2021年二月新闻热词回顾

2021年二月热词汇总

*信息来源：China Daily

春运
Spring Festival travel rush

在国家就地过年政策的作用下，今年铁路春运客流总体大幅下降。

The number of railway passenger trips took a nosedive in the first three days of the Spring Festival travel season amid stringent epidemic control measures, data from the national railway operator showed Sunday.

国铁集团1月31日发布的数据显示，在严格的疫情防控措施背景下，今年春运前三天铁路客流明显下降。

这里的nosedive是很形象的一个词，从字面意思可以理解为“鼻子朝下跳水”，字典里一般解释为“俯冲”，并由此延伸出“骤降，急剧下跌”等意思，用作动词或名词都可以，比如：Stock prices took a nosedive（股价暴跌）；Profits nosedived in the last quarter（最后一个季度，利润暴跌）；The plane went into a nosedive without warning（飞机毫无预兆地来了个俯冲）。

中小学生手机禁止入校
mobile phone ban for 

primary and secondary school students

教育部办公厅印发了《关于加强中小学生手机管理工作的通知》。

Primary and secondary school students will not be allowed to bring mobile phones to schools, according to the circular from the Ministry of Education (MOE).

教育部发布的通知明确，中小学生原则上不得将个人手机带入校园。

这里用primary and secondary school表示“中小学”，具体来说，primary school通常指代“小学”，也可以用elementary school来替换，而secondary school指“介于小学和大学之间的教育机构”，即“中学”，是各类中等教育学校的统称，既包括普通的初高中，也包括职高、技校等教育机构。我们更加熟悉的middle school在英语国家通常指“五年级（或六年级）到八年级的学校”，即“初中”。

李子柒
Li Ziqi

The official Sina Weibo account of the Guinness World Records announced on Tuesday that Chinese vlogger Li Ziqi broke the world record for “Most subscribers for a Chinese language channel on YouTube” set by herself with 14.1 million subscribers on Jan 25.

吉尼斯世界纪录官方微博2月2日宣布，1月25日，中国短视频博主@李子柒 以1410万的YouTube订阅量刷新了由她创下的“最多订阅量的YouTube中文频道”的吉尼斯世界纪录称号。

这里的subscriber指视频频道的“订阅用户”，而我们打电话时听到的“the subscriber you dialed is busy now”中subscriber指的是“电信服务用户”，所以，这个词通常表示“付费给某个机构以得到某种定期服务的人”，来自于动词形式subscribe，而“订阅”这个行为或服务就是subscription。不过，在互联网内容大量涌现的今天，很多内容服务都是可以免费订阅的。当然，也有一些提供付费订阅服务的平台。

付费订阅（pay-to-read/paid content）服务一般分为：单次订阅（pay as you read）、周订阅（weekly subscription service）、包月订阅（monthly subscription service）、包年订阅（yearly subscription service）等。

新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划
COVAX

At the request of the World Health Organization (WHO), China has decided to provide 10 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines to COVAX, mainly to meet the urgent need in developing countries. This is another important measure taken by China to promote equitable distribution of vaccines, advance international cooperation in fighting the pandemic, and apply the vision of a community of common health for all.

应世卫组织方面请求，中方决定向“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”提供1000万剂疫苗，主要用于发展中国家急需。这是中方促进疫苗公平分配，推进国际抗疫合作，践行人类卫生健康共同体理念的又一重要举措。

2020年10月8日，中国同全球疫苗免疫联盟签署协议，正式加入“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划（COVAX）”。这是中国秉持人类卫生健康共同体理念（uphold the concept of a shared community of health for all）、履行自身承诺推动疫苗成为全球公共产品（turn COVID-19 vaccines into a global public good）的一个重要举措。

“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”由世界卫生组织和全球疫苗免疫联盟、流行病防范创新联盟共同牵头成立，拟于2021年底前向全球提供20亿剂新冠肺炎疫苗（the initial aim is to have 2 billion doses available by the end of 2021），供应给“自费经济体（higher-income self-financing countries）”和“受资助经济体（lower-income funded nations）”。包括我国在内的“自费经济体”需向该计划承诺为本经济体一定比例人口购买疫苗并缴纳预付款，而“受资助经济体”无须缴纳预付款，同时享受该计划补贴。

北京冬奥会、冬残奥会火炬
2022 Olympic torch

2月4日，在北京2022年冬奥会开幕倒计时一周年（the one-year countdown to the opening of the Games）之际，北京冬奥会、冬残奥会火炬“飞扬（Flying）”正式发布。

The 2022 Olympic torch spirals upward to resemble two overlapping fluttering ribbons. The inner red ribbon evokes rising flames, with the outer one plated in silver to produce a striking contrast.

