MTI备考重磅之南京大学历年真题汇总
大家好，我是M君，一个集经验
与才华于一身的良心小编。
南京大学（Nanjing University），简称“南大”，是中华人民共和国教育部直属、中央直管副部级建制的综合性全国重点大学，是历史悠久、声誉卓著的百年名校，位列首批国家“双一流“世界一流大学A类建设高校、”211工程“、”985工程”。南京大学其学脉可追溯自孙吴永安元年（258年）的南京太学，近代校史肇始于1902年创建的三江师范学堂，此后历经两江师范学堂、南京高等师范学校、国立东南大学等历史时期，1949年由民国时期中国最高学府“国立中央大学”易名“国立南京大学”，1950年径称“南京大学”并沿用至今。南京大学是中国现代科学的发祥地之一，是哈佛大学白碧德主义影响下的中国“学衡派”的雅集地，被誉为“中国科学社的大本营和科学发展的主要基地”，是“985工程”首批九所高水平大学中唯一未合并其他院校的高校，坚持“内涵发展”，赢得社会“中国最温和的大学”之美誉。如果你是以南京大学为目标，那么，和M君一起来看看南京大学2018、2017、2016三年的真题吧。
2018南京大学真题
357英语翻译基础
一、词条翻译 （20个，每个2分）
AD
ASAP
BRICS
Internet things
shopaholic
APEC
Brexit
G20 Summit
netizen
UNESCO
“一带一路倡议”
精准扶贫
低头族
实名制
网约软件
国民生产总值
网红
手机依赖症
海外代购业务
电信诈骗
二、句子翻译
1. 这个新时代是是承前启后、继往开来、在新的历史条件下继续夺取中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的时代，是决胜全面建成小康社会、进而全面建设社会主义现代化强国的时代，是全国各族人民团结奋斗、不断创造美好生活、逐步实现全体人民共同富裕的时代，是全体中华儿女勤力同心、奋力实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的时代。
2. 大会的主题是：不忘初心，牢记使命，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，诀胜全面建成小康社会，夺取新时代中国特色社会主，义伟大胜利，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦不懈奋斗。
3. ...
三、段落翻译（80分）：
1. 英译汉。霍金和人工智能
2. 汉译英。金庸大叔堪称“万人迷”。据说有华人的地方就有金庸。从大学教授到引车卖浆者流，都不乏金庸的拥趸。一些“权威”批评家也纷纷为之捧场甚至哄抬，吁请老外授予金庸诺贝尔文学奖的呼声更是甚嚣尘上。对金庸的研究，也成了一种专门的学问，叫”金学”。这金庸真是好生了得！但事情也就坏在这里。
在许多“批评家” 和“文化人” 看来，金庸是神通广大的。因为他能把一个濒临灭亡的文学品种--武侠小说盘活了。金庸靠什么拯救了武侠小说？不是靠“学问”或“文化”。那些玩意卖不了几个钱。他之所以还要捣鼓那些劳什子，是为了哄骗“文化人”，你只要弄些琴棋书画、佛理禅机在里面，“文化人” 就上钩了。但你要以为金庸小说里头那些半生不熟的历史哲学什么的就是咱们中国文化，那就太赛碜人了。金庸根本不是什么“文学大师”，而是“营销大师”。把金庸说成是“文学大师”，实在是张冠李戴，研究金庸的“文学成就”，则是文不对题。先生们其实应该研究的，是金庸如何把市场做大，把份额占足，把钱赚够。那才是正经，也才名副其实的是“金学”。
448 汉语百科知识与写作
一、名词解释（50分）
1. “阿尔法围棋”
人工智能
深度学习
人脸识别
人机对话
2. 选举权
女权主义运动
经济大萧条
麦卡锡主义
“婴儿潮”
3. 明治维新
俳句
浪漫主义
诗歌意象主义
庞德
4. 索绪尔
能指
所指
语言学
结构主义
5. 地球的自转
生物钟
激素水平
新陈代谢
时差
二、应用文写作（40分）
假设你是一名导游，请写一篇北京一日游的导游词，介绍服务团队，一日游行程，表达服务愿望，提出注意事项，要求450字。
三、大作文（60分）
根据以下故事材料写一篇800 字的议论文，题目自拟， 论点要明确。
两只青蛙相邻而居一只住在离大路不远的池溏里，另一只住在大路边的小水坑里。池溏里的青蛙劝邻居搬到它那儿去。可住在小水坑里的那只青蛙总说自己还没准备好。虽然危险的事经常发生，可是它舍不得离开已经住惯了的地方， 更懒得搬来搬去。结果有一天，小坑里的青蛙在路边晒太阳时，不幸被路过的车子碾死了。
211翻译硕士英语
一、改错（15分）
Do higher education Journals hold a monoply. 难度中等。
二、阅读（45分）
A阅读题目：Down with the English Language！阅读五个单选，五个根据释义找单词，两道简答题，每个100字以内，然后一篇相关文章B（对比阅读），B阅读主要是关于为何要致力于推崇日本本土语言而不能让英语成为主导地位的，回答一道简答题，问作者为何如此重视本士语言，文中可以找到答案。阅读难度不高。
三、作文（40分）
The process of making classics，要求500字，且举两个例子。
2017南京大学真题
357英语翻译基础
一、词条翻译
masscult
negative population growth
