one yeare?
Is she selfe truth, and errs? now new, now outwore?
Doth she, and did she, and shall she evermore
On one, on seven, or on no hill appeare?
Dwells she with us, or like adventuring knights
First travaile we to seeke, and then make love?
Betray, kind Husband, thy spouse to our sights
And let myne amorous soule court thy mild dove,
Who is most trew, and pleasing to Thee, then
When she is embrac'd and open to most men.
而在德意志及此地伤恸哀泣的这位？
难道她沉睡一千年，才抬眼张望一年？
她既是真理又是谬误？时而新，时而旧？
在现在、过去，和未来，她是否都会恒久
在一丘、在七丘、或者在无丘之地出现？
她与我们同住，或我们像冒险的骑士，
起先是辛苦地寻觅，然后才调情求爱？
好心的丈夫，把佳偶在我们眼前展示，
让我多情的灵魂追求您温顺的鸽子，
当她被多数人拥抱，向着多数人敞开，
那时，她对您来说才算最忠实、最可爱。
XIX
Oh , to vex me, contraryes meet in one;
Inconstancy unnaturally hath begott
A constant habit; that, when I would not,
I change in vowes and in devotione.
As humorous is my contritione
As my profane love, and as soone forgott,
As riddlingly distemper'd, cold and hot;
As praying, as mute; as infinite, as none.
I durst not view Heaven yesterday; and, to day,
In prayers and flattering speeches, I court God;
To morrow I quake with true feare of His rod.
So my devout fitts come and go away,
Like a fantastic ague: save that here
Those are my best days, when I shake with fear.
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