2022年冬奥会火炬旋转上升，如双色“飞舞丝带”重叠，内部的红色丝带如火焰升起，与外部的银色丝带形成强烈的反差效果。

As the torch turns, the whirling red line hidden in the crack seems to stretch endlessly, representing mankind's relentless pursuit of brightness, peace, excellence and the values promoted by the Olympic Movement.

红色线条随火炬转动，似无限延伸，表达了人类生生不息、向往光明与和平、追求卓越的期望和奥林匹克运动的力量。

The torch features the Beijing 2022 emblem and the Olympic rings etched on its section, with patterns of clouds and snowflakes painted from the bottom up to the flame.

火炬上刻有北京2022年冬奥会会徽及奥运五环，自下而上从云纹逐渐过渡到雪花图案，最后呈现为火焰。

Beaming with dynamism and vitality, the two-tone torch presents a metaphor of ice and fire, symbolizing how it will bring light and warmth to the winter sports gala.

双色火炬外形极具动感和活力，象征冰火相约，照亮冰雪，温暖世界。

在介绍火炬的象征意义的时候，英文报道经常用到symbolize或represent，这两个词都有“象征”的意思，在这个语境下可以替换使用，比如：A lion symbolizes/represents courage。

二者的区别在于，symbolize只有“象征”这一层意思，而represent的意思用法要广得多。我们最熟悉的一个意思就是“to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people”，即“代表”

比如：
I sent my husband to represent me at the funeral.
我让我丈夫代表我去参加葬礼。

Women were poorly represented at the conference.
参会的女性很少。

大家选出来代表某个群体的“代表”就是representative；represent还有“体现，描绘”的意思

比如：
This new report represents the current situation in our schools.
这份新报告描述了我们学校当前的形势。

He represents himself as an expert, but he knows nothing.
他把自己描述成一个专家，但他什么都不知道。

反垄断指南
anti-trust guidelines

The State Council, China's cabinet, unveiled anti-trust guidelines on the country's platform economy to ensure fair market competition and promote the innovative and healthy development of the sector.

国务院发布平台经济领域的反垄断指南，旨在保障公平市场竞争，促进平台经济创新健康发展。

这里的anti-trust有时候也写作antitrust，中文最开始直译为“反托拉斯”，后来多译为“反垄断”，一般指“involving laws or actions that are intended to make business competition fair and to prevent any company from being a monopoly”，即“意在促进公平竞争，防止个别公司形成垄断的”（法律、法规），新闻报道中也会用anti-monopoly来与其替换使用.
比如：
China issues new anti-monopoly rules targeting its tech giants.
中国针对科技巨头发布新的反垄断规定。

Anti-这个前缀经常用来表示“反...”，比如，某个明星的粉丝是fans，那么ta的“黑粉”就是anti-fans；在军事领域，anti则经常表示“抗击，对抗”
比如：antimissile（反导弹的）、antiaircraft（放空中袭击的；高射炮）等。

劣迹艺人
tainted celebrity

2月5日，中国演出行业协会发布新制定的《演出行业演艺人员从业自律管理办法》，业内首次明确劣迹艺人惩戒和复出程序。

Chinese celebrities could face permanent bans from television, film, livestreaming, and offline events if they fail to comply with the “self-discipline” guideline.

违反自律管理办法的演艺人员或将在电视、电影、直播及线下活动等各平台面临永久抵制。

世卫组织专家组
WHO team of experts

中国—世界卫生组织新冠病毒溯源研究联合专家组2月9日在武汉举行新闻发布会，通报共同开展新冠病毒全球溯源中国部分的工作情况。

A sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus occured in Wuhan at the end of 2019. China took prompt action, actively released epidemic information, and adopted the most comprehensive and strict prevention and control measures, achieving notable results.

2019年底，新冠肺炎疫情在武汉市暴发，中国迅速采取行动，主动通报疫情信息，采取最全面最严格的防控措施，疫情防控取得显著成效。

天问一号
Tianwen 1

2月12日，举国欢庆农历新年之际，国家航天局发布我国首次火星探测任务“天问一号”探测器火星捕获过程影像。

The video fully recorded Mars gradually entering the field of view, the slight vibration of the probe after the engine was ignited, and the probe's flight from Mars day to Mars night. The solar wing, directional antenna, Martian atmosphere, and surface morphology are visible in the video.