the European Economic Community
the World Intellectual PropertyOrganization
sitcom
NATO
AIDS
CPU
IMF
OPEC
区域协同发展
货到付款
战略伙伴关系
打假
对口支援
海选
国有资产安全
社区医院
绿色食品
网民
1. 中国梦是要实现国家富强，民族振兴，人民幸福，是和平、发展、合作、共赢的梦。
2. 中美建交35周年来的历史表明，一个良好的中美关系符合两国人民的根本利益，也有利于亚太和世界。
3. 从新闻媒体所暴露的内容看，不正之风有一些地区很严重，必须采取严格的措施来遏制这股不正之风。
英译汉：
My wife was one of the many bright and industrious young women in 1960's who worked their way to college. Somewhere late in her sophomore year, he funds ran low, and she inquired the college a small loans for books and supplies. She was told that her opportunity to get a fund was slim. Because the school's fund were scare too. In fact, the resources of loans are given almost exclusively to male students. The only females who getting the loans at that time were seniors who were about to graduate.My wife wasn't surprised-disappointed, or surprised. The loan policy was well known: males first, regardless academic status, then if there are more money, it flows to the advanced female students. This college's loan policy was not unusual, in fact, it is just another expression of an ancient value of Western tradition. Education for men is practical, and for women, it is luxurious. While this attitude is soundly rejected in some areas in some recent years. There is enough evidence of their persistence to justify the Education for women. I want to argue that in a civilized society, Education for women is a practical thing. I think a civilized society should take more pains to educate its young women than its young men.
汉译英：
一个学习型国家是一个愿意向其他国家学习的国家。同时，学习型国家也应该将其它文明中的优秀成果纳入到自身的体系，并通过创造性的转换，为丰富人类文明和人类文明的可持续发展作出其应有的贡献。
在对别国文明的认识而言，学习型国家也应是追求真知的国家。对其它文明的误解和曲解往往妨碍有效的文明间对话和对文化多样性的尊重。另外，学习型国家最珍视和平，并努力为人类的共同进步而作贡献。对学习型国家而言，宽容是一种美德，在经济全球化的时代，尊重和保护文化的多样性是很有必要的。承认，尊重世界文化的多样性，是维护世界和平与发展的保障，是人类社会不断进步的标志。尊重和推动不同文化的借鉴，融合，发展是全人类的共同责任。
在21世纪的今天，我们正以更开放的胸襟、兼容的态度和科学的精神对待外国文化，汲取人类的一切优秀文明成果。同时我们也清醒地认识到，在经济全球化的背景下，各国也必须维护自己的文化传统、文化利益和文化安全，保持民族文化的独立性，进而保持民族的独立性。
448 汉语百科知识与写作
一、名词解释
1. 网络预约公共汽车
公共交通
国五
轴距
新能源汽车
2. 双创示范基地
海尔集团
科技成果转化
知识产权
抓手
3. 《雷雨》
郭沫若
宾白
俄狄浦斯情结
弗洛伊德
4. 威斯敏斯特教堂
哥特式建筑
泰晤士河
博物馆
《失乐园》
5. 国际化
兼并
投标者
经济实体
收购
二、应用文写作
中国翻译杂志，征集2017年各类稿件，写征稿启事，450字，写明征稿目的、背景、要求、体裁等。注意格式。
三、大作文
根据以下材料写一篇800字议论文，角度自选，题目自拟，注意语言流畅。
为什么天地这般复杂地把风约束在中间？硬的东西把它挡住，软的东西把它牵绕住，不管它怎样猛烈的吹，吹过遮天的山峰，洒脱缭绕的树林，扫过辽阔的海洋，终逃不到天地之外去。