影像完整记录了火星进出视野、发动机点火后探测器轻微震动和探测器从火星白天飞入黑夜的过程，太阳翼、定向天线、火星大气层及表面形貌清晰可见。

电影票房
box office

At 8:46 pm on Monday, China has just set a new Spring Festival record by accumulating a box office total of around 6 billion yuan during the holiday, including presale tickets, according to the live movie information tracing app Beacon. The figure surpassed the former same-period record of 5.905 billion yuan in 2019.

据灯塔实时数据，2月15日晚20时46分，2021春节档期内(2月11-17日)总票房(含预售)破60亿元，超过2019年春节档59.05亿元的票房，创下新纪录。

说几个跟record（纪录）相关的搭配：set/make a record（创下纪录），break a record（打破纪录），beat/smash/shatter a previous record均表示“打破此前的纪录”，与break a record意思类似，只不过用词更加生动形象，避免重复。

另外补充两个跟record相关的固定短语：off the record （私下说的；不供发表的）

比如：She made it clear that her comments were strictly off the record.
她说得很清楚，她的这些评论绝不许对外公布。

on the record （公开发表；公开表明）

比如：
None of the company directors were prepared to comment on the record yesterday.
昨天，公司没有一个董事准备公开发表意见。

欧盟最大贸易伙伴
the EU's biggest trading partner

欧盟统计局近日发布的贸易数据显示，中国在2020年首次超越美国（overtake the US），成为欧盟最大贸易伙伴（the EU's biggest trading partner）。

According to the EU's statistical service, the bloc's imports from China throughout the year 2020 grew by 5.6 percent year-on-year to 383.5 billion euros ($465 billion), and exports grew by 2.2 percent to 202.5 billion euros.

欧盟统计局的数据显示，2020年欧盟与中国进出口贸易实现双增长，其中从中国进口商品3835亿欧元，同比增长5.6%；向中国出口商品2025亿欧元，同比增长2.2%。

在统计类的报道中，我们经常会看到“同比”这个表述，其实就是用当前的数据跟上一年年同期的数据相比。“同比”英文用形容词year-on-year或者副词短语year on year表示

比如：
There were 2.95 million delivery staff at Meituan Dianping at the end of June, an increase of 16.4 percent year-on-year.
今年6月底，美团点评共有外卖人员295万，同比增加了16.4%。

In July, the share price has grown 20% year on year.
7月份，股票价格同比上涨了20%。

戍边英雄
border-defending hero

《解放军报》刊发了反映中印边境任务部队官兵卫国戍边先进事迹的报道，证实在去年6月的中印边境冲突中，中方有4名官兵牺牲，1名团长重伤。

The Central Military Commission issued commendations to the servicemen for their role in bravely fighting back hostilities provoked by foreign forces at the Galwan Valley.The title of "border-defending hero" was conferred on Battalion Commander Chen Hongjun posthumously, while Chen Xiangrong, Xiao Siyuan and Wang Zhuoran received first-class merit. Qi Fabao, who was seriously injured in the skirmish, received the title of "hero regiment commander for defending the border."

中央军委向在加勒万河谷地区英勇回击外军恶意挑衅的官兵授予荣誉称号，追授营长陈红军“卫国戍边英雄”荣誉称号，给陈祥榕、肖思远、王焯冉追记一等功，在冲突中受重伤的祁发宝被授予“卫国戍边英雄团长”荣誉称号。

这里的commendation是动词commend的名词形式，表示“表扬、赞扬、嘉奖”等意思，是一个比较正式的用词，比如：His poetry is highly commended by other writers（他的诗得到其他作者的高度赞扬）。因此，issue commendations to someone就是“向某人授予荣誉、嘉奖”，“一等功”为first-class merit，二等功和三等功可以以此类推为second-class merit和third-class merit。

文中的posthumously表示“在某人过世后”，是一个副词
比如：
His last novel was published posthumously.
他的最后一部小说在他过世以后才出版。

中央一号文件
No. 1 central document

21世纪以来第18个指导“三农”工作的中央一号文件《中共中央 国务院关于全面推进乡村振兴加快农业农村现代化的意见》2月21日发布。

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025), the Communist Party of China will regard work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers as its top priority, said the document.

文件指出，“十四五”时期，要坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重。

"China will make the comprehensive advancement of rural vitalization a major task in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and will speed up the modernization of agriculture and the countryside with the efforts of the whole Party and society," according to the document.