211翻译硕士英语
一、改错
主题：不同的角色可能会影响人们在同一场景下的体验。老师和学生们虽然都在课堂上，但他们的体验不一样。
二、阅读
A. 题目Do we have a preferred learning style? 一篇有关meshing hypothesis论文，按照每个孩子特定的接受知识的方式教他们与提高之间的关系。
长度：3张A4
题型：
① 阅读选择
② 根据释义选单词
③ 问答题（每个问题100词以内）：
1. If preferred styles of learningexist?
2. Summarize the major findings inthe researches?
B. 和第一篇大文章有关，长度较短，一张A4纸不到，主要内容是介绍上一篇文章中出现的三种基本的styles of learning
问答题（不限字数）：
Summarize the 4 styles mentioned above IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
What type of learner do youthink you are? Illustrate at least one example.
三、作文
Albert Einstein once said "if you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough". To what extend do you agree or disagree this statement, write your opinion and support it with at least two examples.
2016南京大学真题
357英语翻译基础
一、词语翻译（以下为部分）
OPEC
Guinness Book of Records
I-steel
Euromart
YOG
CPU
IMF
World Intellectual Property Organization
negative population growth
Celeblog
海选
真人秀
对口支援
战略伙伴关系
打假
可持续发展
货到付款。
二、句子翻译
1、中美和则共赢，斗则俱伤。
2、...
3、...
三、段落翻译
英翻中：讲美国油价与石油革命。大致如下：
Ever since 1973，the oil price has swung with depressing regularity from crisis to glut and back again... some important changes in the use of oil in the U.S has occurred... the oil price has been decontrolled... domestic production is up, and the consumption is down... the appearance of less vulnerablity is deceptive and dangerous.…hopeful talks about the end of oil war ignore the painful lessons from the past decade.
汉译英：用“一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之际，莫如树木；终身之际，莫如树人”引出中国为教育建设提的4个措施：在贫困地区开展扫文盲，尤其是青年，妇女，少数民族，注重教师，中国中小学教师辛勤工作，为全面普及教育做出重大贡献，值得被社会尊敬，中国一直有着重视教育的传统美德，“有教无类”思想源远流长。
448 汉语百科知识与写作
一、名词解释
微生物
寄生虫
青蒿素
疟疾
中国社科院
小康社会
一带一路
两廊一圈
新闻发布会
威廉王子
亚里士多德
莎士比亚
京剧
骈文
文化冲击
英国广播公司
《神探夏洛克》
二、应用文写作
写一450字左右的关于保护环境的号召的文章，题目自拟，不要偏题，要有号召力。
三、大作文
关于男女认知不同的话题，给出一个某地方数学家的话：作为二十多年的数学家，我一直关注女性学生尤其是女性数学家，数学就像一块水域，要想在数学领域生存，创造就必须融入于此，而女性本质就是油，就像一句歌曲唱到：女孩儿就是为了好玩儿。
根据材料写一篇800字作文。
211翻译硕士英语
一、改错
原文如下：
For authors of self-help guides, no human problem is too great or too small. Want to become fitter, richer or happier in 2015? There are books for it--shelves upon shelves of them. Hoping for increased efficiency, decisiveness and creativity in the months ahead? There are titles for that too.
As we knuckle down to our New Year's resolutions, we'll turn in droves to self-help books, hoping to find our own best selves in their pages. But a book needn't hector or lecture to leave its imprint. The truth is that all good literature changes us, and a growing body of research suggests you might do better browsing through fiction for support in battling life's challenges. Think of it less as self-help than shelf help.
Reading has been proven to sharpen analytical thinking, enabling us to better discern patterns – a handy tool when it comes to the often baffling behaviour of ourselves and others. But fiction in particular can make you more socially able and empathetic. Last year, the Journal of Applied Social Psychology published a paper showing how reading Harry Potter made young people in the UK and Italy more positively disposed towards stigmatised minorities such as refugees. And in 2013, psychologists at the New School for Social Research found thatliterary fiction enhanced people's ability to register and read others' emotions.
We think of novels as places in which to lose ourselves, but when we emerge, we take with us inspiration from our favourite characters. A 2012 study by researchers at Ohio State University found that this process could actually change a reader's behaviour. In one experiment, participants strongly identifying with a fictional character who overcame obstacles to vote proved significantly more likely to vote in a real election.
二、阅读
原文如下：
Before Laszlo Polgár conceived his children, before he even met his wife, he knew he was going to raise geniuses. He'd started to write a book about it. He saw it moves ahead.
By their first meeting, a dinner and walk around Budapest in 1965, Laszlo told Klara, his future bride, how his kids' education would go. He had studied the lives of geniuses and divined a pattern: an adult singularly focused on the child's success. He'd raise the kids outside school, with intense devotion to a subject, though he wasn't sure what. "Every healthy child," as he liked to say, "is a potential genius." Genetics and talent would be no obstacle. And he'd do it with great love.
Fifty years later in a leafy suburb of St. Louis, I met one of Laszlo's daughters, Susan Polgár, the first woman ever to earn the title of chess grandmaster. For several years, Susan had led the chess team of Webster University--a small residential college with a large international and online footprint--to consecutive national titles. Their spring break had just begun, and for the next few days, in a brick-and-glass former religious library turned chess hall, the team would drill for a four-team tournament in New York City to defend the title.
The students, sporting blue-and-yellow windbreakers and polos, huddled around a checked board of white and black, a queen, rook, and pawn stacked in a row. They had started with the King's Indian Defense, a well-mapped terrain. Now they were in the midgame. Polgár sat to the side, behind a laptop synced to the game, algorithms whirring. What should be the next move? she asked. "Be active and concrete."
Jocular debate broke out, accents betraying origins: Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Colombia, Brazil, Cuba, Vietnam, Hungary. "This is not human," one student said. "It looks magical," said another. Computers have long since outclassed humans in chess; they‘re vital in training, but their recommended moves can seem quixotic. "No, it‘s very human," Polgár assured them. The students, most of them grandmasters, grew quiet, searching the more than 100,000 positional situations they had ingrained over their lifetimes, exploring possible moves and the future problems they implied — moving down the decision tree. It's the knot at the heart of chess: Each turn, you must move; when you move, a world of potential vanishes.
"Bishop G4?"
"Bishop G4," Polgár confirmed.
"That's not a human move!"
"It‘s a human move," she said. "It's actually very pretty." The arrangement is close to a strategy she used before, against her sister. "I beat Judit on that."
The students murmured. This demanded respect. Susan Polgár may be the first woman ever to earn the grandmaster title, but her younger sister is the best female chess player of all time. There are three Polgár sisters, Zsuzsa (Susan), Zsofia (Sofia), and Judit: all chess prodigies, raised by Laszlo and Klara in Budapest during the Cold War. Rearing them in modest conditions, where a walk to the stationery store was a great event, the Polgárs homeschooled their girls, defying a skeptical and chauvinist Communist system. They lived chess, often practicing for eight hours a day. By the end of the 1980s, the family had become a phenomenon: wealthy, stars in Hungary and, when they visited the United States, headline news.
The girls were not an experiment in any proper form. Laszlo knew that. There was no control. But soon enough, their story outgrew their lives. They became prime examples in a psychological debate that has existed for a century: Does success depend more on the accidents of genetics or the decisions of upbringing? Nature or nurture? In its most recent form, that debate has revolved around the position, advanced by K. Anders Ericsson, a psychologist at Florida State University, that intense practice is the most dominant variable in success. The Polgárs would seem to suggest: Yes.