文件指出，要把全面推进乡村振兴作为实现中华民族伟大复兴的一项重大任务，举全党全社会之力加快农业农村现代化。

中央一号文件（No. 1 central document）指中共中央每年发布的第一份文件（the first policy statement released by central authorities each year）。中共中央在2004年至2021年连续十八年发布以“三农”（农业、农村、农民）为主题的中央一号文件，强调了“三农”问题（issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers）在中国社会主义现代化时期“重中之重”的地位。

唐宫夜宴
Palace Banquet in Tang Dynasty

The classical dance program Palace Banquet in Tang Dynasty created by Zhengzhou Song & Dance Theater has gone viral on Chinese social media platforms and won much acclaim from netizens after its debut at the 2021 Henan TV Spring Festival Gala.

由郑州歌舞剧院创作的古典舞《唐宫夜宴》亮相2021年河南春晚后在社交媒体平台上走红，受到网友的广泛赞誉。

这里的acclaim用作名词，表示“（公开的）赞誉，称赞，赞扬”，上文中的搭配win acclaim from someone就是“受到某人的赞誉”，我们还可以说someone deserves the acclaim he/she has received（某人受到的赞誉是当之无愧的）。此外，acclaim也可以直接用作动词表示“称赞，赞誉”，相当于praise或applaud，上文的表述也可以改写为the program was widely acclaimed by netizens。

家务劳动补偿
housework compensation

近日，北京市房山区人民法院适用民法典规定，首次审结了一起离婚家务补偿案件。

The ruling, made by Beijing Fangshan District People's Court, ordered a man, surnamed Chen, to pay 50,000 yuan ($7,700) to his ex-wife surnamed Wang as compensation for her housework during their five-year marriage, after splitting their joint property equally. Wang was also awarded custody of their son and 2,000 yuan per month in alimony.

北京市房山区人民法院判决一名陈姓男子向其前妻王女士支付5万元作为5年婚姻期间家务劳动的补偿。同时，法院判决孩子由王女士抚养，陈先生每月给付抚养费2000元；共同财产则由双方平均分割。

脱贫攻坚战全面胜利
complete victory in the fight against poverty

President Xi Jinping announced on Thursday that China has scored a "complete victory" in its fight against poverty. Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, said absolute poverty has been eradicated in the world's most populous country. Xi made the announcement while addressing a grand gathering held in Beijing to mark the country's accomplishments in poverty alleviation and honor its model poverty fighters. Over the past eight years, the final 98.99 million impoverished rural residents living under the current poverty line have all been lifted out of poverty. All the 832 impoverished counties and 128,000 impoverished villages have been removed from the poverty list. Since the launch of the reform and opening-up in the late 1970s, 770 million impoverished rural residents have shaken off poverty when calculated in accordance with China's current poverty line. China has contributed more than 70% of global poverty reduction over the same period. With such achievements, China has created another "miracle" that will "go down in history," Xi said.

全国脱贫攻坚总结表彰大会于2月25日在北京隆重举行，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平发表重要讲话。习近平庄严宣告，我国脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利。过去八年来，现行标准下9899万农村贫困人口全部脱贫，832个贫困县全部摘帽，12.8万个贫困村全部出列，完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务。自20世纪70年代末实行改革开放以来，我国累计已有7.7亿农村贫困人口脱贫，对全球减贫事业的贡献率超过七成，创造了又一个彪炳史册的人间奇迹！

国家乡村振兴局
National Administration for Rural Revitalization

The National Administration for Rural Revitalization was formally inaugurated at the headquarters of the former State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Beijing.

国家乡村振兴局在原“国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室”所在地正式挂牌。

英文报道中的inaugurate通常有三层意思，一表示“就职，举行就职典礼”，具体的用法是，（就职的）人+ be inaugurated

比如：
US President Donald Trump was inaugurated on January 20, 2017.
美国总统特朗普的就职典礼于2017年1月20日举行。

“就职典礼”的名词形式可以直接用inauguration来表示，后面无需加ceremony，因为inauguration本身就包含“典礼”这一层意思，比如：presidential inauguration（总统就职典礼）。

二表示“落成，成立”，用法与第一层意思相同，（成立的）机构+ be inaugurated
比如：A new school was inaugurated in the village.
这个村子里新落成了一所学校。

三表示“开创，开展”
比如：
The coronavirus pandemic has inaugurated a time of chaos and change.
新冠病毒大流行开创了一个混乱与变革的时代。

Pan Am inaugurated the first scheduled international flight.
泛美航空公司开通了第一条国际定期航班线路。

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