You may have heard of Ericsson. His work was popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best seller, Outliers, which spawned the notion of 10,000 hours of practice, in particular, as a mythical threshold to success. It's a cultural fixture. Turn on the radio and you'll hear a musician talking about "getting his 10,000 hours" in. This popularization also caused a backlash--documented in David Epstein's book The Sports Gene and elsewhere--of researchers arguing that genetics and other factors are as important as practice. It's a value-laden struggle, with precious few facts. In a globalized world where returns concentrate to top performers, research showing the primacy of practice is a hopeful, democratic message. "The scientific formulation of the American dream," as one psychologist told me. The Polgárs embody that hope. Is it a false hope?
"Truth is not going to be simple-minded when it comes to greatness," says Scott Barry Kaufman, a University of Pennsylvania psychologist who has tried to rework the terms of the debate. It‘s a nuance many don't want to hear. Everyone remembers the names of scientists who take a hard line on the nature-nurture debate; in academia, the spoils and the press go to those on the extremes. The Polgár story, in particular, seems to yield a clear lesson. "The world wants a simple story," Kaufman says, "and a story that you can apply to your own life." Susan, for one, is happy to play the exemplar. If her life is evidence of anything, it‘s that "nurture is a lot more important than nature," she said in her office after practice. Magazine covers and prizes coated the walls, including a black-and-white photo of the sisters, in 1989, with George and Barbara Bush. She sees it with her students, she says. The best have both talent and fanatical practice habits. But if one student is lazier, talent can't compensate--the one who practices more comes out ahead.
Susan has never been accused of laziness. From St. Louis, she oversees a small chess empire: books, websites, and, of course, her chess team. Talking to the press, which she's dealt with for nearly her entire life, she speaks like a canny politician--cautious, mulling the implications of what she might say. Webster recruited Susan and some of her students from Texas Tech University, where she had won two consecutive national titles. The move to Webster was controversial. Both are part of a community of small universities that have discovered that, by offering scholarships to chess players, many of them from abroad, they can raise the institution's academic prestige for relatively little expense. None of the colleges had poached a coach before, let alone students.
Equipped with celebrity and influence, Susan is an excellent recruiter. Many of her students are ranked higher than her; three have topped even Judit. Yet despite their great individual skill, the team members enjoy camaraderie. They visit the gym together. They've absorbed the Polgár way.
"Life and chess, they are similar in some points," Andre Diamant, a Brazilian graduate student and the team's longest-tenured player, said during a break from practice. "Chess players know they need to study. They need to work. They need to improve. And they do that. In life, they have this same thing."
You're probably nodding your head. Few would dismiss the value of hard work. But if there's a snag to the Polgár method of success, it might arise from a simple question: Susan and her sisters had similar childhoods. So why was Judit so much better?
题型：
① 阅读选择
② 根据释义选单词
③ 问答题（每个问题100词以内）：
1、这篇文章作者关于Nature,Nurture哪个重要的观点是怎么样的。
2、说你自己一个亲身经验，来证明后天教育（Nurture）比天赋（Nature）更重要。然后后面在给出一篇文章，叫你说出这篇文章作者的观点，然后问你支持谁的观点，为什么？
文章2：
对于文章1，这个作者给予了反驳观点，说并不是所有经过后天不断练习的人都能成功，成功的因素有很多，一个人的记忆，运气等都是因素。
三、作文
If you were to choose a compulsory course to the students of university in China, what course you will choose? Why ?
看过南京大学的真题后，我们可以总结其考题有以下题型：翻译基础考察词条翻译、语句翻译和篇章翻译。词条翻译，一般考察政治、经济类材料；语句翻译考察政治类语句较多；篇章翻译则涉及文化、科学类文章。百科这一门考察名词解释、应用文写作以及现代文写作。名词解释的词条是放在五段材料中的，所以在类别上具有相关性，一般为文学类和科技类词条，热词也会考察到。应用文写作为公告、启事类文章的写作，写作时需注意格式；现代文的写作会考材料作文，材料具有思辨性。翻硕英语这一门考察改错、阅读以及作文。改错难度不大，平时多练习即可；阅读会有一长一短两篇文章，且具有相关性，题型有单选、根据释义选词、问答，答案可在文中找出，需注意字数等题目的要求；作文为考察观点性文章的写作，需注意要运用例子在文章的写作中。
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